BIOLOGY 


// 


Iff, 
//i 


Worn. 


•> 


/' 


» 
' 


/  "  '  '       ^ 


,  ///i, 


W 


/4**«  fefe    ^ 

'/    /V  XM       A//' 

/      «.(<</'<".'    •"     '  t\         f/        ,/,f(U^3          ('(!l[lC*    I   ?(.' K  I 

i    '  ™7  / 

L"    v "  ,   r   ^   w/t  . 

•  //     /f  i  (/• 

at<i    ^(l^lti''    tafch      fl'<       v     (in 


••          ^      4-  '        , 

"  '"  '/      /^        /M          $/!t*tu          '    jQlftJ        3 


h     t      .    9t**] 


Wafa 


t 

**  '  <•  /  •     v  >     //    ,  /, 


AVIS 


Notre  intention,,  en  publiant  ce  Species  de  conchyliologie, 
avait  d'abord  etc  de  le  diviser  en  deux  parties  :  la  premiere 
aurait  content!  les  especes  decrites  par  Lamarck  dans  son 
ouvrage  sur  les  animaux  sans  vertebres ;  et  dans  la  seconde 
nous  aurions  donne  toutes  les  especes  omises  par  ce  celebre 
naturaliste  ou  nouvellement  decouvertes.  Nous  avions 
deja  fait  graver  quelques  planches  pour  la  premiere  partie, 
mais  nous  avons  pense  ensuite  qu'il  valait  mieux  publier  des 
monograpm'es  completes  pour  chaque  genre  :  c'est  pour 
cette  raison  que  dans  les  planches  des  premieres  livraisons, 
les  especes  n'ont  pu  etre  groupees  dans  le  meme  ordre 
que  dans  le  texte.  • 

Nous  commencerons  par  le  genre  Marginelle  qui  fait  partie 
de  la  famille  des  Columellaires  de  Lamarck ,  de  celle  des 
Pectinibranches  buccinoides  de  Cuvier,  et  de  la  famille  troi- 
sieme  des  Angyostomes  deM.de  Blainville. 

Nous  donnerons  les  caracteres  de  la  famille  en  publiant  le 
premier  genre.  Nous  donnerons  aussi  dans  une  des  premieres 
livraisons  Fexpose  methodique  de  notre  travail. 


M171457 


GENRE  MARGINELLE. 

(  MARGINELLA  ,  LAMARCK.  ) 


Caracteres  generiques  :  Coquille  ovale ,  oblongue ,  lisse 
ou  costulee;  spire  plus  ou  moins  saillante;  ouverturc  etroite , 
alongee ;  bord  droit  renfle  ou  recourbe  en  dehors ,  formant 
un  bourrelet ;  base  de  I'ouverture  a  peine  echancree ;  colu- 
melle  garnie  de  plis  plus  ou  moins  obliques ,  un  pen  variables 
en  nombre  avec  1'age. 

Testa  ovata,  oblonga,  Isevis  vel  coslnlata ;  spira  plus  minusve  prominente. 
Apertura  angusta  ,  elongala.  Labrum  extus  varice  marginatum.  Aperture  basis 
subemarginata.  Columella  subaequaliler  plicata. 

L'animal  des  Marginelles  est  un  trachelipode  dont  la  tete 
forme  un  voile  echancre  dans  son  milieu  y  des  cotes  duquel 
partent  deux  tentacules  coniques  assez  longs  et  portant  les 
yeux  a  leurbase  externe.  Labouche  est  un  tube  cylindrique 
retractile.  Le  pied  n'est  pas  opercule ,  il  est  large  et  charnu. 
Le  manteau  deborde  a  droite  et  a  gauche  de  la  coquille  et 
peut  la  cacher  en  partie.  Le  canal  qui  sert  a  faire  arriver 
1'eau  aux  brancMes  est  forme  par  un  repli  du  manteau  qui  se 
prolonge  obliquement  au-dessus  de  la  tete. 

Adanson,  dans  sonVoyage  au  Senegal,  a,  le  premier,  fait  connaitre 
Tanimal  des  Marginelles  qu'il  avail  determinees  sous  le  nom  de 
Porcelaine,  en  conservant  le  nom  vulgaire  de  pucelage  a  toutes  les 
especes  qui  portent  maintenant  celui  de  Porcelaine ,  designation 
que  Lamarck  a  changee  pour  celle  de  Marginelle.  Les  especes  de 
ce  genre  ont  etc  long-temps  ccnfondues  parmi  les  Volutes,  avec  les- 
quelles  elles  ont  beaucoup  de  rapports.  Elles  en  different  seule- 
ment  par  1'existence  d'un  bourrelet  au  bord  droit.  L'animal  ne 
differe  de  celui  des  Porcelaines  que  par  un  peu  moins  d'ampleur 
dans  les  lobes  du  manteau.  Ala  suite  de  ce  genre ,  Lamarck  a  etabli 
celui  des  Volvaires  qu'il  a  extrait  aussi  des  Volutes  de  Linnee?  et  du 

MARGINELLE.  i 


2  GENRE     MADGINEI.LE. 

genre  Mantelet  d'Adanson.  M.  de  Blainville,  dans  son  Manuel  de 
Malacologie  ,  ayant  trouve  beaucoup  d' analogic  entrc  ce  genre  et 
celui  des  Marginelles,  lesa  reunis  en  un  seul*  mais  nous  pensons  , 
comme  M.  Deshayes,  que  la  distinction  de  ces  deux  genres  doit  etre 
conservee,  et  que  les  Volvaires  ne  doivent  renfermer  que  des  espece5 
a  test  mince  et  bulloide ,  jusqu'a  ce  que  Vanimal  en  soit  connu.  Les 
caracteres  de  quatre  especes  de  Volvaires  de  Lamarck  etant  les 
memes  que  ceux  des  Marginelles,  nous  les  avons  reunies  a  ce  dernier 
genre.  Nous  avons  chercbe  a  rapprocber  et  a  disposer  les  especes 
d'apres  le  nombre  de  leurs  rapports  entre  elles ,  de  maniere  a  en 
former  des  groupes  naturels  pour  indiquer  le  passage  intermediaire 
des  Volutes  aux  Porcelaines.  Nous  pensons  etre  arrive  a  ce  but  en 
les  divisant  en  quatre  groupes  :  le  premier  faisant  suite  aux  Volu- 
tes, et  les  trois  autres  arrivant  progressivement  au  genre  Porcelaine 
par  les  especes  dont  la  spire  est  ombiliquee  ou  nulle.  Deux  de  ces 
groupes  sont  divises  eux-memes  en  plusieurs  sections. 

DIVISION  DES  MARGINELLES  EN  QUATRE  GROUPES. 

PREMIER  CROUPE  faisant  suite  aux  Volutes. 
SPIRE    SAILLANTE    COSTULEE. 


M.  Feverolle. 

—  Bi  fasciae. 

—  d'Adanson. 

—  Formicule. 


M.  Faba,  Lara. 

—  Bifasciasta,   Lam. 

—  Adansoni,  Nobis. 

—  Formicula,  Lam. 


DEUXIEME    GROUPE. 

SPIRE    SAILLANTE    LISSE. 


SECTION, 


M.  Neijjeuse. 

—  Goodall. 

—  Nubeculee. 

—  Rose. 

—  Orangee. 

—  Galonnee. 

—  Helmaline. 

—  Mouche. 

—  Hematite. 

—  Olive. 

—  Raccourcie, 

—  Bleuatre. 

—  Cinq-plis. 

—  Sillonnee. 

—  Elegante. 


M.  Glabella,Linn.,Gmel. 

—  Goodalli,  Sowerby. 

—  Nubeculata,  Lam. 

—  Rosea,  Lam. 

—  Aurantia,  Lam. 

—  Limbata,  Lam. 

—  Helmatina,Ran«j. 

—  Muscaria,  Lam. 

—  Hematita.  Val. 


Curta,  So-werby. 
Ccerulescens,  Lam. 
Quinqueplicala.Lam; 
Strigata,Cbemn. 
Elegans,  Lister. 


GENRE    MARGINELLE. 


He  SECTION.  fM.Perle. 

*  M:  Margarita,  Nobis* 

<  —  Donovan. 

,  —  Donovani,  Payr. 

Colombelli  formes  £  —  Pepin. 

—  Gran  urn,  Nobis. 

Ill"  SECTION. 

M.  grain  d'Avoine. 
—  A  collier. 

•    M.  A  vena,  Val. 
•    —  Monilis,Lam. 

Volvairiformes. 

—  Grain  de  ble'. 
—  Grain  de  mil. 

—  Triticea,  Lam. 
«  —  Miliacea,  Lam. 

TROISIEME  GROUPE. 

SPIRE    RECOUVERTE    EN  TOUT  OU  EN  PARTIE  PAR  LA  MATIERE  VITREE. 


M.  Double  varice. 

—  Cerclee. 

—  Longue  varice. 


M.  Bivaricosa,  Lanu 

—  Cinrta,  Nobis. 

—  Longivarico?a,  Lam. 


QUATRIEME   GROUPE. 

SPIRE  OMBILIQUEE  OU  NULLE,  OUVERTURE  AUSSI   LONGUE  QUE  LA 
COQUILLE. 

M.  Avellana,  Lam. 

—  Persicula,  Lam. 

—  Lineata,Lam. 

—  Tessellata  ,  Lam. 

—  Inlerrupta,  Lam. 

—  Catenata.Mat.  et  Rack. 

—  Maculosa,  Nobis. 


M.  Aveline. 

—  Tigrine. 

-Rayee. 

T"  SECTION. 

—  Parquetee. 
—  Intercom  pue. 

—  Encbainee. 

—  Moucbete'e. 

—  Mignonne. 

II«  SECTION, 

M.  de  Bellanger. 
—  Dact\le.                  /v 

Bullee.                       « 

Faisanlle  passage 
aux  Porcelaines. 

—  Cornee.                     « 
—  Cornaline.                  » 

M.  Bellangeri,  Wobis. 

—  Dactylus,  Lam. 
^-Bullata.Gmel. 

—  Cornea,  Lam. 

—  Sarda,  Nobis. 


PREMIER  GROUPE. 


SPIRE    SAILLANTE    COSTULEE. 


MARGINELX.E  FEVEROLLE    Marginella  faba,  Lmn. ,  GMF.L. 

*  a<*. ,  (Q 1 1 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  LISTER,  Conch.,  t.  812,  fig.  22. 


U  P1.  4,  fi,  , 


M.  testa1  oblong^ ,  subflav^,  anteriiis  longitudinal iter  costulatS,  nigro  punc- 
tat3  j  punctis  saepiiis  oblongis ,  per  series  transversas  longitudinalesque  digestis  ; 
spira  prominente  coslulata";  labro  albido  intiis  crenulato  ;  columella  quadriplicat/i. 

Coquille  oblongiie  ,  d'un  blanc  jaunatre ,  avec  des  cotes 


4  GENRE    MARGINELLE. 

longitudinales  sur  les  tours  de  spire,,  au  nombre  de  quatorze, 
ne  se  prolongeant  pas  au-dela  de  son  tiers  superieur ;  des 
points  noirs  oblongs,  en  series  espacees,  forment  des  lignes 
transversales  sur  toute  la  coquille;  quelquefois  d'autres 
points  plus  petits ,  alonges  et  tres  rapproches  entre  les  cotes 
du  dernier  tour  de  spire ;  levre  blanche ;  des  denticules 
nombreuses  a  la  partie  interne ;  la  partie  externe  formant 
un  bourrelet  tres  prononce ,  marque  de  points  brans  inter- 
rompus.  L'echancrure  de  la  levre  peu  marquee  a  la  partie 
superieure  a  sa  reunion  avec  le  bord  gauche  ;  spire  saillante 
costulee ;  quatre  plis  a  la  columelle. 

Long.  1 1  lig.  Larg.  6  lig. 
Habile  les  c6tes  du  Senegal. 

Cette  jolie  espece  assez  commune,  ressemble  exterieurement  a 
tine  petite  Volute;  quelquefois  une  bande  brune  enveloppe  en  par- 
tie  les  cotes  du  dernier  tour  de  spire ,  et  a  la  base  de  ce  dernier  tour 
est  situee  une  autre  bande  de  meme  couleur. 

/     2.   MARGIWEI.I.E  BIFASCIEE    Marginella  l>ifasciata,I^i.  Wt 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  MART.,  Conch.,  2,  t.  ^2,  fig.  43i. 
PI.  II,  fig.  8. 


M.  tesla1  oblonga1,  griseo-fulva ,  longitudinaliter  costulala  ;  fasciis  duabus  fusces- 
<vntibus  cinctzi ;  punclis  per  series  Iransversas  dispositis  ;  spira  prominente  costu- 
lata" ;  labro  inliis  crenulato  ;  columella  quadriplicat^/ 

Coquille  oblongue,  d'un  gris  fauve;  des  cotes  longitudina- 
les  paralleles ,  au  nombre  de  quatorze  sur  les  tours  de  spire , 
et  finissant  par  s'effacer  vers  le  tiers  superieur  du  dernier  tour 
de  spire  5  une  bande  brune  les  couvre  en  partie ,  et  une  autre 
se  trouve  placee  a  la  partie  inferieure  de  la  coquille ;  de  tres 
petits  points  noirs  sont  disposes  en  lignes  transversales  sur 
toute  la  coquille  ;  spire  saillante  costulee  ;  bord  interieur 
de  la  levre  dentele  dans  toute  sa  longueur ;  bord  externe 


GENRE    MARGINLLLE. 

marque  de  b'gnes  transversales  brunes  j  quatre  plis  tres  pro- 
nonces  a  la  columelle. 

Long.  10  lig.  Larg.  5  lig. 

Habile  les  cotes  du  Senegal. 

Cetle  espece  assez  rare  me  paraitetre,  d'apressa  forme,  une  variete 
de  la  feverolle.  Les  seules  differences  qui  existent  sont  les  points 
iioirs  beaucoup  pluspetits  et  beaucoupplus  nombreux  que  dans  la 
feverolle. 

/      5.   MARGIN  ELL  E  D  ADANSON     Mareindla  AJansoni,  NOBIS.  , 

^.*^,  fawt,, 

(Collect.  KERAUDREJV)  ADANSON.  Voy.  auS4neg.;  pi.  4?  fig.  2- 
Pl.  VII,  fig.  27. 

M.  testa"  ovato-oblonga ,  subflava ,  venosa  multis  lineis  fuscis  longitudinaliter 
undulatis  ;  costis  prolalis  parallelis  ;  spira"  prominente  costulala  5  labro  flavo  intiis 
crenulaloj  columella  qiiadriplicat^i. 

Coquille  ovale ,  oblongue  ,  jaunatre ,  veinee  d'un  grand 
nombre  de  lignes  brunes ,  ondees  dans  toute  leur  longueur ; 
des  cotes  longitudinales  paralleles  sur  les  tours  de  spire,  an 
nombre  de  quatorze ,  et  qiu  s'effacent  insensiblement  vers 
le  milieu  du  dernier  tour  de  la  coquille  ;  spire  saillante 
costulee ;  levre  jaunatre  garnie  de  dents  sur  toute  sa  longueur ; 
bourrelet  tres  prononce ;  quatre  plis  a  la  columelle. 

Long.  18  lig,  Larg.  7  lign. 
Habile  les  rocbers  de  Tile  deGoree. 

Cetle  espece  que  Ton  a  confondue  avec  la  prece"denle,  comme  1'a 
fait  M.  Sowerby  dans  le  catalogue  de  Tankerville ,  s'en  distingue 
cependant  fort  bien  en  ce  qu'elle  a  des  lignes  ondulees  tres  marquees 
qui  sont  constantes.  Nous  rapportons  a  cette  espece  la  description 
et  la  figure  d'Adanson  dans  son  Voyage  au  Senegal ,  pag.  5a,  pi.  4, 
fig.  2,  que  Lamarck  avail  cru  a  tort  etre  celle  dc  la  feverolle. 


GENRE    MARGINELLE. 
4.  MARGINELLE   FORMICUX.E     Margindla  formicula  ,  LAM 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.) 
Pi.  Ill,  fig.  1  3. 

M.  test5  parva*  ,  ovato-oblonga*  ,  anterius  longitudinaliter  costatS  ,  albidd  vel 
corneo  lutcscente  ;  anfractibus  superne  angulatis  ;  spira  prominente  costata  ;  labro 
intus  lasvi  ;  columella  quadriplicata1. 

Coquille  petite,  oblongue.,  d'un  blanc  jaunatre  ;  des  cotes 
nonibreuses^  paralleles.,  longitudinales  sur  les  tours  de  spire  ; 
vers  le  milieu  du  dernier  tour  y  les  cotes  finissent  par  dispa- 
raitre.  Spire  saillante  costulee  ;  levre  blanche  ;  bourrelet  tres 
prononce  5  quatre  plis  a  la  columelle. 

Long.    5  lig.   Largj  2  lig.  1/2. 
Habite  les  mers  de  la  Nouvelle-Hollande,  pres  de  File  Maria. 

Gette  espece  differe  des  precedentes  en  ce  qu'elle  est  beaucoup 
plus  petite  et  point  coloree. 

DEUXl^ME  GROUPE. 

SPIRE    SAILLANTE    LISSE. 

I"  SECTION. 
"3.   BTARGI?JES,I.E  NEIGEUSE.  Margmdla  glabella,  Liv.v.,   GMEL. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  LIST.,  Conch.  8  18,  fig.  29. 


Testa  ovato-oblong^  ,  sub-rubra  ,  zonis  rufo-rubentibus  cincta,  maculis  minirnis 
alb  is  adspersS  5  spira  breve  conica*;  intus  labro  crasso  crenulato  ;  columella  quadri- 
plicata1. 

Coquille  ovale  ,  oblongue  ,  rougeatre  5  parsemee  depetites 
laches  blanches  irregulieres  ,  et  entouree  de  deux  bandes 
d'un  rouge  plus  fonce  ;  une  zone  de  meme  couleur  existe  a 
chaque  tour  de  spire.  Spire  assez  courte.,  conique  ;  bord  droit 
epais,  crenele  interieurement^  recourbe  en  dehors  et  forniant 


GENRE    MARGINELLE.  7 

line  legere  echancrure  a  la  partie  superieure  dela  levre  qui  se 
reunit  avec  le  bord  gauche  ;  quatre  plis  a  la  columelle  ,  les 
deux  derniers  plus  obliques. 

Long,  2  pouces.  Larg.  glign. 

Habite  les  c6tes  du  Senegal,  et  se  trouve  en  grande  abon- 
dance  sur  les  roch.es  de  1'llede  Goree, 

Cette  espece,  comme  toutes  celles  dece  genre,parvientaetre  re- 
couverte  a  son  dernier  degre  de  developpement  d'une  matiere  vitree 
qui  finit  par  cacher  une  partie  des  couleurs  naturelles  ;  aussi  dans 
cette  espece  la  coquille  devient  d'un  jaune  blanchatre,  et  quelque- 
fois  toute  blanche  et  ne  laisse  plus  apercevoir  que  tres  faiblement 
les  points  blancs. 


G.  M&RGINELLE  GOOD  ALL.   Marginclla  Goodalli, 

4u&\ 

(Collect.  M.  LAJOIE.)  CATAL.  de  Tankerville,  pi.  2.  fig.  2. 

PI.  VII,  fig.  29. 

M.  test3  ovato-oblonga  ,  perlucida  ,  rufa  ,  maculis  rotundatis  albis  conspersd  5 
spira  brevi,  obtussl,  conica,  anfractu  ultimo  maximo  superne  rotundato-angulato  5 
labro  crasso  intiis  denticulate  ;  columella  quadriplicalsi. 

Coquille  ovale  ,  oblongue  ,  diaphane,  de  couleur  rousse  , 
marquee  de  laches  blanches  irregulieres,  arrondies,  eparses 
sur  toute  la  coquille.  Spire  courte  ,  obtuse  ,  conique  ,  le  der- 
nier tour  ay  ant  un  angle  obtus  a  sa  partie  superieure.  Ouver- 
ture  etroite  ;  1'echancrure  de  la  levre  avec  le  bord  gauche  pen 
apparente.  Levre  epaisse  ^roussatre,  crenelee  dans  toute  sa 
longueur  a  la  partie  interne  ?  recourbee  en  dehors  et  formant 
un  bourrelet  tres  prononce.  Quatreplis  a  la  columelle. 

Long,  i  pouce.Larg.  6  lig. 
Patrie  inconnue. 

Cette  }olie  espece  differe  essenti  el  lenient  de  la  precedente  en  ce 
que  la  forme  en  est  plus  globuleuse,  les  laches  blanches  plus  grandes 
et  plus  espacces  ;  on  Ten  distingue  encore  par  Tangle  obtus  dc  son 
dernier  tour  de  spire. 


GENRE    MARG1NELLE. 


7.   IttARGITCELLE   NUBECULEE.    Margindla  nubeculatti  ,  I.  AM. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  LIST.,  Conch,  t.  818,  fig.  52 

«.!.«  3. 


M.  testa  ovato-oblong£  ,  subturbinata  ,  albida;  flammulis  Jongitudinalibus  uu- 
dulatis  ,  pallide  fulvis  ,  uno  latere  nigrinis  ;  ultimo  anfractu  superius  obtuse  angu- 
lato  }  spira  breve  conica*  ,  obtusiuscula*  j  labro  intus  lasvi  ;  columellti  quadriplicata. 

Coqiiille  ovale  y  oblongue  _,  blanche  ,  attenii.ee  a  ses  deux 
extremites  5  maculee  de  laches  rosees  bordees  par  des  ligne& 
ondulees  de  couleur  brune  plus  ou  moins  foncee  j  le  dernier 
tour  de  spire  formant  un  angle  obtus  a  sa  partie  superieure  ; 
spire  assez  elevee^  conique  ;  quatre  plis  a  la  columelle  ,  le 
dernier  se  contournant  vers  la  base  de  1'ouverture  5  levre 
blanche^  lisse;  quelques  lignes  brunes  transversales  sur  le 
bourrelet. 

Long.  17  lig.  Larg.  8  lig. 

Habiteles  cotes  duBresil.   WOOD. 

Cette  espece  devient  quelquefois  toute  blanche:  elle  est  tres  re- 
marquablepar  Tangle  obtus  du  dernier  tour. 

8.   MARGINELLS  ROSE.   Marginella  rosea  ,   LAM.  W.Wt. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.) 
PI.  II,  fig.  9. 

M.  testa"  ovata,  albo  roseoque  tessellata  ;  spiral  conoidea  oblusa  ;  labro  intus  albo 
laevique  ,  extus  varice  transversim  fusco  lineato  ;  columella  quadriplicata. 

Coquille  ovale^  blanche,  marquetee  de  rose;  lestaches  sur 
les  tours  de  spire  plus  grandes  et  plus  foncees  ;  le  dernier 
tour  ayant  un  commencement  d'angle  obtus  a  sa  partie 
superieure  ;  une  petite  echancrure  sur  le  bord  interne  de  la 
levre.  Spire  cono'ide  ,  obtuse  ;  levre  interne  lisse  et  blanche  ; 
des  lignes  brunes  sur  la  partie  extern  e  du  bourrelet.  Quatre 
plis  a  la  columelle. 


GENRE    MARGINELLE.  t), 

Long.   1 1  lig.  Lajcfl.  6  lig. 
Habile  les  mers  du   Senegal.    / 

Cette  espece  a  des  rapports  assez  nombreux  avec  la  precedents 
pour  qu'on  puisse  les  confondre.  Cependant  elle  en  differe  d'une 
maniere  remarquable  parsa  taille  plus  petite  et  sur-tout  paiTechan- 
crure  qui  existe  au  tiers  superieur  du  bord  interne  de  la  levre. 
L'angle  obtus  que  forme  le  dernier  tour  de  spire  est  aussi  beau- 
coup  moins  prononce  dans  cette  espece  que  dans  la  precedente. 

S  9.   MAB.GINELLE   ORANGEE.  MarginelLa  aurantia ,  LAM. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.) 
PI.  Ill,  fig.  ii. 

M.  testa  oblonga" ,  aurantio-rubente ;  spira  conica,  obtus3 ;  labro  intits  crenulato  j 
•  olumella  quadriplicala. 

Coquille  oblongue  d'une  couleur  orangee  rouge ,  piquetee 
de  blanc ;  des  maculations  plus  grandes  de  meme  couleur 
sur  les  tours  de  spire ;  d'autresplus  grandes  encore  et  en  zig- 
zags forment  autour  de  la  coquille  une  espece  de  ceinture., 
qui  est  quelquefois  interrompue ;  spire  conique  7  obtuse  ; 
levre  orangee  ,  la  partie  interne  crenelee  ;  quatre  plis  a  la 
columelle. 

Long.  10  lig.  Larg.  5  lig. 

Patrie  inconnue. 

Cette  jolie  petite  espece  se  rapproche  de  la  Marginelle  neigeuse 
par  sa  coloration,  mais  les  zigzags  de  couleur  blanche  qui  latraversent 
dans  tous  les  sens  Ten  distinguent  facileraent ,  et  d'ailleurs  sa  taille 
est  infiniment  plus  petite.  Chez  certains  individus  la  coquille  devient 
d'une  couleur  fauve. 

10.   MARGINELLE  GALONNEE.  Marginella  limbata  ,  LAM.  (0. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  PETIVEK,  pi.  102,  fig.  10. 
PI.  ii,  fi-.  r>. 

M.  testa  ovato-oblonga,  albida,slrigis  longitudinalibus,  angustis,  undalis. 


IO  GENRE    MARGINELLE. 

luteis  liaeatd;  spira  breve  conica  ;  labro  intiis  crenulcito  ,  extiis  varice  transversim 
fusco-lineato  :  columella  quadruplicate!. 

Coquille  ovale,  oblongue,  blanchatre,  avec  des  lignes  jau- 
natres  et  ondees  danspresque  toute  sa  longueur.  Spire  courte, 
conique  ;  levre  blanche  crenelee  interieurement  dans  toute  sa 
longueur.  Bourrelet  tres  prononce  avec  des  lignes  transver- 
sales  brunes  sur  sa  partie  externe.  Quatre  plis  a  la  columelle. 

Long.   i3  lig.  Larg.  6  lig. 
Patrie  inconnue. 

Sur  les  individus  adultesde  cette  esp^ce,  la  matiere  vitreeest  re- 
pandue  d'une  maniere  assez  remarquable  le  long  de  la  columelle. 


li.    MARGINEiLE    HELMATINE.   Marginclla  lielmatina, 

(Collect.  MASS.)  Magasin  de  zoologie  de  Guerin,  pi.   5. 
PL  VII,  fig.  28. 


M.  test^l  ovato-oblonga  ,  griseo-fulva1,  fasciis  duabus  fuscescentibus  cincta*  ;  punc- 
tis  nigricantibus  per  series  transversas  dispositis;  spira  brevi,  conica;  labro  intus 
crenato;  columellcl  quadriplicala. 

Coquille  ovale,,  oblongue^  grise,  parsemee  de  points  innom- 
brables  formant  de  petites  lignes  ondulees  d'un  gris  fauve  y 
disposees  irregulierement  en  series;  deux  bandes  transversales 
mterrompuesforment  des  laches  oblongues  disposees  aussien 
series;  spire  courte,,  conique;  levre  blanche  crenelee  interieu- 
rement et  marquee  de  lignes  transversales  brunes  sur  le 
bourrelet  ;  quatre  plis  a  la  columelle. 

Long.  8  lig.  Larg.  4  lig. 

M.  Rang  a  trouve  cette  jolie  petite  coquille  sur  la  cote  d'  Afri- 
que,  depuis  Tembouchure  dela  Gamble  jusqu'aux  Bisagots. 

Cette  espece,  comme  le  pense  M.  Rang,  a  beaucoup  de  rapports 
avec  la  Marginelle  galonnee.  II  est  meme  probable  que  ce  n'est 
qu'une  variete  de  localite  de  la  precedente.  J'ai  remarque  sur  unt 
individu,  que  les  points  finissaient  par  se  reunir,  et  formaient  deja 
des  lignes  ondulees,  comme  dans  la  galonnee. 


GENRE    MARGIHELLE.  II 

/I2.   MAHGINELLE    MOUCHE.    Margineila  musraria  ,    \*».tQ 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.) 
Pi.  Ill,  fig.  14. 

M.  testa  parvula" ,  OYato-oblongS ,  diaphan^ ,  alba" ,  subflava1  ,  interdiim  luleo- 
aurantia  j  spira  prominente  acuta  ;  apertura  magna ;  labro  intiis  laeri  ;  columella" 
quadriplicata. 

Coqiiille  petite,  ovale,  oblongue,  diaphane,  d'lin  blanc 
jaunatre,  quelquefois  orangee;  deux  ou  trois  boursoufflures 
sur  le  dernier  tour  de  spire ,  la  premiere  etant  toujours  plus 
prononcee  et  se  prolongeant  le  long  du  bourrelet.  Spire 
saillante,  pointue ;  ouverture  large ;  levre  blanche,  lisse;  le 
bourrelet  tres  prononce ;  quatre  plis  a  la  columelle. 

Long.  6  lig.  Larg.  5  lig. 

Habite  les  mers  de  la  Nouvelle-Hollande  ,  pres  de  Tile 
Maria  ou,  selon  Peron,  elle  est  tres  commune, 

Cette  petite  espece  se  fait  remarquer  par  Tevasement  de  Touver- 
ture  de  sa  coquille  et  sa  columelle  un  peu  deprimee  ou  aplatie. 

13.   MARGINEXiI.£  HEMATITE.  Margineila  hematita  ,  INosis. 

(Collect.  MASS.) 
Pi.  VII,  fig.  3i. 

M.  testa  minimd,  nitida ,  oblonga ,  sanguinea;  spir^  prominente  obtusa  ;  labro 
intiis  crenulato ,  extus  varice  maxime  conspicuo-  columella  quadriplicala. 

Coquille  tres  petite,  brillante ,  oblongue  ,  d'une  couleur 
uniforme  sanguine  ;  spire  saillante,  obtuse ;  levre  de  couleur 
plus  claire  que  le  reste  de  la  coquille ,  crenelee  interieurement 
dans  toute  sa  longueur ;  bourrelet  tres  prononce  j  quatre 
plis  a  la  columelle. 

Long.  4  lig.  Larg.  i  lig. 
Habite  la  Meditcrranee  sur  les  coles  de  la  Sicile. 


12  GENRE    MARGINELLE. 

Cette  petite  espece  differe  de  la  precedente  en  ce  qu'elle  a  1'ou- 
verture  beaucoup  plus  etroite  et  la  levre  crenelee;  la  coloration  en 
est  sur-tout  tres  apparente. 


14.  MARGINELLi:  OLIVE.  Marginella  oLivceformis  ,  NOBIS. 

(Collect.  MASS.)    *<**  <£**,.  /O.Mf..*$J' 
PI.  VIII,  fig.  36. 

M.  testa  ovato-oblonga  ,  carnea  ;  lineis  longitudinalibus  inaequalibus  subalbi- 
disque  }  tribus  vittis  transversis  ;  spira  brevi  conica  ;  labro  albo  laevi  ;  margine 
superiore  varicis  aurantio;  columella"  quadriplical^. 

Coquille  ovale  y  alongee  ,  couleur  de  chair  ;  des  lignes  lon- 
gitudinales  irregulieres  et  blancliatres  ;  trois  bandes  trans- 
versales  beaucoup  plus  foncees  sur  le  dernier  tour  de  la 
coquille.  Spire  courte,  conique;  levre  blanche  lisse;  bord 
superieur  du  bourrelet  orange  ;  quatre  plis  a  la  columelle. 

Long.  7  lig.  Larg.  5  lig. 
Habiteles  c6tes  du  Senegal. 

Cette  espece  se  distingue  par  sa  couleur  de  chair  et  scs  trois  bandes 
dont  celle  du  milieu  est  la  plus  apparente. 

»       13.   MAIlGXNEIiXtX!  RACCOURGIE.   Marginella  curia,    SUWEKBY. 

*Ji.j+».f*Ji*t*SiiJ 

(Collect.  WOLDEMAR  ).  LIST.,  pi.  656,  fig.  9. 
PI.  VII,  fig.  3o. 

M.  testA  globules^  ,  ccfirulescente,-  lineis  longitudinalibus  transversisque  ;  spira 
breve  conical  5  labro  a'.bolsevi,  intiis  castaneo,  varice  cincto  margine  aurantio  ;. 
columelld  quadriplicata. 

Coquille  globuleuse  ,  d'un  cendre  bleuatre^  avec  quelques 
lignes  longitudinales  et  transversales  de  couleur  plus  claire  ; 
spire  courte,  conique  ;  levre  blanche,,  lisse;  rinterieur  de 
la  coquille  de  couleur  marron  ;  bourrelet  entotire  d'une 
bande  orangee  se  prolongeant  le  long  de  la  columelle 
qui  est  reconvene  de  matierc  vitree  formant  une  callosite 


GENRE    MARG1NELLE.  l3 

tres  prononcee  ;  quatre  plis  a  la  columelle  ,  le  dernier  moins 

apparent. 

Long.  lolig.Larg.  6  lig. 

Patric 


L'individu  quenous  avons  figure  vient  de  la  collection  de  M.  Wol- 
demar.  M.  Sowerby  lui  a  donne  le  nom  de  curta  ,  que  'nous  lui 
conserverons.  Cependant  elle  est  connuedepuis  long-temps  etfigu- 
ree  dans  Lister  qui  1'a  appelee  unicolor,  nom  qui  ne  peut  lui  6tre 
conserve,  plusieurs  especes  de  ce  genre  etant  d'une  seule  coulcur. 

/    16.  MARGINELLE  BLEUATRE.  Marginella  ccerulescens  ,  LAM. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  LISTER,  Conch.,  t.  817,  fig.  28. 

p..  i,  fig.  4. 


M.  testa  ovato-oblong£l  ,  albido-coerulescenle  ;  spira"  brevi  ,  subacuta^  labro 
intiis  castaneo,  margine  interiore  laerigRtb;  columellS  quadriplicata". 

Coquille  ovale,,  oblongue^  d'un  blancbleuatre;  spire  courte, 
pointue  ;  levre  blanche^  epaisse^  recourbee^  son  bord  externe 
formant  une  gouttiere  longitudinale;  rinterieur  de  la  coquille 
de  coiileiir  marron  ;  1'echancnire  superieure  du  bord  droit  , 
«'i  sa  reunion  avec  le  bord  gauche  ,  tres  prouoncee  ;  quatre 
plis  a  la  columelle  ,  les  deux  inferieurs  tres  rapproches. 

Long.   i5  lig.  Larg.  6  lig. 
Habile  les  c6tes  de  Tile  de  Goree  on  elle  est  tres  commune. 

Cette  espece  varie  dans  ses  differents  ages:  tres  jeune  elle  est 
verdatre  et  transparente  j  Techancrure  forniee  par  la  reunion  dela 
levre  avec  le  bord  gauche  est  tres-prononcee. 

/      17.  MARGXJVEX.X.E  CINQ-PLIS.  Marginella  fjuinqueplicata.'L^. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  Encycl.  method.,  pi.  3n6y  fig.  2.  a,  b. 


M.  testa  ovato-oblong3  ,  erassa,  squalide  albida,  immaculate  ;  spira  brevissimri  ; 
apice  oblusiuscula ;  labro  crassissimo  albidoque  ,  intus  laevi  ;  plicis  columellae 
quinis. 

t 

4$     T~*>  «*"      &Z*s     &*"*-} 


/ 

^&44* 


•u  > 


fc 


I  4  GENRE    MARGINELLE. 

Coquille  ovale,  oblongue.,  epaisse,  d'un  cendre  blanchatre; 
spire  courte,  rentrante,,  detachee  au  sommet  par  une  echan- 
crureassez  profonde;  le  bourrelet  seprolonge  en  s'elargissant 
sur  la  base  de  la  coquille  ,  et  forme  une  espece  de  canal  qui 
finit  par  disparaitre  entre  le  troisieme  et  le  quatrieme  pli  de 
la  columelle  ;  cinq  plis  tres  prononces  a  la  columelle. 

Long.  1  5  lig.   Larg.  9  lig' 
Patrie  inconnue. 

Cette  espece  assez  rare  est  distincte  de  toutes  les  autres  par  son 
epaisseur  etpar  son  bourrelet  tres  prononce;  lesjeunes  individus 
ont  la  spire  plus  apparente  ,  et  il  existe  quelquefois  un  sixieme  pli 
a  la  columelle  qui  se  prolonge  sur  le  ventre  de  la  coquille. 

18.   MARGINELLE   SILLONNEE     Marginella  strigata,   Guai**.&jtt*t 

lcct-  MASS°  CHEMM"  10'  l"  I.5o/fis'  l423~ 

<&»(,.  ^./O.bff.rf!  (i  H.  VIII,  6g.S7.**T  -f  • 


M.  test^  oblongd,  rotundata,  dilata,  subalbid^,  sulcatS  lineis  subnigris  longi- 
tudinalibus  ,  cum  parvis  denticulis  adstrictissimis  ;  spir^  brevi  5  labro  albido  ;  plicis 
columellae  quinis. 

Coquille  oblongue  arrondie,  elargie;  blanchatre^  sillonnee 
de  lignes  brunes  longitudinales  ,  formant  de  petites  dente- 
lures  tres  serrees  5  quelques  petites  laches  de  meme  couleur 
formant  des  lignes  transversales  interrompues  autour  de  la 
coquille.  Spire  courte  ;  levre  blanche  ;  bourrelet  jaunatre 
couvrant  un  peu  le  dessus  de  la  base  de  la  columelle  jusqu'au 
troisieme  pli;  cinq  plis  tres  prononces  a  la  columelle. 

Long,  i  p.  4%  Larg.  9  lig. 
Habite  les  cotes  de  Guinee. 

Espece  rare  ,  constamment  distincte  des  precedentes  par  Tample 
developpement  de  son  dernier  tour,  son  ouverture  large  etses  lignes 
faiblement  ondulees, 


GENRE    MARGINELLE. 
19.   MARGIWELLE  ELEGANTE.   Marginella  elegans , 

(Collect.  MASS  )  LIST.,  pi.  3o5, 
PI.  VIII,  fig.  35. 

M.  testa1  oblong^  ,  rotundala,  subflavti;  Hneis  et  vitlis  transversis7  fuscis,  saepe 
interruptis;  lineis  longitudinalibus  albisj  spiral  brevi  ;  labroetvariceflavo-anrantio  j 
plicis  columella3  sinis. 

Coquille  oblongue ,  arrondie ,,  d'un  blanc  jaunatre ,  con- 
vene de  lignes  et  de  bandes  transversales  brunes  plus  ou 
moins  elargies ,  souvent  interrompues  par  des  lignes  longitu- 
dinales  blancbes  ?  ce  qui  forme  sur  la  coquille  une  espece  de 
reseau;  spire  courte;  levre  et  bourrelet  d'un  jaune  orange,,  ce 
dernier  se  continuant  sur  la  base  de  la  columelle  et  se  pro- 
longeant  jusqu'au  quatrieme  pli ;  six  pUs  a  la  columelle  ,  le 
premier  moins  prononce. 

Long.  i3  lig.  Larg.  7  lig. 
Habite  les  mers  des  Indes  Orientales. 

Cette  belle  espece  a  beaucoup  de  rapport  avec  la  precedente ; 
elle  s'en  distingue  cependant  par  ses  six  plis  a  la  columelle ,  par 
Tespece  de  reseau  qui  couvrela  coquille  et  par  sa  forme  moins  globu- 
leuse.  Elle  a  ete  nominee  par  plusieurs  auteurs  bullata',  mais  comme 
ce  nom  est  deja  employe  pour  une  espece  de  Lamarck,  nous 
avons  cru  devoir  lui  conserver  celui  d'elegans  qui  lui  a  ete 
donne  par  -Lister.  $L**A  ^ 

/  II.  SECTION. 


LES    COLOMBELL1FORMES. 


20.  MARGINELLE   PERLE.   Marginella   margarita ,   NOBIS. 

(Collect.  MASSENA,) 
PI.  IX,  fig.  42. 

M.  testa  parva,  ovata,  columbelliformi ,  diaphana,  alba,  spira  brevi  conica  ; 
labro  albo ,  inliis  longitudinaliter  crenulatissimo ,  exlus  varice  distinctissimo ;  co- 
lumella  quadriplicata. 


iG  GENRE    MARG1NELLE. 

Coquille  petite,  ovale,  colombelliforme,  diaphane,,  blanche; 
spire  courte ,  conique ;  levre  d'un  blanc  mat ;  des  dentelures 
ires  prononcees  tout  le  long  de  la  partie  interne  ;  bourrelet 
assez  fortement  prononce ;  quatre  plis  a  la  columelle. 


Long.  4  lig-  Larg.  2  lig. 
Habile  les  mers  des  Indes. 

Cette  jolie  petite  coquille  est  bien  distincte  des  autres  especes  par 
su  forme  et  sa  coloration. 

21.   MARGI WELLE  DE  DOKO VAN    Marginella  Donovani ,  PAT*. 

(Collect.  MASS.)  DONOVAN,  tome  5,  pi.  i65. 


M.  testa  parva,  ovala  ,  columbelliformi ,  lasvi,  niticla  ,  subviridi;  spirabrevi; 
labro  albo ,  laeviter  denticulate ;  columella  quadriplicata  :  plicis  minimis. 

Coquille  petite,,  ovale^  lisse,  colombelliforme ,  verdatre; 
spire  courte ;  levre  blanche;  des  dentelures  tout  le  long  de  sa 
partie  interne ;  bourrelet  tres  prononce ;  quatre  petits  plis 
a  la  columelle. 

Long.  4  lig.  Larg.  2  lig.  1/2. 

Habile  la  Mediterranee,  les  c6tes  de  Provence,  la  Corse 
et  la  Sicile. 

Cette  petite  espece  se  distingue  de  laprecedente  par  sa  coloration, 
ses  plis  a  la  columelle  et  ses  dentelures  de  la  partie  interne  de  la 
levre  qui  sont  beaucoup  moins  prononcees.  II  arrive  sou  vent  que 
les  plis  de  la  columelle  sont  en  plus  grand  nombre ;  et  quelquefois 
finissent  par  disparaitre  en  partie :  c'est  de  cette  espece  que  M.Risso 
a  fait  son  genre  Erato.  Comme  cet  auteur  ne  donne  pas  decaracteres 
precis  pour  retablissement  de  ce  genre ,  nous  lui  laisserons  la  place 
que  M.  Payreaudeau  lui  a  assignee  dans  les  Marginelles. 


GENRE    MARGINELI.E.  17 

22.    MARGINELLE   PEPIN.    Marginella    qrunum  ,  NORIS. 

(Collect.  MASS.) 
PI.  VIII,  fig.  33. 

M.  testa  parva,  ovato-oblonga ,  colombelliformi ,  fusco-carulescente;  parvis 
\errucis  transversim  longitudinaliterque  disposilis ;  spira  brevi ,  conica  ;  labro 
inliis  denticulate  5  columella  tota"  plicala. 

Coquille  petite^  ovale ,  oblongue  y  colombelliforme  y  d'un 
brun  bleuatre ,  couverte  de  p elites  granulations  rangees  en 
lignes  transversales  et  longitudinales ;  spire  courte ,  conique  -9 
levre  dentelee  interieurement  sur  toute  sa  longueur ;  bourrelet 
brun  clair ;  plis  tout  le  long  de  la  columelle  an  nombre  de 
douze  a  quinze. 

Long.  5  lig.  Larg.  2  lig. 

Habite  surles  rocliers  de  Sainte-Helene.  *»^« 

Cette  jolie  petite  espece  se  distingue  parfaitement  de  la  prece- 
dente  par  ses granulations;  elle  a  d'ailleurs  une  forme  plus alongee; 
sa  coloration  est  tres  vive^  dans  certains  individusles  plis  superieurs 
de  la  columelle  finissent  par  disparaitre ,  et  il  n'en  reste  plus  que 
quelques-uns  apparents  a  sa  base.  Elle  a  aussi  un  renflement  assez 
prononce  a  la  partie  mediane  et  interne  du  bord  droit. 

IIP  SECTION. 

LES    VOLVAIRIFORMES. 

MARGIMELLE  GRAIN D'AVOI»E.3/ar^me//aawna, VALENCIENNES. 

^r,  CIA****** ,&£*,&»-  /o, 

(Collect.   MASS.) 

PI.  VI,  fig.  a4. 

M.  testa  parva,  oblonga ,  subcylindrica  ,  alba  vel  subflava ,  diaphana;  spira  co- 
nica  ;  labro  Yersiis  medium  depresso;  columella  quadriplicata. 

Coquille  petite ,  oblongue  .,  subcylindrique ,  blanche  on 
MARGINELLE.  2 


l8  GENRE    MARGINELLE. 

jaunatre  ,  diaphane  ;  spire  conique  ;  levre  comprimec  vers  le 
milieu,  ouverture  etroite  ;  quatre  plis  a  la  columelle. 

Long.  5  lig.  i/'j.  Larg.  2  lig. 
Habile  les  mers  des  Indes  Occidentales. 

Cette  espece  a  une  forme  alongee  et  etroite.  Jeune,  elle  est  jau- 
natre, marquee  sur  le  dernier  tour  de  trois  bandes  transversales  plus 
foncees.  Gette  espece  et  celles  qui  vont  suivre  forment  la  petite  di- 
vision a  laquelle  nous  avons  donne  le  nom  de  Volvairiformes  ;  ce 
sont  les  memes  qui  etaient  comprises  dans  le  genre  "Volvaire  de 
Lamarck. 

24.  MARGINELLE  A  COLLIER     Marginella  monili*  ,  LINN.,  GMEL. 


A 

«* 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.) 
PI.  VI,fiK.  a3 


V,  /a  , 

M.  testa  parva,  ovata,  subcylindrica  ,  opaca  ,  nilida,  lactea  ;  spira  vis  perspicua  j 
plicis  colnmellai  quinis  vel  sen  is. 

Coquille  petite^  ovale,  siibcylindrique.,  liiisante,,  d'unblanc 
de  lait  ;  spire  conique  ,  a  peine  apparente  -7  cinq  a  six  plis  a 
la  columelle. 

Long.  5  lig.  1/2.  Larg.  2  lig.  1/2. 
Habite  les  c6tes  du  Senegal. 

Les  habitants  de  la  cote  d'Afrique  s'en  servent  pour  faire  des 
colliers,  d'oii  elle  tire  son  nom,  aussi  ia  trouve-t-on  dans  les  collec- 
tions constamment  percee.  Chez  beaucoup  d'individus  il  n'existe 
que  quatre  plis  a  la  columelle,  les  autres  disparaissant  completement. 


GENRE    MARGINELLE.  IQ 

25.  MARGINELLE  GRAIN  DE  BLE.  MarQindla  triticea ,    LAM. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  PETIVER,  t.  102,  fig.  j5* 
PI.  VI,  fig.  as. 

/iTV't^-*t   l*l\™*    $22-  A^t 

M.  testS  ovato-oblonga1,  subcylindrica,  earned,  tribus  vittisfulvistransversis;  spira 

subprominul3  \  labro  versus  medium  depresso  ;  columellcl  recta  subquadriplicala". 

Coquille  ovale,  alongee,  subcylindrique,  couleurde  chair; 
trois  bandes  fauves  transversales  sur  le  dernier  tour  ;  spire 
courte  ,  peu  saillante  ;  levre  blanche  comprimee  vers  le 
milieu  ;  ouverture  etroite;  quatre  plisala  columelle. 

Long.  5  lig.  Larg.  2  lig. 

Habite  la  Mediter ranee,  les  cotes  de  Provence,  la  Corse, 
les  c6tesdu  Senegal,  les  rochers  de  Tile  de  Goree. 

Cette  espece  est  moms  cylindrique  que  la  pr£cedente  etbeaucoup 
mo  ins  diaphane  ;  clle  varie  beaucoup  dans  sa  coloration. 

26.  MARGINELLE  GRAIN  DE  MIL.  Marginella  Miliacea,  LAM, 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  ADANSON,  Voy.  au  Senegal,  pi.  5,  fig.  4- 
PL  VI,  fig.  26. 

7  '  */  I  •  /  ti       f  T  tl    Jl-     ^ 

•   *.  -.  -Hwiirt >*»<:<-  ,  -*--*•>    .  «^  •  •   5  -       - 

M.  testa  parva  ,  obovata  ,  subpellucida  ,  subflava  ;  tribus  zonis  fulvis  j  sp  ra 
vix  oonspicUcl;  labro  albo  obsolete  crenulalo  ;  columella  recta  subquinqueplicata. 

Coquiile  tres  petite  y  ovale^  transparente  ,  jaunatre ;  trois 
zones  fauves  entourent  la  coquille ;  spire  peu  saillante ;  levre 
blanche  legerement  crenelee  ;  quatre  pLis  a  la  columelle. 

Long.  3  lig.  Larg.  2  lig. 

Habite  la  Medherranee  et  les  c6tes  du  Senegal ,  Tile  de 
Goree. 

Cette  jolie  petite  espece  est  tres  commune :  on  la  trouve  en  grande 

2. 


3O  GENRE    MARGINELLE. 

quantite  sur  le  bord  de  la  mcr  ou  elle  est  constamment  blanche  ? 
ses  couleurs  etant  effacees. 

Nous  donnons  aussi  ,  pi.  6,  fig.  26%  la  varietede  la  Marginelle 
grain  de  toil,  ddnt  Lamarck  avait  fait  a  tort  une  espece  sous  lenom 
de  Volvaire  grain  de  riz. 


TROISIEME  GROUPE. 

SPIRE    RECOUVERTE  EN  TOUT  OU  EN  PARTIE  PAR  LA  M  ATI  ERE  VITRE'fi. 
»      27.    MARGIBJELLE  DOUBLE   VARICE.  Marginella   bivarlcosa, 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  BOKN.,  Mus.  ,  t.  9  ,  fig.  5  ,  6. 
PI.  Ill,  tig.  10. 


M.  testa  ovato-oblong3  ,  alba  ;  varicibus  duobus  ntrisque  luteo-auranliis  ,  spira 
adnatis  :  labri  varice  alianuu,  allero  latere  opposite  ;  spira  brevissima,  acuta  ;  co- 
lumella  quadriplicata. 

Coquille  ovale  ,  d'un  blanc  mat  ;  deux  varices  envelop- 
pant  tout  le  tour  de  la  coquille  ,  la  superieure  plus  mince  et 
se  confondant  avec  1'inferieure  du  cote  de  la  columelle  ;  spire 
courte  ,  couverte  en  partie  par  la  continuation  de  la  matiere 
vitree  des  deux  varices  ;  levre  formant  un  bourrelet  tres  pro- 
nonce  qui  donne  lieu  a  la  premiere  varice  ;  quatre  plis  tres 
forts  a  la  columelle  ,  les  deux  inferieurs  plus  rapproches  que 
les  autres. 

Long,  i  pouce.  Larg.  -y  lig. 

Habite  les  mers  du  Senegal  et  les  c6tes  de  Guinee. 

Cette  espece  commune  est  tres  remarquable  par  les  deux  varices 
qui  se  prolongent  le  long  du  bord  droit  et  cachent  la  spire  en  partie; 
elle  se  distingue  encore  par  sa  blancheur  eclatante.  Chez  les  jeunes 
individus  la  coquille  est  plus  l£gere  et  n'a  qu'une  varice. 


GENRE    MARG1NELLE.  2rf 

28.   MAKGIItfELLE  BORDEE     Maigmclla   cinclu  }  INuBis. 

(Collect.  MASS.) 
PI.  VIII,  fig.  3a. 

M.  testa  oblonga,  nilescente,  alba,  duabus  zonis  fulvis;  spiia  brevi  ;  labro  albo, 
varice  aurantio  ,  columella  quadripiicata. 

Coquille  oblonguc,  brillante,  blanchatre  ,  deux  zones  fauves 
peu  marquees  traversant  la  partie  superieure  du  dernier  tour 
de  spire  ;  levre  blanche  ;  bourrelet  d'un  jaune  orange  tres 
prononce  ,  se  prolongeant  tout  autour  de  la  coquille  jusque 
sur  la  spire  et  la  cachant  en  partie  ;  spire  courte  ;  quatre  plis 
a  la  columelle. 

Long,  ii  lig.  Larg.  5  lig.  1/2, 
Patrie  inconnue. 

Cette  espece  est  tres  distincte  de  la  precedente  par  sa  forme  qui 
estplus  alongee,  et  par  sa  varice  qui  est  unique  et  fortementcoloree. 

/    29.   MAHGINELLE  LO1MGUE  VARICE.  Marginella  longi 

LAM. 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)CHEMW.,  Conch.,  pi.  42,  fig.  4T7  — 

•  ni  •  fi-  -• 


M.  testa  ovalo-oblonga,  pallide  fulva  ,  maculis  albis  minimis  irregularibus  ads- 
persa;  duabus  vitlis  sub  nigris  transversis';  spira  brevissima  ;  labri  varice  longo  , 
usque  ad  apicemspirae  adoato,  luteo-iDaculalo  ;  columelia  quadriplicataj 

Coquille  ovale  ,  oblongue  ,  d'un  fauve  pale  ,  parsemee  de 
petites  taches  blanches  irregulierement  espacees;  deux  bandes 
brunes  transversales  pen  apparentes  ,  celle  du  milieu  plus 
prononcee  ;  spire  courte  ;  levre  formant  une  varice  qui 
se  prolonge  jusque  sur  une  partie  de  la  spire  ;  le  reste  de  la 
spire  est  reconvert  d'une  tache  roussatre  j  bourrelet  marque 


23  GENRE    MARGINELLE. 

transversalement  de  quatre  bandes  de  couleur  roussatre  ; 
une  tache  de  meme  couleur  existe  a  la  base  du  dernier  pli  ; 
quatre  plis  a  la  columelle. 

Long.  lolig.  Larg.  5  lig^  1/2. 
Habile  les  mers  du  Senegal.     ¥  }wt"  C^*^ 

Cetteespece  assez  rare  se  distingue  des  precedentes  par  son  bour- 
relet  moins  prononce  et  moins  prolonge  sur  la  spire  ,  et  par  sa  co- 
loration. 


QUATRIEME  GROUPE. 

SPIRE  OMBILIQUEE  ,  OUVERTURE  AUSS1    LONGUE  QUE  LA  COQUILLE 

I"  SECTION. 
V   50.   MARGINELLE  A  VELIKI    Marginella  aveilana,  LAM.  l^ 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  Encyclop. ,  pi.  377  ,  fig   5  ,  a ,  b. 

PI.  IV  ,fig.  1 8. 

M.  testa  ovata  ,  rufula ,  pallide  fulva ,  punctis  rufis  creberrimis  adspersa ;  spira 
concava;  labro  intus  crenulatoj  columella  octoplicata. 

Coquille  ovale  y  roussatre  ,  nuancee  de  falive ,  parsemee 
depetits  points  tres  nombreux  de  couleur  plus  foncee ;  spire 
concave ,  couverte  d'une  tacbe  brune  ;  levre  blanche  faible- 
ment  crenelee^  se  prolongeant  au-dessus  de  la  spire,,  et  for- 
niant  une  petite  echancrure  a  sa  reunion  avec  le  bord  gauche ; 
base  de  1'ouverture  echancree ;  huit  et  quelquefois  neuf  plis 
a  la  columelle. 

Long.  1 1  lig.  Larg.  6  lig, 

Habite  1'Ocean  Indien. 

Chez  les  jeunes  individus  les  points  sont  plus  espaces  etla  coquille 
est  entourec  de  trois  bandes  brunes  qui  se  prolongent  j  usque  sur  le 
bourrelet. 


GENRE    MARG1NELLE. 
31.  MARGXNEX.Z.E   TIGRINE    Marginella  persicula ,  LIMN  ,  GMEL. 

(Collect.  MASS,  LAM.)  LIST.,  Conch.,  t.  8o3,fig.  10. 


M.  testa  ovala,alba,  punctis  t,ubrubris  rotundalis  adpersa ;  spira  concava ; 
labro  intiis  crenulalo  j  columella  septemplicata. 

Coquille  ovale ,  blanche ,  couverte  de  points  rougeatres 
arrondis  ;  spire  concave  couverte  d'une  tache  brune ;  levre 
blanche  se  prolongeant  au-dessus  de  la  spire  et  formant  une 
petite  echancrure  a  sa  reunion  avec  le  bord  gauche  ;  ouver- 
ture  un  pen  arquee  dans  toute  sa  longueur,,  echancree  a  sa 
base ;  sept  plis  a  la  columelle. 

Long.  9  lig.  1/2.  Larg.  6  lig. 
Habitel'Ocean  Atlantique  austral  et  les  cotes  d'Afrique. 

Cette  espece  a  tantde  rapport  avec  la  precedente,  qu'il  est  bien 
difficile  de  Ten  distinguer;  elle  a  cependant  les  points  plus  larges  et 
un  peu  plus  espaces.  Nous  pensons  qu'on  ne  doit  la  considerer  que 
comme  une  variete  de  la  Marginelle  aveline. 


r   32.  MARGINELtE  RAYfiE.  Marginella  lineata  ,  LAM.  / 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.) LIST., Conch.,  t.  8o3,  fig.  9.       * 

V         U*'^M.  testaovatraTsubflava,  lineis  spadiceis  remotiusculis  prope  labrum  subramosis 
cinct3  ;  spira  concava^  labro  intus  strialo  ;  columella  snbseptemplicata. 

Coquille  ovale  >  jaunatre ,  couverte  de  lignes  transversales 
brunes  ou  rougeatres,  au  nombre  de  douze  a  quatorze ,  dis- 
tantes,  quelquefois  interrompues  et  formant  des  angles  aigus; 
spire  concave  ;  levre  blanche  finement  crenelee  interieurc- 
ment,  se  prolongeant  au-dessus  de  la  spire  et  formant  une 
petite  echancrure  a  sa  reunion  avec  le  bord  gauche  ou  il 


24  GENRE    MARGINELLE. 

existe  souvenl  un  depot  calleux  de  matiere  vitree;  six  phs  a 
la  columelle  qui  est  un  peu  arquee  dans  toute  sa  longueur. 

Long,  ao  lig.  Larg.  6  lig. 

Habile  les  rochers  de  Hie  de  Gorde  et  ceux  des  lies  du 
Cap-Vert. 

Cette  espece  singuliere  est  tres  remarquable  pav  ses  lignes  trans- 
versales  bien  distinctes. 

f      55.   MARGINELLE  PARQUETEE    Marginella  tessetlata,  LAM./^- 

(Collect.  MASS.,  LAM,)  CHEMN.,  Conch.  10  ,  t.  i5o,  fig. 

T"      i/  t 

if  PL   V,  fig.    20. 

M.  testa  parva  ,  obovata,  albida  ,  punctis  rufis  quadralis  transversis  seriatis 
tessellata  :  seriis  confertis;  spira  umbilicata ;  labro  intiis  crenulato;  columelia  plicis 
praecipuis  quinis  instruct,  supra  aliis  duobus  seu  tribus  ininimis. 

Coquille  petite,  ovale,  blanchatre;  des  laches  carrees 
roussatres,  presque  regulieres,  formant  des  lignes  transver- 
sales  assez  rapprochees ;  spire  ombiliquee;  ouverture  etroite; 
levre  bordee  exlerieuremenl  d'une  large  bande  longitudinale 
de  couleur  marron ,  legerement  crenelee  a  la  partie  interne ; 
des  plis  presque  tout  le  long  de  la  columelle ;  six  a  sept  plis 
assez  distincts,,  ravant-dernier  bifide  et  beaucoup  plus  gros 
que  tons  les  autres. 

Long.  7  lig.  Larg.  4  ^g«  J/2- 
Habile  1'Ocean  Indien. 

II  est  impossible  de  confondre  cette  jolie  petite  espece  avec  la 
precedente ;  la  coquille  parquetee  lui  donne  un  aspect  tout  par- 
ticulier. 


GENUE    MARGINE1.LE.  '2J 

/  34.  MARGINELLE  INTERROMPUE    Marginella  interrupt,  LAM. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  ADANSOW  ,  Voy.  au  Seueg.;  pl.i4>  fig«  5. 

PI.  V,  6g.  QI. 

M.  testa  parva,  obovata,  albida,  lineis  transversis  fuscis  confertissimis  interrup- 
tisque  ;  spira  umbilicata  ;  labro  intus  obsolete  crenulato  ;  columella  quadriplicata. 

Coquille  petite,  ovale  ,  blancbatre;  deslignestransversales 
brunes  ,  tres  nombreuses  et  interrompues  dans  tout  leur  tra- 
jet  j  spire  ombiliquee;  levre  faiblement  crenelee^  blanche  , 
se  continuant  jusqu'au  sommet  de  la  spire  ;  bourrelet  tres 
prononce  ;  des  plis  presque  tout  le  long  de  la  columelle  ,  cinq 
a  six  plis  plus  apparents  que  les  autres,,  Tavant-dernier  beau- 
coup  plus  gros. 

Long.  7  lig.  Larg.  4  lig. 

Habile  la  c6te  du  Senegal  et  Tile  de  Goree.   ^^'/^^ 

Cette  espece  varie  beaucoup  dans  sa  coloration;  quelquefois  ses 
stries  sont  tellement  interrompues  qu'elles  finissent  par  former  des 
ondulations  longitudinales;  souvent  aussi  se  montrent,  sur  de  cer- 
tains individus,  des  taches  brunes  plus  oumoins  grandes  qui  couvrent 
les  stries  en  partie,  et  qui  d'  autres  fois  sont  d'une  couleur  verdatre. 

i        58.  MARGINEX.X.E  ENCHAINEE.  Marginella  catenala  ,  MATO.I  ct 


MATON  et  RACKETT,  Trans.  Linn.  VIII,  pag.  i33. 
PI.  IX,  lig.  2*.  M- 

M.  testa  parva,  obovata,  oblonga,  subpellucida,  albida  ,  quaternis  vittis  albidis 
transversis;  punctis  oblongis  juoclis  cum  aliisparvulis  rufulis  ;  spira  vixcouspicuaj 
apertura  angusla;  labro  crasso  vix  crenulato  ;  columeM  quadriplicata. 

Coquille  petite  ,  ovale^oblongue,,  subtransparente  ,  blan- 
chatre  ;  quatre  bandes  transversales  d'un  blanc  opaque  ; 
de  petits  points  oblongs  joints  par  d'  autres  plus  petits  d'une 


26  GENRE    MARGINELLE. 

couleur  roussatre  forment  des  rates  tres  elegantes  sembla- 
bles  a  de  petites  chaines ;  spire  pen  marquee ;  ouverture 
etroite  j  levre  epaisse;  les  dentelures  pen  apparentes;  quatre 
plis  a  la  columelle^  les  deux  inferieurs  plus  prononces. 

Long.  3  lig.  Larg.  2  lig. 

Habile  la  bale  dc  Sairit-Auste  pres  Forvey  ,  c6tes  d'An- 
gleterre. 

Cette  petite  et  elegante  coquille  a  ete  decouverte  par  M.  Swain- 
son.  MM.  Maton  et  Rackett,  Font  decrite  dans  les  Transactions  de 
la  Societe  Linneenne  de  Londres,  tome  8,  page  i33.  La  description 
que  je  donne  de  cette  espece  est  tiree  de  cetouvrage. 

»'    36.   MARGINEX.I.E  MODCHETKE     Margindla  maculosa ,  NUBIS. 

(Collect.  deMracDupo]\T.) 

' 

PI.  IX,fig.4e.^ 

M.  tesU  parva  ,  ovat& ,  d/aphana  ;  parvulis  maculis  albis  et  subflavis,  aliis  ma- 
culismajoribus  per  duas  fascias  transversas  dispositis;  spira  umbilicata;  labro  laevi ; 
plicis  columelloe  octonis. 

Coquille  petite^  ovale^  diaphane,,  couverte  de  petites  taches 
blancbes  et  fatives;  des  taches  plus  gran  des  et  plus  foncees 
forment  deux  bandes  autour  de  la  coquille  ;  spire  ombili- 
quee ;  levre  lisse  5  huit  plis  a  la  columelle ,  les  inferieurs 
plus  apparents. 

Long.  5  lig.  Larg.  3  lig. 

Patrie  inconnne. 

Cette  jolie  petite  espece  se  fait  remarquer  par  sa  coloration  lege 
rement  teintee  de  blanc  et  de  fauve  et  sa  transparence  beaucoup 
plus  prononcee  sur  le  dos  de  la  coquille.  * 


GENRE    MARGINELLE.  27 

Y      57.   MARGINELLE   MIGlfONNE     Marginclla  pulchella  ,   NOD  is. 

(Collect.  MASS.)  CATAL.  de  Wood,  pi.  19,  fig.  53. 
PI.  IX.  fig.  40. 

M.  testa  parva  ,  ovato-oblonga,  albida,  lineb  undulalis  rufulis;  maculisoblongis 
tt  curvis  per  tres  series  transversas  interruptas  digestis;  spira  umbilicata;  labro  in- 
tiis  laevij  columella  quadriplicata. 

Coquille  petite  ,  ovale  ,  oblongue  ,  blanchatre  ,  avec  des 
lignes  roussatres  et  onduleessur  toute  la  coquille  5  des  laches 
plus  foncees  ayant  1'apparence  de  petits  croissants  et  formant 
troisbandestransversalesinterrompues  qui  entourent  le  der- 
nier tour  ;  spire  ombiliquee  ;  levre  lisse  ;  quatre  plis  a  la 
columelle. 

Long.  3  lig.  Larg,  2  lig. 

Patrie  inconnue. 

x 

Cette  petite  espece  figuree  dans  Wood  sous  lenom  deMonilis,  a 
et6  confondue  par  plusieurs  auteurs  avec  la  Marginelle  grain  deriz. 
Elle  s'en  distingue  par  ses  lignes  ondulees  sur  toute  la  coquille,  et 
par  les  trois  bandes  transversales  sur  le  dernier  tour  de  spire. 

• 
IIe  SECTION, 

FA.ISANT    LE    PASSAGE    AUX    PORCELAINFS. 


58.   MARGIKTELLE    DE    BELL  ANGER.    Marginella  JJellangeri, 


(Collect.  MASS.)  KNORR.,  4e  partie,  pi.  27,  fig.  i. 

PI.  IX,  fig.  43. 

M.  tesla  maxima  ,  oblonga  ,  subcylindracea  ,  isabella  ;  striis  longitudinalibus 
albidis  vix  conspicuis;  spira  concava  ;  labro  albo  inlus  lacvi;  aperlura  rufo-fulva  , 
varice  maximoel  rufo;  columellu  quadriplicata. 

Coquille  tres  grande,  oblongue,  subcylindriqiic  ,  d'une 


28  GENRE    MARG1NELLE« 

couleur  isabelle  uniforme;  des  stries  longitudiiiales  d'uiic 
couleur  blanchatre  et  pen  prononcees  sur  toute  la  coquille  ; 
spire  concave  et  reconvene  de  matiere  vitree  ;  levre  interne 
blanche  et  lisse ;  I'interieur  de  la  coquille  d'un  roux  fauve  ; 
bourrelet  tres  prononce  et  roussatre ;  quatre  plis  a  la  co- 
lumelle. 

Long.  3  polices  4  lig-   Larg.  i   pouce  6  lig. 
Patrie  inconnue, 

Plusieurs  auteursont  appele  cette  grandeet  belle  espece,  Bullata; 
mais  ce  nom  nepeut  lui  etre  conserve ,  car  Lamarck  a  dejanomme 
ainsi  une  autre  Marginelle  de  la  meme  section :  c'est  pour  cette  rai- 
son  que  nousavons  donne  a  celle  que  nous  venons  de  decrire  le  nom 
de  M.  Bellanger,  capitaine  de  fregate ,  qui  le  premier  a  fait  connaitre 
cette  coquille  en  France. 

39.  MARGINELLE   DACTTZ.E.  Marginella  daclflus  ,   LAM.  (0,442-* 

(Collect.    MASS.  LAM.) 
Pi.  IV,  fig.  iff. 

M.  testa oblonga,  angusta,subtereti,  griseo-JFulva;  apioeobluso;  apertura  angusla; 
labro  intus  laerigato ;  columella  quinqueplicata- 

Coquille  oblongue ,  cylindrique ,  d'une  couleur  uniforme, 
d'un  blanc  roussatre  5  spire  non  apparente^  recouverte  par  le 
bord  de  la  levre  qui  la  depasse ;  ouverture  etroite ;  bourre- 
let assez  fortement  prononce ;  cinq  plis  a  la  columelle. 

Long.  1 1  lig.  Larg  4  lig» 
Patrie  inconnue. 

(]ette  espece  est  bien  distincte  de  la  precedente  par  sa  laillc  infi 
niment  plus  petite  et  sa  forme  plus  cylindrique. 


GENRE    MARGINELT.E.  2C) 

40.  MARGZNELZ.E   BUL^EE     Marginella  bnllala  .  ****>  &&AJ 

(Collect  MA*n  *TiAM  )  Kimfmj  Yorg.  /je  part  t«  i~rSj  fi(rv  T, 
pi.  IV,  fig.  1  5. 

M.  testa  ovato-oblonga1  ,  cylindracea"  ,  albido-grisea*  ,  fasciis  crebris  anguslis 
rubro-lividis  cincta1  ;  spiral  obtus^j  labrocrasso  ,  albo;  columella  quadriplicata. 

Coquille  ovale  ,  subcylindrique  ,  blanchatre  ,  entoiiree  de 
lignes  etroites  et  tres  rapprochees^  formant  souvent  des  bandes 
et  souvent  aussi  des  carres  irregiiliers  d'un  cendre  roussatre  ; 
les  interruptions  de  ces  bandes  forment  des  lignes  longitudi- 
nales  qui  sont  tantot  blanches  ,  tantot  de  la  couleur  des  ban- 
des transversales  qui  paraissent  etre  le  resultat  de  Taccrois- 
sement  ;  levre  blanche^  epaisse^  qui  prend  en  s'elargissant  sur 
le  dos  de  la  coquille  une  couleur  d'un  roux  h'vide  ,  et  se  pro- 
longe  jusque  sur  la  spire  qu'elle  couvre  completement  ;  ou- 
verture  aussi  longue  que  la  coquille  ,  etroite  dans  sa  partie 
superieure;  quatre  plis  a  la  columelle. 

Long,  u  lig.  Larg.  5  lig.  i/a. 
Habile  FOcean  Indien. 

Cette  espece  se  distingue  principalement  par  1'elafgissement  dela 
levre  versle  dosde  la  coquille,  et  par  sa  coloration  d'un  cendre  rous- 
satre et  quelquefois  bleuatre. 

/  4t.   MARGINED  LE  CORNEE    Marginella  cornea,  LAM.  Wt 


(Collect. 

PI.  IV,  fig.  17. 

M.  testa  ovato-oblong5,  nitida,  albido-grisea  ,  zonis  tribus  transversis  obscure 
auranliisj  spir5  umbilicald  ;  labroalbo  intus  vix  crenulato;  columella  septemplicata. 

Coquille  ovale  ,  oblongue  ,  brillante  ,  d'un  blanc  cendre  ; 


3o  GENRE    MARGINELLE. 

irois  bandes  transversales  d'une  couleur  orangee  obscure  • 
spire  ombiliquee ;  levre  blanche  faiblement  crenelee  interieu- 
rement  y  se  prolongeant  un  peu  au-dessus  de  la  spire  et  la 
cachant  en  partie ,  sept  plis  a  la  columelle  ;  les  superieurs 
moins  apparents. 

Long.  1 1  lig.  Larg.  6  lig. 

Patrie  inconnue. 

Cetteespece>  peu  commune,  se  distingue  tresbien  de  laprecedente, 
parce  qu'elle  est  un  peu  plus  ventrue  et  par  son  apparence  cornee  j 
les  sept  plis  de  sa  columelle  la  font  encore  aisement  remarquer;  tres 
adulteelledevient  plus  blanchatre  et  moins  transparente. 

42.   MARGINELLE   CO  UN  ALINE    Margindla  sarJa ,  NOBIS. 

(Collect.  MASS.) 
PI.  IV,  fig.  42. 

M.  Testa  globulosa,  subrubra^  tribus  zonis  transversis  ;  spira  umbilicata  ;  labro 
luteo,  intus  quatuordecim  denlibus  maxime  perspicuis ;  columela  quadriplicata. 

Coquille  globuleuse^  d'une  couleur  rougeatre  claire  et 
transparente  avec  trois  zones  transversales  plus  foncees  y 
celle  du  milieu  plus  coloree ;  spire  ombiliquee ;  levre  jaune 
garnie  a  la  partie  interne  de  quatorze  dents  tres  prononcees  ; 
bourrelet  jaune  tres  apparent  partant  du  sommet  de  la  spire 
qu'il  cache  presque  entierement  et  se  prolongeant  sur  la 
base  de  la  columelle  j  une  tache  de  couleur  marron  a  cha- 
que  extremite  du  bourrelet ;  quatre  plis  a  la  columelle. 

Long.  7  lig.  Larg.  4  lig.  1/2. 
Patrie  inconnue. 

Celte  jolie  espece  est  tres  reinarquable  par  sa  forme  globuleuse 
et  les  dentelures  de  la  levre  qui  sont  tres  prouoncees  et  qui  lui 
donnent  1'aspect  d'une  petite  Porcelaine;  c' est  aussi  pour  cetteraison 
que  nous  1'avons  placee  a  la  fin  du  genre,  car  elle  forme  le  passage 
des  Marginelles  aux  Porcelaines. 


/<•/'  /<v,t.,/'    Qjb  .  .•  ,  /VV/i  ;>'.-•   n  -      «••/,<  •  ./ 

(/<  '   jujifittiKwfvw         <«  •'  /••          ',         AJC^K^/. 

1lj<   >    /^/</.         g^M      */  M&     d  &H    Y    ,     Q/144&6-  '  ,   <•> 

'  ' 

(,'•.<>./<     it  <{i<<',     c       ^     «-t     <(.<«'<    ,         tK.      ( 

/  <t  "  //>' 

./'  I        f.     '  (          '••  ''  /Vr     ,      /, 

. 

'         rAt^4       ,O-v     ,'         '<  1  <<,:<,  1  (,\       ^-/•{<     -.(',  ',<.       l 

li«n<^      tfopu,  ffc34*Ct{l     >      /,'/*,       fdtil***     /V,/r     /M  ,;  , 

.£  ,         ^    r.//  ;/    /«,'  /    , 

K,   ,       ./-!,//;       ^TSt       tVuUt*          '/f^t       (Jin*       <><•  •     n  .     r////.  .  //,v,  ., 


,-!,; 

/ 

<     1  /    '•       /  n/stf-    y\      fw      '?/<    r 
? 


_i  / 


t<       (ft'  '•'•       '        • 
/     /  ,  ,    / 

tff     /U/r/  p     ".       A<  /'^,  (/,  ^ 


/ 

n 

'    • 


.'     /U^ii     Wi*4*4(  tti'r        ,/;^^.'<',     /  ,       /„•       '    < 
' 


•         •  "  /     / 

<  '  '          . 


<          ('      I        l'f  ,</<<,,    ,./{,:  S(      -  //  f,fe.  '  ^  ^  (itM'J 


A     t4      "•  /    I         /(    , 


/  ,  '  '/  /  /  //'," 

't  j  »    t  ( .<•>,     {  ii  (  .  Ku**\  ,  r/£4fa    ffvnSa      >'f<  r  •  1-  t  '   '  n<J 

/     i  •/        /•>       '/•  f 

(<  (<j      {{<*(„      '•  '<••'  (<  ( i  .''.</       (f . /:/,  /  <«f'  <    -,  '  li     '        <  r  (dim  ±1  ><s     (  tt<f/'rf 

/  r  r 

f     c,  /'<f,-<      ,.ii  IMA  A  ;      I'cuOiA  ni  f«t!         <  ir    i    '.>•><.      i  .  ''/, 

^</;(.    /(';        •      ,''•    /V<  /f1'    ^''          4'       '  ^<  ^'         /     ifi^>, 

/ 

/('.'<  /      V      ,        //^  ,       -A       /, 

^  •  „     / 


-/_^_f_t.    M  '  '    '<  '    C     /   '  •     '     .         /<.'.•••<'.  ,     ~  '  '    '  •  |       ,.  .    '    ,        </' 

•  ' 


*ffi  :    J«1-t  :  i  "{<*>./«   ,'    (O  f 


•     / 

,        i'    '    t    ' 


.    ff,  .-',  '(^      ,  ?L,   ,A      ./Cr^.    /    /;          ,  '    -          /(  /;  ,(l  ,     ,  <  /, 

/",,-,     "'(..  -          .       •    ^    .   .  '   ,,        ',  .  .    ,    (  (d  , 

A  QT.  «   (,  <c<       f(  4W*\,\Ct,[<_\_   ,     /  '     '  ,/>S, 


"'     *  /'/"'../  "X. 

f  V,  /       ^f,          >,{f,<,{(ifi  !     -y    c,   f«M    l,   4<<   -Jl<   '         <VT/V  (/     . 

//     /       "'      /         '       //     •  //         '    '      •' 

r  "    '•;     '  ••  '.!   "/" <Y"     ; *-/•*'  ^ 


'(  •       < 


/          t<->'l\ 
«UC«J       .'/''/A--     ,/^"/«<r/r?      /oftn/         ,  \ifff  (     (A  tl  l('i  t 

'          /  r  '  '    ^ 

,   /'«  /   <       -Ao      /i,V/-y 

<-  J.H.K1 


/  /     ' 

0      r/        ^       '»<•  /ffit,  »         ii  f-r,  /<>'-</.        «y       ,    /'«  /   < 

\}(n:<<      /a'!.*     ."•.         '^Iv/.  •     /     >/f<((<-  J.H.K 


ti'Q    <i.«t\«<>l*     Jbkti^ 


,      V-A01     «/f- 


•^ f          !«:  i  (&  , 


A   Uu;  i',    .'(,// 


'  7 


/ 

C<_M.  ,  ,       Tf<  /     C/<         ^//  ,-•'•'/         '''«<,,      c'/V   '«  <J~<fA.      (n        f  ,    ,   ,,  ,  , 

X  /  /  • 

/!<,V      <    •   •<   /         ^        f>tn  .<[(/«(,          (/        A       (Yf./Vu,/       jfajXAJt*  ,  ti) 


a 


•"  /*   » 

i  /  /*  \  *^~      ^  i 

'ff  Hff    ,.    ~/<_^('r<       /'f«'f~    i' /((*''  y  fx  y'y      /"/  f/(.  0(O(        ('/  ;'  i  /  'i^V/        i 
-  >'(<;  /-/^  tl-t  "if         C  <?/t  Ci    u    ^       ,\  4t    i    '  **T  C/         4  < l/l  L'C*          <.(!  d          <  (  !  ff<  <t  '   < 

/  ,      / '      /   ;  '  \ 

y     ,         /  / 

^  -  A-  /.<•  c,av(at     ,         •/      /i y  <  A     /     W  -v/  -' , 


/•/«     o        j        t//./' rVi '"  ..' r<'^^ /•  <  '?<m,     c-/      (,/         /'•//       j'*hf       {- 


'  '  / 

/>  !   /     •  ''    ,  \ 

<V     \       TV^''-''"        &*    "  fy^    <'!'(•         A  .  •'  /         - 

\.  /         '/        >v  X 

/<•/"    .•  .c      f  .  •  • '  •         Xy          "  -     ft  N.  ,/.  H,H) 


/       •      .    '  -,    ,        ,  -/    / 

^  i y  f : ' '  (A_a  /  ,    •  >     ffv 

•  f     n  ' 


it       -  ••<••  <     , 

/       / 

'  *      < .  f 


f<  ,':<(  -• 

/!  /v  /  /        ^  /' 

n\1i<*  <   ((   IK.  (  (<  '.<      ,       (-f(\,r-        :  •ili,       i     f<<(,<          '<<      ••  '    ,  ,      ., 

\4IVK          .:<<>  ••?>./(     '    <<><(,<,.,  ((,,       /i       t  (<     ,/,  :       '^.,,/.      /    fa 
*  ,  ),  ' 


T6Jt 


( /,  / 

/'"      «    //<  'f    (>.  ,        Ctuf)  -,        '(   '«-«i,^i<    , 


,; 

CM*,        //<;    trTZZi      -^^^       //<'• 


/  /  I       /'   /  /  / 

Wtf     /f  '  M  <  S*Wl4.          i*.<<oL<i       />'         C#1\Ah&U4*0t£tt      n   if  i       t   /^  ,       ,  /.    '• 

/f               av{.  y       A<v/        f^f'"    f/            Jt+Jfr-             r/^~ 

•~ 

c'       '•             '  f    ''y         /    ""       t«J    '/rtv/  /      C<T*4  f  '       "       .'/t^      ^  t7  /'  '  ' 

/  /  .1  .      /  , 

7A<  i/      •<(.,-  /•  -  '( 


I 


±jL.('J..((f''.  'I'  '  ''  •'  '  ^"'  ''   ' 

7        '/'/•/'" 
<f  ///  t/stti'fr  '  ,' 

/ 


.^     Wfifa  ,    t/fA,Wf<.««  f     i  ft  /   ', 


'    "  /       / 

,  0#*    '    .'      \a>9W    i    •  v    >< 


t'/v  <'/,'•  f.        * 


4-    ''i«.i< 

y 
/'  r 


u 


(<  <c     '< 


/>•'; 

'(     •  /     "    /'         /,  ///  (   ,  //,,,,        ^v/rr,^,.;.       ,<,  l{ 

/  /  /  / 

M/  k       (  '  -        («•     >f.      _•      >n  I,'         i  ''".,•".  ,    i 

'    ''     i    !<    •     <•  '1  '  •    >  ' c  '__?_><«    -    W\AtH9+'   ''i'l:r.i.'       /&,(!<('!•         -    r    ,  r- f,  /,    //Y/YN   <    ,    l-i'<    /,< 

'  '  /'  V  .         /  ' /    ' 

'<><  ''f  ,      /,'f;  -•>  ^  /  f.  (\-   .    rt»  ,-  /-  <%  .-,  ;  A//    -   n  (  \-f     '    }(U\fl        ('n  <>.'•:    t     ;      /, 
/        /  /  Iff  '  f 

•  »  'u      '<*'.«,       A  '.  '<»  '(/•?'•  .'  c^vo**u  '  ^"       -^       ^'   •    •      '.',-.'••  ft". 

A   /     /t;  i          /      '    ,    /  '»    ,       ,   r/!      /   »         -'UC^/A  ,  ^o(Xi4u<   f''{if^,/f,   //iF?        >'.  i* /t 
'      /  /  /    - 

fC4<!rl  tic-      (f< /t\  .^4  ?' .-1  <rt  t     ft-  •    ,j  , 

'     '  i  I      ^        .///,,„,     ,        ('r^rj/ 

/      /  •/ 

An-    ,<.'<-.         .•  /     ;  ,•  •  ..       ,,    tvcu/rf     {,*     toutL 

Lt-wTd     ! 


i 


*  .  > .  , 

/ 

.i/      /<,        1,1,  ,  ,  ./-/.''.  ;<       ££j, 

'/  '  // 

^/r  f  r.        /•         •  <   ^  '  •  •       '  '  r<  - 


v          A 

£/ft  ,    -/o-«,,     c/esJ/r,     .   u 


' 


r*  (r/  ,  Cti/.lhrfA  V 

/,     A/, 

(t1«(ft(    /    "fCT:       -•'(,<<  (^    ,        j'<->(\      (ff.y          UTflt/  *wi/fc|/;     c)- 

!t<Jf'<     I     <    *•/  ?<  I  •<{.((*          /'fill        I  t<f:.«  \.ltft..    ,       A         ;'i(«   (,'<(.,      4>fjHwh     5  /'•     (l 


' 


'  .  /r/"'/ 

,        t.Jt'd/j  *•/    L-7.-C  i<jiq,<t-L  , 

I  / 


' 

-"         /  •  >  > 

«V/  I'M'  <*  /(    V  r    ,    /     M  f  ,  >         ,    '    6  u"    ,'    (  r»  /  /•   "...   f'  '  f  *•  '     /V   •      '  ^'        '     ,      *Q%UAr&   5 


(  flfifttSl"  V 

.      C  ^  '  (n  ffdcj    tr* 


f'       r        f  '    *  / 

f_i        <  <  '    •  f  t  <  f .    ->f  ,      r  '/,-,•'     i  i   ,  'M       C  \:  riln          ( '•    M  '  /  <  c«  v-f     ,       /<</•<. 

((  /<  .       (  //      ' .  <  .    ,      //,,'/;  '  r.        ^  i  )  t/jf  ( f<  I  f  f,   ,  •  fj't      jfl/l\£U 

I  "  /       /  /'  /  '     /        /         7      /^ 

n  v-;/  ./.i.  .  //<?,•<   a>*44tAfa     *((n    ,     1,1  /"<    cKjbfAAA    (j'«j 

I  /-  /  /    / 

/h         •          '     ,   nn-*i>i>  '«    ,    «•<«}      £/Uti<Xa>U  ,     rrf  <  ••  '  r<«  - 

/ 

fl(c, ,    J(     ;(<(-«/<(,  ^cii.ifi     7    \< ... 

/<   J,,     /^,    //,     /J    /,          , 

*//;  /\  , 


^\.         \    .    \-  /y     \ 

K  V    '/r.y/  1  ,  .  tv"  ,    (  -A---AfAl 


hft  ii'tf  -•  ,    - 
^ 


i  (r^<jr<  (•>(.,    /'  f  -''<,,       J.in.     <  <<  ;''(  ,t  '<'. 

IHJLVM0M+4U        ''Y;<M  ((<','«'  <rn  ','  A&Jnti    (Jj^J 


'' 
t    4+*#C4vU4   «  (  (;u 

!^>'f( 


M0M+4U  t      ''Y;<M     (<', 
r  (  r  /r  ^  UtZo  /     M\&A*&(/j& 


t 


A  HM     /'/,  /y,         //, 

(?->('  '        <     J!<f<((l..       -        SC        /^'  <-  ,f       ,        '<'«;../..<«       , 

/I  /M,     ,        ,    ,   '^  '  •  I    //^  V,f  /f  ,          /•  ''   /.;        /'  f,  «  «  -    r  .       ,   j       ,;  ,    /'         ,'  ,.          .   >,  ,  r  ,.  (  "(  S 


*1       f    <      ?<'/     ,  '/          /t1  >.**,.'•       Arr(          /-c,^iZ/       V  ' 

',r  /       U/W  ?  ^'.        ^  .     '      '  < 


/ 

f       <f1*>  (/ 


/  ff         '     -'M 


'       f  Or         l/^'r'        -r  Au/,  ,--Vff<.  ,,   f^/ 


/,/, 


^  ^'  /  •  r^  *          '  ' .  Kff\ 

•'(  6  f- ,     /        i  ,/ , 


7,  .  (  ^   '  y  /<r ,  .',•-/  ,,/„,  //j/f 


v      ' 

^  ^  •  c  i  («  l<M< 


/  'v  "          /    »   A  /. 

(t<<«((\;(n    /    a4,4nc(<--  <"<.'<  .«ccr«.   ,       //««t    </r,y      ' 
/         ,  ,     ,  /  -V 

//f^v  ,'<  «-/.'<?.-,  ^f»      /r<^     fr^oe^Urtc',    A-'i(«, 


u{ctftcM<-d^  •  *>** 
7-  <M     /<  £r    ; 

^^^iJL^^^   •  ';    ''    ^rf^''  .  ^  w  .  6,^^    tf.-J 

fawdd&Ji       <&ti<k4*K**    /-'  ^Y<'//    (J4iMjh    ,'£  ,  f   ? 


v    Z  fitful  (i.   .     fitt&MV*    VXM&       li.lntn.  i     ,    I'  (  <        ;       'r  '(<///  /<ef)f'(fff 

/A/»   ,  -r//vV     ;  irirfu**  ;    f<t'f/':«t    frtL/i 

<    ^afifa  '  • '  7'  - '  &  u  -  iJtde^l  ;  to^i  X/-  /v- 

' 


'  ^'"*l    •    '    *?£     /    /(<'r'     f ',  ^     ^     "    '  '    ^^'^ 

/''<.-/    /'       '     /'f<,-(  /    r1/'^,;,,    ;    M '-    /A^    -*•//"?    ; 
/  •  '  / 

//r.      ,  t  t'S  ;  :,.  (<,,n<<  ,',     //-/((< 


//    J  >    .  .  /' 

jiu    <'    '     <n<c.Ml.L  __  L'J^  .?*/./•/  ''  '"  '     ^'r-'  •    '< 


»  / 

,      // 


. 
'/'<      Ic66"      Cdl     /•  <  -  ,     ,/,.-.     'A;       /,,.:<-/-  .;/' 

6    •'   •      •    •  ',''••     (*+j4t4&     9ulv+  {,'!><<     '  (  i  -f  f  *      i       '• 

'c  ,   /i/<i  ,-,<,'<'<•,    (4<<(<j  '  ,f<    ,'     r<Y/  ,,..!<•• 

p  '  fl  $ 

\         <{({><. 

,  /  '   /v/>/';«'     /  '. 


jto*    jf$A*fl{        //r,     ../  /  ii-t/ffA     , 


(*< 


l    '•     '    <<""<  >       V. 


kuMM***..     /VtAArtJ,     ,fr'C<c«tl4    «(t't.j 

'     i  L 

'        ' 


/r<     ,'     (ft 

''"  +  /  /^ 

r  i  f  •  /r  ^1  U«5  ,     «'  -tf  /A  Yf  <.  /;  ,<Xrt/ 

W&MH4+    r(>  •:,«»/.     //•-''/,     't/  ,//'-, 
A   r\  /u       /  /,  /y,      /^  //, 

W/1  •      A"',/,       -       7/.         /A''  /'       ..<;,,,       ,         K+*+t+£/<* 

*kj(t  tnj:,  /-  <,«,,,,.  ,j  ,.  /x  ,,.  '„<    <<  c^ 


+4 

'  /  / 


/I 


,;. 


I  ' 

^•^    •    /  '    ^<V    ,        ?       «;1-?t-      A»-r(      fe**/    *'    </     i  /^<  -ir-ifnM  ,    <flr-        (/ 


/  /  / '     / 

•if  /.       U/ti    '  '  t  f(  .     (    <'< 

s-  • 

fj     h#i     r  flft" •<    (^     r  '  f 


ft'       -t 


/  -i.^Jl  ///^u'  '    ^  ^^'.       r(  w  ,  , 

Y    •       /  ,/, 


t  j       .    /     .      '     -  /'•       ;  /<-r  ,  .',.r/,    ,-,     , 


_ 


v   ,      ft/t 


/}•'<   M,    C<ffi4ui 

—fir" 


//, 


X       ^      '''     '-^   ' 


i 


If    f 

7't\    .    (f(f1f/fkfj{t\      «1(J*'<(i  /        .  A       ,     /        /   ,  '.     /     ,/     i    /{I,    f<</f r> 
1 


/.'»      i 


>        ,     .  I  ,'<<<(<, 

/,     '  / 

I    0    'i.  /^  iJl-tfJtri'   [    ( 

,,       //       /      x 

/  / ,     txZO.      Y1  '/f  r.f/oi    , 


'       -     '      / 

'  .      f  >»•'  /'    '  rrr  r£ 

/ 

I*1/  / ' 

_/_. (_  (_'_, /_/;^     //, 


;  n  / 


(  ,,<j/     >    ,  >/ 


(  OAS  4 , 


f    ,< 


f      /^.,,f 
/ 

/  / 
.  /(.  ^//M  ( *  <• 

0 


; 


,  f  '  f«  (i  \>r,  ; 


j,  /A  / 


,     _N     •,.  •     /. 

IS   <  <r«yw  i     /      •' 

' 


<  6  /  J/tiJ 

/    / 

<.    r/fx   t  ' 


'•       '    /  /  V;..    ,        (V   ,,,,,..         ,  K/^,      /,,//^,)   ,       /,/, 

•  /:.  ,,,,,>/,  ^  L. 
u 


'  I  /r  f  'X 


^     /a  (&Jb^  ,  Mjtttv  .,.,'  /  A  ,/,  /,  ^'7/  k '  '  '/^          / 

/  S^XA  Wic**^  ffiAstjw**  i&j .  ^9^  -r^.  / 

.   5        /      r/;  r  <          *         .  ";/,    UfJS 


, ,//,/ ,  fjt, 


/    ?.^.»f 


/ 
^<';^. /.//-?,  r.//^, 

y 


/^V\  .        ,  ,  /,.       <    ''  ,  .  .  ' 

X/  '<'      /•     •      X     ,     /./    /    /.^       /  A* 


/ 


''<,  f ,  -,-^, 

/r^ 


fir 


N. \UC.I.\KU.KS 


.    M. 


'*&. 


4  .  M .  Blcnatrc  . 


3.    M.   Nubeculeo 


/>  fltl/t If/If/  /'f/l.l-f/  f/  /)t/-?<t'l/ . 


5.    M.    ciaq-plia  • 
G.    Al.   (ralonnoe. 


•   J\osc 


7.    M. 
fi.   M. 


, 

£/«~* 


/».    flnnt*/,-/ 


MARGtNELLKS 


/;;. 


/.y. 


jj- 


*> 


\ 


•( 


io  •  M  •  double    variee  . 


n.  M.  Opantvec 


ii> .   .M.   lomvue     variee 
i3.  M.  F, :--' 


14.   M.    Moiicho   . 


PL.  4 


16. 


I 


VI.    Buller.  £«^ 
Al.   J)aolvle.   v 


17.  M.  Conieo. 

18.  M.    Aveliue 


&~ 


MA1VG1NKLLES 


PI  .  :> 


21.  M.   mterrompue  . 

22.  M.  l\av<V . 


m 


M  MUHM.U.KS 


»3. 


20.  if.  a   Collier.     •''•'• 
•24,    M.  trrain    d  < 


5.  M.  g-i-ain  do    M< 
(i     .M.   o-raiu  do  Mil 


.   bis  Al.  cri-ain  do    Mil    vai-u' 


MA1U1IM.I.I.KS 


Pi 


t 


M    (V\(ianson 

M.   llolinaliur  Mt44-* 

3i:    M. 


29.    M.    Ooodall 

5O  .   M.    Haorou 

/ 


33 


' 


t 


3a.    M.     Ori'ler  . 

53.   M.    IVpin.         JAC"*"' 

34  .   M  .    Donovan  , 


35-      M.    Elegante. 

~ 
3(>.     M.     Olivr.   fK** 


3y  .    M.    SiHonnoo. 


f.  Jfnnif'ni/   ftn.fi/  ft  &vf.re'f  . 


38.    M.    Comaline.   4<Vtci*. 
3t).     M.   Mouohoioo  .    ^tvt/W*/ 
4o.     M.   AUjvnonne  .^ 

7^   fluni.'m'f  A/i.rr'S 


fa  ,     M.    Eixcliainee 

42.     M      Porlo 

43  .    JVt  .    de  Bellancr  . 


GENERAL    SPECIES 


AND 


ICONOGRAPHY 


OF 


RECENT    SHELLS, 


COMPRISING 


THE    MASSENA    MUSEUM, 

THE  COLLECTION  OF  LAMARCK,  THE  COLLECTION  OF 

THE  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY,  AND  THE 

RECENT  DISCOVERIES  OF  TRAVELLERS. 


BY  L.  C.  KIENER, 

CURATOR    OF    THE    COLLECTIONS    OF    THE    PRINCE    MASSENA,    MEMBER    OF    THE 

NATURAL   HISTORY    SOCIETY    OF    FRANCE,    ATTACHE    TO    THE 

MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HI9TORYOF  PARIS,   ETC.,  ETC. 


TRANSLATED  FROM  THE  FRENCH 


BY  D.    HUMPHREYS   STORER,  M.  D. 


BOSTON: 

WILLIAM    D.     TICKNOR. 
1837. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1837,  by  WILLIAM  D. 
TICKNOR,  in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  District  of  Mas- 
sachusetts. 


FREEMAN      AND      BOLLKS 
Printers Washington  Street. 


GENUS   BUCCINUM,    LINNAEUS. 


THE    BUCCINUM. 

Generic  character.  Shell  ovate  or  ovate-conical.  Aper- 
ture longitudinal,  sometimes  subrounded,  deeply  emarginated 
at  its  base,  and  without  canal.  Columella  simple,  not  flat- 
tened, swollen  above,  and  oftened  covered  with  a  wide  and 
flattened  calcareous  callosity,  of  more  diaphanous  substance. 
There  sometimes  exists  a  fold  at  the  base  of  the  columella. 
Right  lip  quite  thin,  oftentimes  recurved,  and  forming  a  margin 
on  the  exterior ;  operculum  horny,  unguiform,  of  subconcen- 
tric  elements,  and  oftentimes  marginal. 

Testa  ovata  vel  ovato-conica ;  apertura  longitudinalis,  aliquando  subro- 
tundata,  fortiter  basi  emarginata;  canali  nullo;  superne  turgida;  labrum 
tenue,  aliquand6  recurvatum  et  marginatum ;  opercula  cornea  unguifor- 
mis,  elementis  subconcentricis,  et  seepe  marginalis. 

Animal  oval,  the  foot  almost  always  considerable,  shielded 
or  two-lobed  before,  emarginated  behind,  bearing  an  opercu- 
lum ;  mantle  simple,  provided  with  a  branchial  siphon,  pro- 
jecting, thick,  very  long  and  dorsal,  issuing  from  the  emargi- 
nation  at  the  base  of  the  shell.  Head  rather  thick,  furnished 
with  two  conical,  middling-sized  tentaculae,  supporting  the 
eyes  upon  the  outer  side,  (sometimes  the  eyes  do  not  exist, 
but  this  case  is  extremely  rare).  Mouth  provided  with  a 
retractile  trunk,  armed  with  hooks.  Sexes  separate  ;  the  ex- 
citing organ  of  the  male  considerable,  without  an  exterior 
furrow  at  its  base. 

Buccinum.  A 


2  GENUS     BUCCINUM. 

This  genus,  originally  established  by  Linnaeus,  comprised  so 
large  a  number  of  shells,  and  so  intimately  allied  to  each  other, 
that  the  authors  who  first  attempted  to  separate  and  class  them, 
could  not  do  it  without  difficulty.  Bruguiere  was  the  first  to  be- 
gin a  great  reformation  in  this  genus ;  but  remaining  incom- 
plete, his  work  was  left  to  be  finished  by  Lamarck ;  and  it  is  to 
that  illustrious  philosopher,  always  clear  and  exact  in  his  classi- 
fication, that  we  finally  owe  the  accurate  arrangement  of  the 
shells  of  the  genus  which  we  are  about  to  describe.  He  dis- 
tributed a  great  number  of  them  into  different  genera ;  the  re- 
mainder still  presented  difficult  distinctions.  Lamarck,  in  his 
examination,  has  had  reference  only  to  the  shell,  and  especially 
to  the  very  distinct  emargination,  without  canal,  at  its  base, 
which  is  particularly  remarkable.  Lamarck,  whose  comprehen- 
sive and  lucid  glance  so  readily  seized  upon  the  mutual  rela- 
tions of  genera  to  each  other,  found  the  NASSA  and  the  BUCCI- 
NUM so  similar,  that  he  has  reunited  them  in  his  last  work, 
establishing  only  a  simple  division  between  them. 

Under  the  genus  NASSA  are  comprehended  species  generally 
rather  small,  the  aperture  more  rounded,  having  a  wide  and 
flattened  callosity  upon  the  columella,  sometimes  almost  entirely 
covering  the  shell.  Lately,  M.  Q,uoy  has  studied  the  particular 
conformation  of  the  animals  of  the  NASS^:,  that  is  to  say,  their 
foot,  ear-shaped  before,  forked  behind,  and  their  small  operculum 
often  ear-shaped ;  and  he  thought  that  they  should  be  united  into 
a  separate  division,  and  even  form  a  new  genus.  He  further 
rests  this  opinion  upon  another  observation  worthy  attention, 
the  sprightliness  of  their  motions ;  but  until  all  the  animals  of 
the  NASS.E  and  BUCCINA  shall  be  well  known,  it  will  be  difficult 
to  establish  accurately  this  division,  and  to  determine  what 
shells  shall  remain  among  the  true  BUCCINA.  The  NASS^E  have 
such  striking  relations  to  these  in  their  organization,  and  par- 
ticularly in  the  form  of  their  shell,  that  we  think  it  impossi- 
ble, until  new  observations  shall  be  found  to  confirm  the  opinion 
of  Quoy,  not  to  follow  the  order  established  by  Lamarck.  The 
species  of  this  genus  run  into  each  other  in  so  insensible  a  man- 
ner, that  we  have  been  unable  to  form  well-defined  groups 
among  them. 


GENUS     BUCCINUM.  3 

The  Buccina  are  carnivorous  animals,  provided  with  a  cylin- 
drical trunk,  susceptible  of  being  much  elongated  or  of  being 
concealed  entirely  within  the  body ;  this  trunk  is  armed  at  its 
extremity  with  beaks,  which  enable  the  animal  to  pierce  the 
shell  of  other  mollusca,  upon  which  it  preys. 

The  sexes  are  separate.  The  shells  of  the  males  are  gen- 
erally smaller,  and  less  inflated  than  those  of  the  females.  The 
males  are  provided  with  a  very  large  exciting  appendage,  which, 
in  a  state  of  repose,  is  situated  under  the  right  edge  of  the 
mantle. 

The  eggs  are  generally  united  together ;  they  are  sometimes 
driven  and  transported  by  the  waves  to  distances  far  removed 
from  the  places  where  they  had  been  deposited ;  whence  the 
same  species  of  BUCCINUM  are  often  found  in  very  different 
climates. 

»,s  .    .***•»>>;*•»>  ,  >    ; 

•  The  BUCCINA  are  met  with  in  all  seas,  especially  upon  rocks, 
where  they  are  in  large  numbers  ;  the  warmest  climates  furnish 
the  species  most  brilliant  in  coloring.  Some  species  serve  for 
food  to  the  inhabitants  of  many  countries,  particularly  upon  the 
shores  of  the  Channel. 


/     1.  BUCCINUM  UNDATUM.  LINN.,  GMEL.     The  W 

tf**x,  n*wr#. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LISTER,  Conch.,  t.  962,  fig.  14,  15. 

PI.  II.  fig.  5.        Ji'1+y*,/ 

B.  testa  ovato-eonica,  ventricosa,  transversim  sulcata  et  striata,  striis 
longitudinalibus  tenuissimis  decussata,  longitudinaliter  plicata,  albida  vel 
griseo-rufescente ;  plicis  crassis  obliquis  undatis ;  anfractibus  convexis ; 
apertura  alba  aut  flava. 

Shell  ovate-conical,  ventricose,  white,  yellowish  or  reddish, 
with  a  bright  brown  epidermis  ;  ridges  and  transverse  striae 
very  prdminent,  forming  with  the  much  less  apparent  longitu- 
dinal striae/ a  Species  of- net-work ;  nine  whirls  to  the  spire, 
convex  and  crossed  by  oblique  folds,  thick  and  waved ;  aper- 
ture white,  very  large,  ovate,  deeply  notched  at  its  base ; 
right  lip  arched. 


4  GENUS     BUOCINUM. 

Length  3  inches  6  lines.     Width  2  inches. 

Inhabits  the  seas  of  Europe,  especially  upon  the  coasts  of 
the  Channel,  where  it  is  very  common,  and  where  the  animal 
is  eaten.1 

This  species  is  very  variable  in  size ;  also  in  its  form,  which 
is  more  or  less  inflated ;  oftentimes  the  oblique  folds  are  not 
apparent,  and  sometimes  the  transverse  striae  have  wholly  dis- 
appeared ;  the  epidermis  then,  is  of  a  deep  brown.  It  varies 
also  in  its  coloring,  which  in  some  specimens  is  of  a  bright  yel- 
low or  violet,  surrounded  with  one  or  several  reddish  bands. 

2.  BUCCINUM  VENTRICOSUM,   NOBIS.     The  Ventricose  Buc- 


(Collect.  MASS.)   il^jKf,  J<~, 
PL  III,  fig.  7. 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  ventricosa,  transversim  tenuissime  striata,  striis 
longitudinalibus  obsolete  decussata,  albida  vel  griseo-rubente,  fusco-nebu- 
losa;  anfractibus  convexis,  ultimo  spira  longiore;  apertura  rotundata, 
albida  aut  rufescente. 

Shell-,  ovate-conical,  ventricpse,  of  a  reddish  white,  marked 
with  undulated  brown  spots  with  red  edges  ;  epidermis  of  a 
bright  brown ;  very  fine  and  very  close  transverse  striae,  cross- 
ed by  very  fine  and  slightly  apparent  longitudinal  striae  ;  spire 
elongated,  pointed ;  eight  convex  whirls  to  the  spire,  traversed 
sometimes  by  slightly  prominent  longitudinal  folds  ;  aperture 
very  effuse,  dilated  outwardly  and  widely  emarginated  at  its 
base  ;  right  lip  strongly  arcuated. 

Length  2J  inches.     Width  4  lines. 
Inhabits  the  North  Seas.   V  /,5«*/fc/  *  </&<+ 
This  handsome  species,  of  which  Prince  d'Essling  possesses 

1  This  shell  is  also  found  along  the  entire  coast  of  New  England.— TR. 


G  E  N  U  S     B  U  C  C  I  N  U  M  .  5 

several  specimens  of  different  ages  and  sexes,  is  brought,  I  think, 
from  the  Northern  Seas.  It  appears  to  me  to  be  very  nearly  like 
the  BUCCINUM  Humphrey  si  anum  of  Bennett,  (Zoological  Jour- 
nal, vol.  I,  p.  398,  tab.  22).  Nevertheless,  I  have  been  unwilling 
decisively  to  unite  it  to  that,  because  it  wants  several  of  the 
characters  assigned  by  M.  Bennett  to  the  individual  which  he  has 
described.  That  which  I  have  figured,  has  the  lowest  whirl  of 
the  shell  much  shorter  and  more  ventricose ;  the  striae,  which 
entirely  cover  the  shell,  are  closer ;  this  also  does  not  exhibit  the 
bands  which  appear  upon  the  lowest  whirl  of  the  BUCCINUM 
Humphrey sianum.  Among  the  number  of  specimens  which  I 
have  examined,  was  found  a  young  one  which  approached  nearer 
to  the  figure  of  the  BUCCINUM  Humphrey  si  anum.  I  suppose 
that  the  difference  which  exists  between  these  two  species,  is 
caused  only  by  age  or  sex. 

3.  BUCCINUM  L.AMARCKII,  NOBIS.    Lamarck's  Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.) 

PI.  III.  fig.  6. 

B.  testS.  ovato-conica,  Isevigata,  nitida,]  luteo-rufescente,  flammulis 
spadiceo-rufis ;  anfractibus  superne  subangulatis,  supremis  obsolete  plica- 
tis;  apertura  ovata,  Isevi,  albida;  labro  margine  acuto. 

Shell  ovate-conical,  elongated,  smooth,  shining,  of  a  reddish 
yellow  color,  scattered  over  with  longitudinal  flames  of  a 
brown  red  ;  a  transverse  band  of  the  same  color  surrounds  the 
base  of  the  shell ;  spire  elongated,  composed  of  eight  whirls 
slightly  angular  at  their  upper  part,  and  very  slightly  convex  ; 
the  first  whirls  are  plaited  longitudinally ;  aperture  ovate, 
whitish,  strongly  emarginated  at  its  base,  lip  thin  ;  columella 
smooth  and^  yellowish'. 

Length  3  inches.     Width  1  inch  3  lines. 
Inhabits  2 


2  I  have  in  my  cabinet,  a  specimen  of  this  shell,  which  was  found  on  the 
shore  at  Santos,  Brazil,  by  my  brother,  Mr.  Robert  B.  Storer.— TR. 


Q  GENUS      BUCCINUM. 

This  species  is  very  distinct  from  others  in  its  size,  in  its 
elongated  form,  the  absence  of  striae  upon  the  shell,  and  the 
aperture  being  much  more  ovate. 

4.  BUCCINUM  FUSIFORME,  NOBIS.     The  Spindle-shaped  Buc- 

cinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.) 
Pi.  v.  fig.  12. 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  luteo-rufescente,  tenui,  nitida  subpellucida,  trans- 
versim  longitudinaliterque  minutissime  striata  ;  anfractibus  convexis,  ulti- 
mo spira  longiore ;  aperturd  subrotundata,  Isevi,  luteo-rufescente ;  labro 
margine  subreflexo. 

Shell  ovate-conical,  of  a  reddish  yellow,  thin,  shining,  trans- 
lucent, covered  with  very  fine  transverse  longitudinal  striae, 
very  close  and  hardly  apparent ;  eight  convex  whirls  to  the 
spire ;  aperture  ovate,  rounded,  of  a  reddish  yellow,  emar- 
ginated  at  its  base ;  right  lip  recurved  and  white ;  columella 
white  and  elongated,  which  gives  to  the  shell  somewhat  the 
appearance  of  a  spindle. 

Length  2  inches.     Width  1  inch. 
Inhabits 

This  species  much  resembles  the  BUCCINUM  ovum  of  Bennett, 
(Zoological  Journal,  vol.  I,  p.  366,  tab.  13,  fig.  9).  But  that  is 
represented  of  a  more  globular  form,  while  the  specimens  I  have 
examined  of  the  BUCCINUM  fusiforme  are  more  elongated,  and 
the  whirls  of  the  spire  more  detached. 

5.  BUCCINUM  GLACIALE,  LINN.,  GMEL.     The  Northern  Buc- 

cinum. 

(Collect.  MASS. 

PI.  II.  fig.  4. 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  longitudinaliter  subplicata,  transverslm  sulcata, 
fulvo-rubente  ;  anfractibus  carinato  noduliferis,  ultimo  carinis  tribus  cincto  j 
labro  repando,  margine  reflexo;  apertura  rotundatd. 

Shell  ovate-conical,  of  a  reddish  fawn  color,  covered  with 


GENUSBUCCINUM.  7 

transverse  furrows  ;  spire  composed  of  seven  or  eight  whirls, 
traversed  by  thick,  noduled  folds,  somewhat  oblique,  and  much 
less  apparent  upon  the  lowest  whirl,  which  is  encircled  by  one 
or  two  very  apparent  convex  keels,  which  rarely  exist  upon  the 
upper  whirls.  Aperture  whitish,  rounded,  deeply  emarginat- 
ed  at  its  base  ;  right  lip  white,  reflected,  and  slightly  emar- 
ginated  at  its  upper  part  ;  columella  white  and  waved. 

Length  2  inches  9  lines.     Width  16  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Northern  Seas. 

This  species  is  distinguished  from  all  others,  by  one  or  two 
keels  upon  the  lowest  whirl,  and  by  the  thick  noduled  folds  which 
traverse  the  other  whirls  ;  these  folds  are  seen  strongly  promi- 
nent, only  upon  this  species  and  the  BUCCINUM  undatum.  It 
differs  from  that,  by  its  form,  and  particularly  by  its  aperture,  the 
lip  of  which  is  bordered  by  a  very  distinct  varix. 


6.   BUCCINUM   ANGLICANUM,   MARTINI.     The  English  Buc- 

cinum.       .     r.^.i.r  ,-,,,..,  ',4,,,,  ,//,Vfir-r  i-£M 

^nT^  r$  m 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  Conch.,  t.  963,  fig.  17. 


PI.  iv.  eg.  9.      ^. 

B.  test&  oblonga,  conica,  tenuiuscula,  transversim  sulcata  et  striata, 
rufo-fuscescente  ;  striis  longitudinalibus  obsoletis;  sulcis  transversis  promi- 
nulis;  anfractibus  convexis,  superne  depressis;  spira  obtusa;  columella 
subverrucosa. 

Shell  oblong,  conical,  rather  thin,  of  a  reddish  brown  color, 
covered  transversely  with  striae  and  ridges,  with  some  slightly 
apparent  longitudinal  striae  ;  the  transverse  ridges  are  raised 
and  very  prominent  ;  spire  elongated  ;  seven  whirls  to  the 
spire,  convex  and  depressed  at  their  upper  part  ;  the  low- 
est whirl  is  longer  than  all  the  others  together;  aperture 
elongated,  ovate,  of  a  reddish  yellow,  slightly  emarginated  at 
its  base  ;  lip  thin,  forming  at  its  upper  and  internal  part  a 
sort  of  small  canal  at  its  union  with  the  left  lip  ;  columella 
almost  straight,  subverrucose,  and  of  a  reddish  yellow. 


* 


g  GENUS     BUCCINUM. 

Length  2  inches.     Width  9  lines. 
Inhabits  the  seas  of  England  and  Norway. 

This  species  is  easily  distinguished  by  its  turreted  form,  the 
ridges  and  transverse  stria?,  and  by  the  slightly  angular  whirls  of 
the  spire. 


7.  BUCCINUM  LIGATUM,  NOBIS.     The  Bound  Buccinum. 

o,,ect.  MASS.  LAM.} 


/W  f  PI-  V.  fig.  15. 

B.  testa  ovato-oblonga,  rugis  convexiusculis  succincta,  griseo-rufescente, 
anfractibus  convexis,  margine  superiore  planis  et  adnato  limbosis  ;  aperturk 
alba,  laevigata. 

Shell  ovate-oblong,  reddish,  surrounded  by  strongly  promi- 
nent ridges,  which  are  seven  in  number  upon  the  lowest  whirl. 
Between  the  ridges  are  seen  pretty  fine  and  very  regular 
striae  ;  longitudinal  lines,  slightly  apparent  and  distant,  of  a 
deeper  color,  form  upon  t^ie  ridges  species  of  rings.  Epider- 
mis of  a  deep  brown  color  ;  spire  composed  of  six  distinct, 
convex  whirls,  the  lowest  very  large,  compressed  and  re-enter- 
ing at  its  upper  part  ;  aperture  ovate,  elongated,  whitish,  pretty 
strongly  emarginated  at  its  base  ;  lip  slightly  undulated,  form- 
ing at  its  upper  and  internal  part,  a  small  canal.  The  colu- 
mella  is  white  and  slightly  arched. 

Length  2  inches  3  lines.     Width  14  lines. 
Inhabits  the  coasts  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

We  restore  to  the  genus  BUCCINUM  this  species,  which  La- 
marck placed  among  the  Purpurae,  under  the  name  of  PUR- 
PURA  ligatum;  it  is  very  analogous  to  the  BUCCINUM  Anglica- 
num  ;  but  it  nevertheless  differs,  in  that  the  whirls  of  the 
spire  are  less  turreted  and  less  convex.  The  aperture  is  much 
larger  and  more  effuse  than  in  that  ;  lastly,  the  brown  lines 
do  not  exist  upon  the  BUCCINUM  Anglicanum,  and  the  ridges 


GENUS     BUCCINUM.  9 

are  more  numerous  and  less    distant  in   that  which  we  have 
described. 


8.  BUCCINUM  PAPYRACEUM,  BRUG.     The  Paper 

X^Jt 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  pi.  96^,  fig.  16. 

PI.  IV.  fig.  10.    &^,fi/t«j4M 

B.  testa  ovato-oblonga,  tenui,  transversim  striata,  albo-rufescente :  an- 
fractibus  convexis  superne  depressiusculis ;  spira  peracuta ;  labro  tenuissi- 
mo,  acuto,  intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  thin,  reddish,  of  a  deeper  color  to- 
wards the  base,  covered  with  transverse  approximate  striae, 
slightly  raised,  more  strongly  prominent  at  the  lower  part,  and 
upon  the  upper  whirls,  some  slightly  apparent  longitudinal 
striae ;  spire  pointed,  composed  of  seven  or  eight  convex 
whirls,  slightly  depressed  at  their  upper  part ;  aperture  white, 
ovate,  elongated,  terminated  at  its  upper  part  by  a  small 
canal,  formed  by  a  curve  at  the  top  of  the  right  lip,  and  a 
transverse  wrinkle  of  the  left  lip ;  right  lip  thin,  sharp,  finely 
denticulated,  marked  interiorly  with  transverse  striae  which  do 
not  extend  far  into  the  cavity,  nineteen,  twenty,  and  even 
sometimes  more  in  number  ;  columella  white,  almost  straight. 

Length  2  inches.     Width  1  inch. 
Inhabits  the  Seas  of  Norway. 

The  specimen  which  served  for  the  description  of  Bruguiere  is 
the  same  as  that  of  Lamarck;  this  specimen  appears  to  me  to 
have  been  young  ;  for  those  which  I  have  examined,  belonging 
unquestionably  to  the  same  species,  are  thicker,  with  less  ap- 
parent exterior  striae ;  only  the  transverse  and  internal  striae  of 
the  right  lip  are  always  very  distinct. 


GENUS     BUCCINUM. 


9.  BUCCINUM  ANNULATUM,  LAM.     Theltmged  Buctinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     Encycl.,  pi.  399,  fig.  4,  a,  b. 

PI.  IV.  fig.  11. 

B.  test£  ovato-conica,  transversim  striata,  albo-rufescente,  anfractibus 
superne  angulatis .  angulo  annulatim  cingulifero ;  apertura  laevi ',  labro 
tenui,  simplice,  inferne  repando. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  transversely  striated,  of  a  reddish  white 
color ;  spire  pointed,  composed  of  nine  angular  whirls,  de- 
pressed at  their  upper  part,  where  they  are  surrounded  by  a 
sort  of  wrinkled  ring  ;  the  whirls  of  the  spire,  with  the  exception 
of  the  last,  are  by  no  means  convex ;  aperture  ovate,  whitish, 
emarginated  at  its  base  ;  right  lip  thin,  sharp,  forming  a  small 
canal  at  its  upper  and  internal  part  at  its  union  with  the  left 
lip;  columella  white. 

Length  9  lines.     Width  6  lines. 
Inhabits 

This  species  is  remarkable  for  its  pointed  spire,  and  its  angu- 
lar whirls,  the  upper  ones  having  their  margin  slightly  scaly. 

10.  BUCCINUM  COCHODIUM,  CHJSMN.     The  Stair-case  Sue- 

/  -i./     1  •  /  /  cinum. 

^^{(Uw*"''  V' 

(Collect.  MASS.)     MARTINI,  pi.  55. 

PI.  VI.  fig.  17.     J;l**ftrr£<  .?ZV 


B.  testa  ovato-conica,  crassiuscula,  lasvi,  luteo-rubente,  lineis  longitudina- 
libus  rufo-fuscis,  anfractibus  angulatis,  complanatis,  ultimo  convexiusculo, 
spira  longiore,  supernis  ad  angulam  subplicatis;  apertura  griseo-lutescente ; 
labro  simplici,  basi  repando. 

Shell  ovate,  fusiform,  very  thick,  smooth,  whitish,  orna- 
mented throughout  its  whole  length  with  lines,  generally  undu- 
lated, of  a  reddish  fawn  color ;  spire  conical  and  pointed, 
formed  of  seven  or  eight  strongly  prominent  whirls,  flattened 
above,  and  presenting  a  species  of  canal,  and  an  obtuse,  con- 

&• 


GENUS     BUCCINUM.  JJ 

vex  slope ;  the  upper  whirls  are  crowned  upon  the  slope  with 
a  small  row  of  tubercles ;  between  each  suture  of  the  whirls  of 
the  spire,  exists  a  deposit  of  white  and  smoother  matter,  which 
is  seen  at  the  upper  part,  and  which  terminates  by  a  sort  of 
callosity  upon  the  side  of  the  columella ;  aperture  reddish,  wide 
and  ovate,  terminated  by  a  pretty  large  emargination ;  lip 
simple  and  arched. 

Length  2  inches.     Width  1  inch  6  lines. 

Inhabits  the  islands  of  the  South  Sea,  and  especially  the 
coasts  of  New  Zealand. 

This  handsome  species  is  particularly  remarkable  by  the  tur- 
reted  whirls,  and  above  all  by  an  original  deposit  of  whiter  cal- 
careous matter,  which  is  seen  at  the  upper  part  of  the  lower 
whirls  of  the  shell. 

The  young  specimens  of  this  species  appear  to  approximate 
in  their  form  and  diminutiveness,  the  BUCCINUM  carinatum  of 
Turton  (Conch.  Dictioji.  page  13,  tab. ,26,  fig.  94),  which  has 
been  found  in  the  bay  of  Dublin,  upon'tne  coasts  of  England, 
and  upon  those  of  Ireland. 


11.   BUCCINUM  MONIOFERUM,    VAL.     The   Collared  Buc- 


(Collect.  MASS.) 

PI.  Ill,  fig.  8. 

B.  testa  ovato-oblonga,  laevi,  albido-lutescente,  duabus  fasciis  interruptis 
fuscis  ;  anfractibus  subconvexis,  duobus  infimis  superne  angulatis,  ad  angu- 
lum  tuberculis  subspinosis  coronatis  ;  labro  simplici,  margine  peracuto, 
basi  subrepando. 

Shell  ovate,  oblong,  fusiform,  smooth,  whitish,  slightly 
diaphanous,  surrounded  by  two  brown  bands,  interrupted  by 
very  prominent  chestnut-colored  spots  upon  the  lowest  whirl 
of  the  spire  ;  a  band  of  the  same  color,  but  less  distinct,  exists 
upon  the  other  whirls;  spire  composed  of  seven  or  eight 


12  GENUSBUCCINUM. 

slightly  angular  whirls,  the  two  or  three  lowest,  crowned  with 
a  row  of  elongated,  solid,  pointed  tubercles,  pretty  near  to  each 
other ;  the  tubercles  of  the  upper  whirls  are  less  apparent. 
The  aperture  is  yellowish,  ovate ;  base  pretty  strongly  emar- 
ginated ;  lip  thin,  arched,  marked  internally  by  two  transverse 
brown  bands,  which  are  very  apparent  externally. 

Length  1  inch  6  lines.     Width  8  lines. 
Inhabits  the  coasts  of  Newfoundland.3 

This  pretty  species  is  very  remarkable  for  the  tubercles  or 
spines  which  project  from  the  whirls  of  the  spire,  and  which 
are  particularly  prominent  upon  the  lowest.  It  has  great  resem- 
blance to  the  preceding  in  its  form,  but  it  is  easily  distinguished 
by  its  different  size,  the  BUCCINUM  moniliferum  being  much 
smaller. 

12.  BUCCINUM  GL.OBUr.OSUM,   NOBIS.     Tfie   Globular  Bucci- 

I  (Collect.  MASS.) 

PI.  X.  fig.  33. 

B.  testa  ovata,  ventricosa,  laevi,  violacea,  basi  larga  fascia  albescente ; 
apertura  dilatata,  ovaliformi ;  cojumella  flavescente  ;  labro  intus  rubescente. 

Shell  ovate,  smooth,  ventricose,  spire  formed  of  six  slightly 
convex  whirls  ;  the  lowest  very  large,  slightly  canaliculated  ; 
the  coloring  is  of  a  deep  violet  and  oftentimes  of  a  yellowish  ash 
color,  with  a  small  white  band  which  borders  the  base  of  each 
whirl  of  the  spire.  There  exists  also  at  the  base  of  the  shell, 
a  large  band  of  a  grayish  white  color ;  upon  some  specimens 
longitudinal  whitish  lines  are  seen,  which  are  the  vestiges  of 
the  several  additions  to  the  shell.  Aperture  large  and  ovular. 
The  columella  is  strongly  arched,  and  upon  all  its  length  is 


3  Specimens  of  both  the  cochlidium  and  moniliferum  are  in  my  cabinet, 
found  at  Rio  Janeiro,  and  I  cannot  but  think  the  above  locality  is  erro- 
neous.— TR. 


GENUS     BUCCINUM.  ]3 

seen  a  callosity  of  a  yellowish  color.     The  lip  is  of  a  reddish 
brown  internally. 

Length  21  lines.     Width  13  lines. 
Inhabits 

This  shell  is  very  different  from  other  species  in  its  form, 
which  is  globular,  and  its  color,  of  a  deep  violet.  In  some  spe- 
cimens the  spire  is  more  elongated,  and  sometimes,  within  the 
shell,  where  it  is  of  a  paler  violet,  are  delineated  deeper  bands  ; 
one  only  exists  upon  the  upper  whirls,  and  two  broader  upon 
the  lowest. 

This  species  strongly  resembles  in  its  form  the  BUCCINUM 
ovum  of  Turton,  figured  in  the  Zoological  Journal,  vol.  II. 
pi.  13,  fig.  19  ;  but  it  is  thicker  and  more  colored  than  that, 
which,  on  the  contrary,  is  thin  and  of  an  ivory  white. 


>-"     13.  BUCCINUM   TESTUDINEUM,    CHEMNITZ.      The  Tortoise- 
Shell  Buccinum.       / »/ 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     MART.,  pL  7,  8,  49. 


B.  testa  ovato-conica,  laevigata,  cinereo-fuscescente,  taeniis  transversis 
albo  et  nigro  tessellatim  articulatis;  apertura  Iffivi;  labro  tenui,  margine 
acuto. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  of  a  bluish  ash  color,  traversed  by  dis- 
tant lines,  articulated  and  generally  formed  by  oblong  black 
points  ;  the  spots  upon  the  upper  whirls  are  larger,  flamed, 
more  or  less  numerous.  Seven  whirls  to  the  spire  ;  they  are 
slightly  convex,  and  united  by  a  pretty  fine  and  regular  linear 
suture.  The  aperture  is  oblong  ovate,  slightly  longitudinal, 
smooth  and  of  a  chamois-yellow  color  ;  the  right  lip  is  thin 
and  sharp. 

Length  2  inches.     Width  1  inch. 
Inhabits  the  seas  of  New  Zealand. 

We  have  figured  several  specimens  of  the  shell  at  different 
ages  and  of  different  varieties,  to  show  how  much  this  species 


14  GENUS     BUCCINUM. 

varies  in  its  form  and  coloring,  in  its  different  stages.  The 
shell  which  served  for  the  description  of  Lamarck,  a  figure  of 
which  we  give  in  plate  VII,  fig.  22,  was  young;  whence  the  color 
of  the  aperture  presented  him  only  a  whitish  tint  upon  the  colu- 
mella,  and  several  large  brown  bands  are  seen  upon  the  inner 
edge  of  the  lip. 

The  specimens  brought  from  New  Zealand  by  duoy  and 
Gaimard  are  generally  much  larger,  and  more  colored.  One  of 
these  specimens  has  served  us  for  the  first  figure  of  our  first 
plate.  Other  specimens  again,  brought  by  these  two  learned, 
naturalists,  offer  us  a  very  distinct  variety,  which  is  found  figur- 
ed in  Martini,  pi.  7,  under  the  name  of  BUCCINUM  striatum ; 
this  variety  is  generally  more  globular.  The  spire  is  pointed, 
shorter,  and  sometimes  re-entering ;  the  upper  whirls  are  often- 
times folded.  The  callosity  at  the  top  of  the  aperture  is  thick, 
and  strongly  prominent.  The  columella  is  arched,  and  slightly 
umbilicated. 

,/  We  regard  as  a  variety  of  this  last  shell,  a  species  figured  also 

•  iri  the  work  of  Martini,  pi.  49,  under  the  name  of  BUCCINUM 
maculatum.  This  shell  differs  principally  from  the  preceding 
specimen ,^n  its  size,  and  in  the  whirls  of  the  spire  which  are 
more  rounded.  The  columella  is  almost  straight,  smooth,  a 
little  projecting  at  its  base,  which  partially  covers  a  pretty  dis- 
tinct umbilicus,  encircled  by  a  margin  which  exists  at  the  base 
of  the  emargination.  We  give  as  this  variety  pi.  I,  fig.  2. 

Quoy  and  Gaimard  have  given  in  their  valuable  work,  Voyage 
de  T  Astrolabe,  pi.  30,  fig.  12,  the  figure  of  a  specimen  of  this 
same  variety,  but  without  regular  transverse  points. 


v      14.  BUCCINUM  L.INEOL.ATUM,  QUOY  et   GAIMARD.     The  Li- 

neated  Buccinum. 


(Collect.  MASS,  et  Mus.)     Voyage   de   P  Astrolabe,  pi.  30, 
fig.  14-16. 

PI.  I,  fig.  3. 

B.  testA   conica,   fusiform!,   laevi,  luteo-virescente,    nigro    transversim 
lineata  ;  apertura  ovali,  aurantiaca  ;  margine  dextro  sulcato. 

Shell  smooth,    spindle-shaped,    spire    elongated,   pointed, 


GENUS     BUCCINUM.  |g 

canal  short,  aperture  pretty  large,  oval,  right  lip  marked 
throughout  its  whole  extent  by  deep  violet  colored  lines, 
crossed  by  white  lines.  The  columella  is  smooth,  and  of  a 
bright  yellow  color,  as  well  as  the  edge  of  the  right  lip.  Ex- 
ternally, the  ground  color  is  of  a  greenish  brown,  banded  with 
black.  These  transverse  striae  are  definite  and  at  regular  dis- 
tances ;  six  or  eight  appear  on  the  lowest  whirl.  The  opercu- 
lum  is  very  small,  unguiculated,  pointed,  and  of  a  reddish  brown. 

Length  15  lines.     Width  7  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Bays  around  New  Zealand. 

This  Buccinum  is  common  in  the  Bays  dividing  New  Zea- 
land ;  it  is  found  at  low  tide  among  the  stones  on  the  shore. 
Lamarck  had  established  a  species  under  this  name ;  but  the 
specimen  which  he  described  was  a  young  BUCCINUM  testudi- 
neum,  the  oblong  points  of  which  also  form  transverse  and  in- 
terrupted lines,  but  less  continued  and  less  distant  than  those  of 
the  BUCCINUM  lineolatum.  We  give  a  figure  of  it  in  pi.  VIII, 
fig.  25. 

The  name  of  lineolatum  was  given  to  this  species  by  Quoy  and 
Gaimard,  who  brought  it  from  New  Zealand. 


15.  BUCCINUM  DELAL-ANDII,  NOBIS.    Delalande's  Buccinum. 
(Collect.  MASS,  et  Mus.)  ^HEMN.  pi.  152,  fig.  1455J 
Pi.  V,  %.  14.  Mtt,  $0*4*  . 


B.  testA  ovato-oblonga,  subturriculata,  cinerea,  transverslm  tenuissim& 
striata,  fasciis  longitudinalibus  undulatis  ;  spira  acutii  ;  apertura  ovato- 
oblonga  ;  labro  laevi,  albo,  dilatato,  intus  striato,  rubescente  ;  epidermi 
virescente. 

Shell  ovate,  elongated,  subturrited  ;  external  surface  of  a 
bluish  ash  color,  marked  with  very  fine,  close  striae  ;  it  is  also 
ornamented  with  longitudinal  undulated  bands  or  flames,  form- 
ed by  lines  more  or  less  approximated  ;  epidermis  greenish  ; 
spire  slightly  pointed,  composed  of  six  whirls,  which  are 


Ig  GENUS      BUCCINUM. 

slightly  convex,  and  united  by  a  pretty  delicate  regular  suture. 
Aperture  oblong  ovate,  effuse  towards  the  base  ;  right  lip 
smooth  and  white,  marked  interiorly,  at  a  short  distance  from 
the  edge,  with  sixteen  or  eighteen  transverse  striae  of  a  reddish 
brown  ;  columella  slightly  arched  and  whitish. 

Length  16  lines.     Width  9  lines. 
Inhabits  the  rocks  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

This  species  resembles  exceedingly  the  BUCCINUM  testudi- 
neum ;  but  it  differs,  nevertheless,  in  its  form,  which  is  a  little 
more  elongated,  and  in  its  more  spreading  aperture.  Besides, 
the  spots  on  the  shell  do  not  form  transverse  lines,  but  blotches, 
or  longitudinal  waved  bands.  The  striae  upon  the  interior  of  the 
aperture  also  do  not  exist  in  the  BUCCINUM  testudineum. 

I  have  given  to  this  shell  the  name  of  Delalande,  who  first 
made  it  known  ;  he  obtained  it  in  his  voyage  to  Africa,  a  voyage 
so  useful  to  science  by  the  numerous  collections  which  were 
made,  and  with  which  the  Museum  was  enriched. 

16.  BUCCINUM  QUOYII,  NOBIS.     Quay's  Buccinum. 

(Collect,  du  Museum.) 
PI.  V,  fig.  13. 

B.  testa  ovato-oblonga,  fulva;transvefsim  plurimum,  longitudinaliter  te- 
nuissime  striata  ;  spira  acuta  ;  columella  prominulci ;  apertura  ovaliformi, 
rubescente  ;  labro  arcuato,  interne  striato. 

Shell  oblong-ovate,  of  a  red  brown,  furrowed  throughout  its 
whole  extent  by  regular  transverse  striae,  numerous,  pretty 
near,  interwoven  by  other  very  fine  longitudinal  striae ;  spire 
pointed,  composed  of  seven  whirls,  each  whirl,  except  the 
lowest,  adorned  with  longitudinal  tubercles  or  ribs  ;  the  colu- 
mella projecting  a  little  above  an  incipient  umbilicus,  which 
penetrates  it  at  the  base  of  the  emargination.  Aperture 
ovular,  provided  with  a  callosity  upon  the  left  lip,  which  is  of 
a  beautiful  reddish  color  ;  lip  arched,  plaited  upon  the  internal 
edge  as  often  as  there  are  striae  externally. 


GENUS     BUCOINUM.  17 

Length  1  inch  8  lines.     Width  11  lines. 
Inhabits  New  Zealand. 

This  species,  established  from  a  specimen  brought  to  the 
Museums  by  Quoy  and  Gaimard,  resembles  the  BUCCINUM  tes- 
tudincum ;  but  it  differs  materially  from  it  in  its  uniform  red- 
dish »brown  color,. and  the  very  prominent  transverse  ridges. 

17.  BUCCINUM  PAYTENSE,  VAL.     The  Payta  Buccinum. 

(Collect,  du  Museum.) 
Pi.  VI,  fig.  16. 

B.  testa  ovato-oblonga,  Isevi,  albida,  lineis  longitudinalibus  rufescentibus 
maculata;  spira  elongata,  acula ;  apertura  albida,  ovata;  labro  tenui ; 
columella  alba. 

Shell  ovate,  oblong,  smooth,  whitish,  marked  with  longitu- 
dinal reddish  lines.  The  epidermis  which  covers  it,  is  pretty 
thick,  and  of  a  beautiful  chestnut  color.  The  spire  is  elon- 
gated, pointed,  composed  of  seven  slightly  convex  whirls  ; 
aperture  whitish,  ovate,  slightly  narrowed  towards  the  upper 
part,  and  widened  at  the  base,  which  is  rather  deeply  emar- 
ginated ;  lip  thin,  slightly  rounded,  compressed  towards  its 
upper  third  ;  upon  the  columella  is  observed  a  white  callosity, 
adhering  to  the  body  of  the  shell,  and  partially  formed  by 
the  left  lip. 

Length  2  inches  3  lines.     Width  1  inch. 
Inhabits  the  rocks  of  Payta  upon  the  coasts  of  Peru. 

This  species  was  presented  to  the  Museum  by  Lesson  and 
Garnot,  who  brought  it  among  the  numerous  objects  collected 
during  their  voyage  around  the  world.  It  clearly  very  much 
resembles  the  BUCCINUM  testudineum ;  but  it  is  distinguished 
from  it  by  the  more  elongated  whirls  of  the  spire,  and  by  its 
coloring,  which  is  different.  That  which  we  describe  has  red- 
dish longitudinal  lines,  whilst  in  the  BUCCINUM  testudineum, 
Buccinum.  B 


Jg  GENUS      BUCCINUM. 

points,  more  or  less  elongated,  form,  on  the  contrary,  trans- 
verse lines. 


18.  BUCCINUM  L^EVISSIMUM,  GMEL.     The  Smooth  Buccinum. 

$***&*  s&Mj, 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  t.  978,  fig.  35. 
PI.  VII,  fig.  20.    &M»y»  c/<» 

B.  testa  ovato-oblonga,  laevissirna,  nitida,  luteo-fulva  et  cserulescente ;  an- 
fractibus  convexiusculis,  conatis;  spira  breviuscula,obtusiuscula  ;  apertura 
loevi;  labro  arcuato,  inferne  repando. 

Shell  ovate,  oblong,  ventricose,  smooth,  whitish ;  some 
slightly  apparent,  transverse-brown  bands ;  epidermis  reddish 
brown  ;  convex  longitudinal  folds  formed  by  the  growth  of 
the  shell ;  spire  short,  obtuse,  sutures  slightly  apparent ; 
aperture  smooth,  oblong  and  wide,  narrowed  at  the  upper 
part,  somewhat  more  dilated  at  its  base,  where  it  is  terminated 
by  an  oblique,  wide  emargination.  The  lip  is  thin,  rounded, 
colored  internally  of  a  fawn  color.  Externally,  near  the  base, 
is  observed  a  prominent  fold,  which  is  continued  winding 
round  as  far  as  the  inferior  third  of  the  columella;  this  is 
arcuated,  and  slightly  oblique. 

Length  2  inches  3  lines.     Width  1  inch  3  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean,  and  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

According  to  the  able  observations  of  Quoy  and  Gaimard,  the 
animal  of  this  species  is  blind ;  and  what  renders  it  particularly 
remarkable,  is  a  very  large  foot,  extending  from  all  parts  of  the 
shell.  The  operculum  is  exceedingly  small.  This  mollusk 
possesses  the  power  of  absorbing  by  its  foot,  by  means  of  pores 
with  which  this  part  is  provided,  a  large  quantity  of  water,  which 
it  throws  off  again,  when  it  is  disturbed,  in  several  directions. 
It  lives  in  deep  water,  and  when  it  is  brought  towards  the  shore, 
its  foot  still  farther  enables  it  to  bury  itself  in  the  sand.  It  is 
very  voracious  :  it  is  generally  taken,  by  placing  a  piece  of  flesh, 
as  bait,  in  a  net. 


GENUS     BUCCINUM.  19 

*      19.  BUCCINUM  CALLOSUM,  WOOD.     The  Callous  Buccinum. 

.    >  i  ';    .  t 

(Collect.  MASS.)     CHEMN.  vign.  40,  fig.  2. 

PI.  VI,  fig.  18  and  19. 

B.  testa  elongata,  cylindriformi,  laevi,  nitida  atro-cinerea ;  spira  elongatA, 
acuta,  basi  cuj usque  anfractus  cingulitera,  albida  spadiceftque  ;  apertura 
ovaliformi,  dilatata,  fulvescente;  columella  callosa,  Isevi,  arcuata,  fulva. 

Shell  elongated,  cylindrical,  the  whole  external  surface 
smooth,  shining,  of  a  coffee  and  milk  color;  spire  elongated, 
pointed,  composed  of  six  whirls  not  convex  ;  each  whirl  is 
covered  between  the  sutures  with  a  layer  of  matter,  which 
assumes  at  the  base  a  chestnut-color  ;  this  layer  is  much  thicker 
upon  the  lowest  whirl,  and  is  continued,  enlarging  itself,  to 
the  left  lip,  where  it  forms  a  large  semicircular  callosity,  of  a 
deep  chestnut-color,  bordered  with  white.  Each  of  the  whirls 
of  the  spire  is  likewise  separated  from  the  others  by  a  fawn- 
colored  line,  which  is  delineated  a  little  below  each  suture. 
The  aperture  is  ovate,  of  a  pale  fawn-color,  dilated  towards 
the  middle,  strongly  emarginated  at  its  base.  The  columella' 
is  arcuated,  callous,  fawn-colored  and  smooth  ;  the  callosity  of 
the  columella  is  oblique,  thick,  furrowed,  much  shorter  than 
the  right  lip ;  from  its  lower  part,  a  stria  stretches  out,  which 
is  directed  obliquely  upon  the  back  of  the  shell,  to  its  termina- 
tion at  the  anterior  angle  of  the  right  lip,  which  is  sharp. 

Length  20  lines.     Width  8  lines. 
Inhabits 

The  BUCCINUM  callosum  is  easily  distinguished  from  the  other 
species  ;  its  cylindrical  form,  and  the  layer  of  calcareous  matter 
which  covers  the  whirls  of  the  spire,  characterize  it  with  preci- 
sion. In  the  collection  of  Prince  Massena  is  found  a  variety 
of  this  species  which  is  of  a  nankin  yellow,  assuming  a  deeper 
tint  upon  the  sutures.  The  interior,  in  this  specimen,  is  whitish  ; 
the  edge  of  a  bright  yellow ;  the  columella  callosity  is  of  a  dull 
white.  We  give  this  variety,  pi.  VI,  fig.  19. 

-Jk 


20  GENUSBUCCINUM. 

v     20.  BUCCINUM  POLITUM,  LAI«.     The  Polished  Buccinum. 
(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     CHEMN.  pi.  155,  fig.  1469. 
Pi.  VIII,  fig.  27. 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  apice  peracuta,  Isevissima,  nitida,  albo  aut  luteo- 
caerulescente  ;  anfractibus  convexiusculis,  supremis  obsolete  plicatis  ;  aper- 
tura  laevi;  labro  simplici,  margine  acuto. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  very  pointed  at  its  summit,  smooth, 
shining,  of  a  bluish  white  or  yellow  color ;  spire  elongated, 
formed  of  eight  slightly  convex  whirls  ;  the  sutures  edged 
with  a  yellow  border,  and  a  little  beneath  with  another  violet 
band  :  these  two  zones  are  much  more  perceptible  upon  the 
lower  whirl ;  the  upper  whirls  are  often  longitudinally  plaited ; 
epidermis  thin  and  greenish ;  aperture  smooth,  yellowish. 
The  columella  is  slightly  elongated,  twisted  at  its  extremity, 
and  provided  outwardly,  at  its  origin,  with  two  keels ;  the 
first  is  continued  as  far  as  the  edge  of  the  right  lip,  and  the 
second  terminates  at  the  emargination,  which  is  very  apparent. 
The  right  lip  is  very  thin,  sharp  and  fragile. 

Length  15  lines.     Width  6  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Seas  of  Senegal,  and  the  rocks  of  the  island  of 
Timor. 

This  shell  is  easily  distinguished  by  the  coloring  of  bluish 
white  or  yellow  which  is  peculiar  to  it,  and  which  is  very  con- 
stant. It  is  remarkable  also  for  its  very  pointed  extremity. 


21.  BUCCINUM  FUSCATUM,  BRUG.     The  Dusky  Buccinum. 

?  M 
(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)    KNORR.  Vergn.,  5th  part,  pi.  22,  fig.  4. 

<l<^  Iff.liJf.  jtffl         Pi.  VIIl,  fig.  24. 

B.  test£  ovato-conica,  lsevigata,rufo-fusca  ;  anfractibus  convexis,  superne 
longitudinaliter  plicatis ;  apertura  laevi,  fusca:  labro  tenui,  simplici,  mar- 
gine acuto. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  smooth,  of  a  reddish  brown ;  spire 


GENUS     BUCCINUM.  21 

composed  of  six  whirls,  whose  length  slightly  exceeds  that  of 
the  aperture.  The  whirls  of  the  spire  are  convex,  bent 
obliquely  at  the  suture,  and  marked  in  that  part,  by  slightly 
projecting  and  distant  longitudinal  folds ;  the  lower  whirl  is 
partially  destitute  of  them,  and  those  which  are  perceptible 
there,  are  only  slightly  obvious  upon  the  upper  half  of  the 
side  of  the  aperture.  The  aperture  is  ovate,  smooth  ;  the  lips 
are  whitish,  of  a  clear  fawn-color,  but  the  depth  of  the  cavity 
presents  the  same  tint  as  the  exterior.  It  is  narrower  towards 
the  base,  where  it  terminates  by  a  shallow  emargination,  the 
edges  of  which  are  slightly  curved  towards  the  back.  The 
right  lip  is  simple,  sharp  upon  the  edge  and  effuse.  It  has, 
towards  its  upper  part,  an  oblique  fold,  which  seems  to  widen 
the  aperture,  and  which  partially  forms  the  obtuse  angle.  The 
columella  is  almost  straight,  shining,  and  of  a  livid  color. 

Length  15  lines.     Width  7  lines. 

Inhabits  the  coasts  of  Peru,  from  whence  it  has  been  lately 
brought  in  great  abundance. 

This  species  is  perfectly  distinct  from  all  others  which  com- 
pose the  genus  BuCciNtrivfJ  by  the  singularity  of  its  aperture, 
which  is  widened  towards  its  upper  part  in  the  form  of  a  gutter. 


22.  BUCCINUM    LJEVIGATUM,    LINN.     The    Variegated    Buc- 

cinum.^ 


<de 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  pi.  964,  fig.  49. 
PI.  VIII,  fig.  26. 

B.  testa  ovato-oblonga,  Isevi,  nitida,  luteo-rufescente,  lineelis  fuscis  lon- 
gitudinalibus  flexuosis  saepius  ornata  ultimo  infractu ;  spira  longiore,  me- 
dio  fascia  albo  nigroque  articulata  cincto;  apertura  subdilatata,  loevi,  alba. 

Shell  ovate,  oblong,  smooth,  shining,  of  a  reddish  or  whitish 
yellow,  ornamented  with  small  longitudinal  lines,  waved,  ver- 
miculated  or  flexuous,  of  a  chestnut  color ;  epidermis  green- 
ish ;  spire  composed  of  six  whirls,  the  lower  larger  than  all 

tLn~fh   Vcr^M   */>5'/*>t" 

' 


22  GENUSBUCCINQM- 

the  others  together.  At  the  base  of  each  whirl  of  the  spire,  is 
found  a  transverse  band  of  slightly  apparent,  articulated  black 
points.  A  band,  more  strongly  marked,  the  points  of  which 
are  more  distinctly  observable,  surrounds  the  lower  whirl  of 
the  body  of  the  shell ;  aperture  ovate,  sub-dilated,  smooth, 
canal  short,  feebly  emarginated  ;  columella  white,  nearly 
straight;  right  lip  smooth,  rarely  denticulated,  white  and 
slightly  sharp. 

Length  8  lines.     Width  4  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  the  shores  of  Provence,  Corsi- 
ca, Sicily,  and  Barbary. 

The  coloring  of  this  pretty  little  shell  is  very  variable.  It 
sometimes  happens  that  the  transverse  articulated  bands  do  not 
exist,  or  else  the  longitudinal  waved  bands  are  replaced  by  a 
very  fine  vermiculated  net-work.  It  varies  much  less  in  its 
form ;  nevertheless,  it  sometimes  becomes  thicker ;  the  whirls 
of  the  spire  are  then  more  detached,  and  more  elongated. 

23.  BUCCINUM  GRANUM,  LAM.     The  Grain  Buccinum. 

/nn         ivr        VfafrtMj* 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.) 

PI.  XVI,  fig.  58. 

B.  testa  parvulft,  ovata,  crassiuscula.lsevi,  rufescente,  lineolis  rufis  inter- 
ruptis  cirjctA  ;  spira\  obtusiuscula :  apertura  alb&. 

Shell  small,  ovate,  pretty  thick,  reddish,  smooth,  shining, 
surrounded  with  interrupted,  small,  brown  lines,  more  approx- 
imate towards  the  middle  of  the  lowest  whirl,  and  of  a  deeper 
color  at  the  base;  spire  elongated,  pointed,  composed  of  seven 
slightly  convex  whirls,  surrounded  at  their  upper  part  by  a 
white  band,  sprinkled  with  distant,  brown  points  or  spots; 
aperture  white ;  the  internal  edge  of  the  right  lip  crenulated  ; 
the  external  part  forming  a  smooth,  thick  callus,  of  a  dull 
white,  which  is  continued  upon  the  base  of  the  shell  even  to 
the  columella,  which  is  arcuated  and  folded  at  its  base. 


GENUS      BUCCINUM.  23 

Length  6  lines.     Width  3  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean  upon  the  coasts  of  the  Isle  of 
France. 

This  pretty  species,  which  is  almost  always  transparent,  is 
found  in  most  of  the  collections  ;  but  its  native  place  is  not 
known  with  certainty. 

* 

/  -* 

/  24.  BUCCINUM   SERRATUM,    DV.FRESNE.     The   Scrra&e**Buc-  . 

i*    cinum.  •'*'*  .... 


PI.  IX,  fig.  28. 

B.  testa  elongat&,  turriculata,  violaceo-purpurata,lcevi,  nitida,  longitudi- 
naliter  superne  plicata  ;  spira  acutissima,  anfractibus  convexis,  ultimo  multo 
majore,  depressiusculo  ;  apertura  ovato-oblonga,  violacea  ;  labro  serrato, 
serratura  rubescente. 

Shell  elongated,  turreted,  of  a  purple  violet  color,  smooth, 
brilliant,  presenting  longitudinal  folds  only  upon  the  upper 
whirls  ;  spire  very  pointed,  composed  of  nine  or  ten  convex 
whirls,  the  lowest  of  which  is  much  larger  than  the  others. 
At  the  upper  part  of  the  whirls  there  is  a  more  or  less  broad 
plane  regularly  crowned  with  tubercles  or  folds,  which  disap- 
pear with  age  ;  this  plane  is  much  more  apparent  upon  the 
lowest  whirl,  and  is  bordered  outwardly  by  a  rounded  angle. 
The  aperture  is  ovate,  oblong,  violet  within  and  feebly  striated. 
The  columella  is  almost  straight,  extended  and  projecting  a 
little  beyond  the  lip  ;  some  striae  arise  from  the  base  of  the 
left  lip,  and  are  continued  even  to  the  base  of  the  right  lip  ; 
right  lip  denticulated  without  through  its  whole  length,  partially 
forming  the  angle  towards  the  keel.  The  teeth  are  in  number 
19  or  20,  and  of  a  reddish  color. 

Length  2  inches  3  lines.     Width  9  lines. 
Inhabits  the  South  Sea,  upon  the  coasts  of  California. 


,*W 


•/  •  *•' 

/  /  ' 


24  GENUSBUCCINUM. 

This  large  and  fine  species  was  much  sought  for  several  years 
since ;  it  is  less  rare  at  present  in  cabinets ;  it  is  found  even 
2^-  inches  in  length.  M.  Edoux,  a  distinguished  naturalist, 
collected  in  his  voyages  a  large  number,  which  he  has  lately 
brought  home. 

25.  BUCCINUM  ACHATINUM,  LAM.     The  Agate  Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  pi'.' 977*,  fig.  13. 
&  fa  S^  tr+*j~22prVII,  fig.  21. 


B.  tesia  ovato-elongata,  turrita,  Isevi,  luteo-fufescente  ;•  anfraetibus.  con- 
vexiusculis,  superne  confluentibus ;  spira  apice  obtusiuscula ;  apertura 
leevi,  basi  latiuscula. 

Shell  ovate,  elongated,  subturreted,  smooth,  polished,  of  a 
reddish  yellow  color,  composed  of  seven  whirls,  hardly  con- 
vex. The  suture  which  separates  them  is  simple,  shallow, 
submargined ;  the  summit  moderately  pointed.  Pretty  promi- 
nent striae  of  growth  are  seen  upon  the  lowest  whirl ;  aperture 
ovate,  smooth,  widened  at  the  middle  and  strongly  emarginat- 
ed  at  its  base  ;  columella  yellowish,  smooth  and  arched ;  a 
keel,  continued  from  the  upper  third  of  the  aperture  to  the 
base  of  the  right  lip  ;  the  space  between  the  keel  and  the 
edge  of  the  lip  is  filled  with  oblique  folds.  The  right  lip  is 
simple,  thin,  sharp,  and  slightly  effuse  towards  the  middle. 

Length  2  inches.     Width  6  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Bay  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

This  species,  though  common,  is  rarely  found  perfect  in 
collections.  The  specimens  which  we  procure  are  almost  al- 
ways partially  worn,  by  the  violence  of  the  waves  by  which  they 
have  been  cast  upon  the  shore.  It  appears  to  be  found  only  in 
very  deep  water.  The  animal  resembles  that  of  the  smooth 
Buccinum,  and  like  it  is  blind. 


GENUSBUCCINUM.  35 


'       26.    BUCCINUM    VITTATUM,    LINN.,  GMEL.      The   Cranulated 

Buccinum.     ./,/  ,     //,/      /*  fa  f 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  pi.  977,  fig.  34.___ 

PI.  IX,  fig.  26  et  30  var.     «kff£  * f  ^'^*  '  '/' 

B.  testd  conico-acuta,subturritc\,albido-cornea.  vel  cinereo-CEerulescente  ; 
anfractibus  convexis,  striis  impressis  teriuibus  distantibus  cinctis  superne 
bicingulatis  :  cingulis  plicato-granulosis ;  fauce  fulvo-fuscescente. 

Shell  elongated,  conical,  slightly  turreted,  of  a  bluish  or 
ashy  white  color ;  spire  very  pointed  at  its  summit,  composed 
of  nine  or  ten  slightly  convex  whirls,  united  by  a  shallow 
suture,  and  furnished  at  their  upper  part  with  very  close  small 
folds  or  granulations ;  these  folds  form  a  girdle,  and 'crown  the 
whirls,  which  are  again  ornamented  throughout  their  whole 
length  with  transverse  thin  ridges,  more  strongly  prominent 
towards  the  base  ;  there  appear,  besides,  upon  the  lowest 
whirl,  oblique  striae  of  growth  pretty  apparent,  and  presenting 
sometimes  the  appearance  of  varices  ;  one  or  two  striae  separate 
also  the  folds  from  the  upper  marginal  edge.  The  aperture 
is  oblong,  slightly  narrowed,  dilated  at  its  base,  where  it  is 
terminated  by  a  very  deep  and  slightly  oblique  emargination. 
The  interior  of  the  aperture  is  of  a  brown  fawn  color;  right 
lip  white,  thin  and  sharp ;  columella  white  and  rounded. 

Length  2  inches  2  lines.     Width  8  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean. 

Lamarck  has  withdrawn  this  species  from  the  genus  BUCCI- 
NUM of  Linnaeus,  in  order  to  unite  it  to  the  genus  TEREBRA  of 
Bruguiere.  This  learned  naturalist,  in  determining  this  shell, 
regarded  merely  the  length  of  the  spire ;  but  it  has  in  many 
respects  so  much  alliance  to  the  BUCCTNA,  that  many  recent 
authors  think  it  should  be  restored  to  the  genus,  where  Linnaeus 
originally  placed  it.  The  coloring  of  this  shell  is  quite  varia- 
ble. Some  specimens  are  of  a  livid  yellow,  others  of  a  bluish 
violet.  Lamarck  has  also  established,  as  a  species,  under  the  \ 


26  GENUSBUCCINUM. 

name  of  TEREBRA  granulosa,  a  variety  of  the  BUCCINUM  vittatum, 
to  which  Chemnitz,  who  perceived  its  relation  to  this  last  spe- 
cies; ha(}  -assigned  its  proper  place  in  his  great  work,  pi.  188, 
fig.  181(3,  under  the  title  of  Variety  of  BUCCINUM  vittatum. 

Des^ha^es,  inJBell  anger's  Voyage  to  the  East  Indies,  has  given, 
pi.  2^  fig.  3  ana  4, 'as  a  new  species,  under  the  name  of  BUCCI- 
NUM melanoides,  a  shell  altogether  similar  to  the  variety  of  Chem- 
nitz ;  the  only  difference  which  I  have  been  able  to  discover  is 
found  in  the  spire,  which  is  a  little  more  inflected. 

¥    27.  BUCCINUM  SENTICOSUM,  LINN.     The  File  Bucdnum. 
(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  pi.  967,  fig.  22. 


B.  testa  ovato-oblonga,  subturrita,  scabra,  longitudinaliter  plicata,  striis 
transversis  elevatis  cancellata,rufescente  aut  rubescente,inferne  zona  rufo- 
rubente  cincta ;  plicis  per  totam  longitudinem  denticulato-asperis ;  colu- 
mella  plicata  aut  biplicata. 

Shell  ovate,  oblong,  rough,  slightly  turreted,  its  entire  sur- 
face apparently  armed  with  small  spifes  ;  spire  pointed,  com- 
posed of  nine  or  ten  rather  convex  whirls,  furnished  with 
longitudinal  folds  or  ribs,  somewhat  distant,  and  formed  by 
the  elevations  of  transverse  striae,  which  are  also  cut  trans- 
versely by  other  striae  elevated  and  resembling  sharp  scales ; 
these  are  a  little  more  prominent  upon  the  convexity  of  the 
longitudinal  ribs  than  in  their  interstices,  and  it  is  their  pro- 
longation in  this  part,  which  causes  them  to  resemble  small 
spines.  Its  color  is  reddish,  varied  with  fawn-colored  or  clear 
chestnut-brown  spots  ;  oftentimes  the  lower  whirl  presents, 
towards  its  middle,  a  transverse  brown  band,  the  half  only  of 
which  can  be  seen  upon  the  upper  whirls,  the  whole  length  of 
the  sutures.  The  aperture  is  whitish,  ovate,  elongated,  nar- 
rowed towards  its  base  ;  the  right  lip  has  a  slight  obliquity, 
relatively  to  the  axis  of  the  shell ;  it  is  slightly  crenulated 
upon  the  lip,  and  furnished  interiorly  with  fifteen  or  sixteen 
transverse  stria?  which  are  continued  even  to  the  depth  of  the 


GENUSBUCCINUM.  27 

cavity ;  the  emargination  is  very  oblique,  accompanied  exter- 
nally by  a  thick,  rounded,  and  twisted  varix,  which,  revolving 
around  the  axis,  terminates  below  the  folds  of  the  columella ; 
this  is  slightly  arcuated ;  one  or  two  oblique  folds  are  delineat- 
ed at  its  base. 

Length  1  inch  9  lines.     Width  9  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean,  the  coasts  of  the  Island  of  Am- 
boyna,  the  Moluccas,  and  New  Holland. 

Lamarck  had  also  separated  this  shell  from  the  BUCCINUM  of 
Linnaeus,  to  place  it  in  his  genus  CANCELLARIA,  under  the  name  of 
CANCELLARIA  senticosa.  The  folds  which  exist  at  the  base  of  the 
columella,  and  the  asperities  which  cover  the  entire  surface  of 
the  shell,  induced  him  to  place  it  in  this  manner ;  but  the  folds 
are  always  more  numerous  and  more  prominent  in  the  genus 
where  he  arranged  this  species.  Lately  M.  Quoy  has  made 
known,  in  his  beautiful  work,  the  organization  of  the  animal, 
and  he  has  accurately  marked  out  the  place  which  the  shell 
should  occupy,  by  placing  it  anew  in  the  genus  BUCCINUM,  to 
which  it  belongs. 

This  shell  is  very  remarkable  for  its  form,  and  particularly 
for  the  asperities  which  we  have  described.  Lamarck  points 
out  a  variety  of  this  species  under  the  letter  B  ;  but  the  diffe- 
rences which  he  remarked,  were  produced  only  by  the  greater 
freshness  of  the  specimen  which  he  had  observed. 

28.  BUCCINUM  TIGRINUM,  NOBIS.     The  Tiger  Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.) 

PI.  X,  fig.  32. 

B.  testa  ovata,  elongata,  subturricula,  fulvescente ;  spira  conica,  acuta, 
plicis  rotundatis  transversis  cincta,  longitudinaliter  maculis  spadiceis  et 
fusco-albidis  ,  anfractibus  convexiusculis  ;  apertura  alba,  ovatA,  elongata  ; 
columellii  crassa,  alba  ;  labro  dextro  tenui. 

Shell  ovate,  elongated,  subturreted,  generally  of  a  clear 
fawn  color,  marked  with  numerous  spots  of  a  deep  chestnut 


28  GENUS     BUCCINUM. 

or  reddish  color,  oblong  or  quadrangular,  alternating  with 
other  similar  spots  of  a  dull  white :  the  first,  oftentimes,  form 
longitudinal  bands  ;  spire  conical,  pointed,  formed  of  six  slightly 
convex  whirls,  the  lowest  of  which  is  as  large  as  all  the  others ; 
they  are  flattened  and  angular  at  the  upper  part,  crowned  upon 
the  angle  by  a  subgranulated  margin ;  the  suture  is  accom- 
panied at  the  upper  part  of  each  whirl,  by  a  small,  slightly 
convex  and  undulating  margin ;  upon  the  lower  whirl  are  seen 
nine  rounded,  transverse,  very  angular  folds :  the  other  whirls 
are  also  ornamented  with  three  folds.  The  spaces  between 
them  bear  fine  transverse  striae.  The  aperture  is  white,  ovate, 
elongated ;  columella  thick,  rounded,  white  and  almost  straight. 
The  right  edge  is  thin,  and  slightly  sharp. 

Length  1  inch  7  lines.     Width  8  lines. 
Inhabits 

This  species,  whose  locality  we  do  not  know,  is  rare  in  col- 
lections. It  is  easily  recognised  by  its  form,  and  its  coloring, 
which  gives  it  a  spotted  appearance. 


29.  BUCCINUM  DISCOLOR,  QUOY  et  GAIM.    The  Discolored  Buc- 

cinum. 

(Collect.  MASS,  et  Mus.  LAM.)    CHEMN.,  pi.  150,  fig.  1405-6. 
PI.  XI,  fig.  39. 

B.  test£  parvd,  oliviformi,  violaceo-grisea,  transversim  tenuissime  striata ; 
spira  acuta,  superne  plicis  longitudinalibus  distincta  ;  anfractibus  convex- 
iusculis  ;  apertura  cinerea,  ovata  ;  columella  Isevi ;  labro  dextro  denticulate, 
intus  plicato. 

Shell  small,  olive-shaped ;  color  varied  with  violet  and 
gray ;  longitudinal  brown  lines,  distant ;  a  white,  decurrent 
band  surrounds  the  middle  of  the  lower  whirl ;  spire  pointed, 
formed  of  six  slightly  convex  whirls,  covered  with  transverse 
striae ;  slightly  apparent  longitudinal  folds  upon  the  two  or 
three  lowest  whirls.  The  aperture  is  of  an  ashy  gray,  ovate, 


GENUS     BUCCINUM.  29 

moderate  size,  narrowed  at  the  base,  forming  at  its  upper  part 
a  canal,  with  a  sinus  bounded  by  two  teeth  behind ;  columella 
smooth,  almost  straight,  with  two  fold-like  guttules  at  its  ter- 
mination ;  right  lip  denticulated,  and  folded  internally. 

Length  8  lines.     Width  4  lines. 
Inhabits  New  Holland,  and  the  Island  of  Tonga-Tabou. 

De  Blainville,  in  the  1st  volume  of  the  Nouvelles  Annales  du 
Museum,  page  254,  pi.  12,  fig.  9,  has  united  this  pretty  little 
shell  to  the  genus  PURPURA,  under  the  name  of  PURPURA  glimna. 
Quoy  and  Gaimard,  who  brought  it  from  the  island  of  Tonga- 
Tabou,  figured  it  about  the  same  time  in  their  Voyage  autour 
du  Monde,  pi.  30,  fig.  23,  25,  under  the  name  of  BUCCINUM  dis- 
color ;  we  have  retained  the  place  and  the  name  given  it  by 
these  voyagers. 

30.  BUCCJNUM  Jp.riAINVILI.il,  DESK.    Blainmlle's  Buccinum. 
(Collect.  MASS.)     CHEMN.,  pi.  125JJ&J201  -2.  / 


TJT      "VT      C.  — .      OO 

r i.  Ai,  ng.  oo. 

B.  testa  ovata,  elongata,  albescente  ;  spira  acuta,  cancellata,  costulis  lon- 
gitudinalibua  et  striis  transversis  decussata  ;  anfractibus  angustis,  in  medio 
carinatis  ;  apertura  ovata,  violascente  ;  columella  rufescente  ;  labro  dextro 
intua  tenue  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  elongated,  of  a  yellowish  white ;  spire  pretty 
elevated,  pointed,  latticed  ;  composed  of  six  or  seven  rounded 
whirls,  slightly  compressed,  furnished  with  numerous,  longitu- 
dinal folds  or  small  ribs,  crossed  by  acute  and  very  fine  re- 
volving striae  ;  one  of  these  striae  is  more  raised,  and  forms  a 
keel  upon  the  middle  of  each  whirl,  composed  of  a  row  of  tu- 
bercles. The  lowest  whirl  is  more  developed,  and  larger 
than  all  the  others  united  ;  the  keel  of  this  is  situated  nearer 
the  upper  part.  The  aperture  is  ovate,  elongated,  slightly 
.narrowed,  of  a  violet-brown  within.  The  columella  is  red- 
dish, and  marked  with  two  brown  spots ;  at  its  base  there  is  a 


30  GENUS      BUCCINUM. 

small,  very  oblique  fold ;  the  lip  is  straight,  reddish,  furnished 
internally  with  numerous  transverse  striae. 

Length  11  lines.     Width  5  lines. 

Inhabits  the  coasts  of  Malabar,  and  the  island  of  Vanikoro. 
It  was  brought  from  the  latter  place  by  Quoy  and  Gaimard. 

Lately,  and  almost  at  the  same  time,  this  shell  has  been  de- 
scribed by  three  authors,  under  three  different  names :  the  first, 
Wood,  in  his  catalogue,  has  called  it  BUCCINUM  textum,  pi.  28, 
fig.  113.  Deshayes,  describing  it  in  the  Voyage  aux  Indes 
Orientates  of  Bellanger,  gave  it  the  name  of  BUCCINUM  Blain- 
villii ;  and,  lastly,  Quoy  and  Gaimard,  at  the  same  time,  figured 
it  in  their  second  Voyage  autour  du  monde,  pi.  32,  fig.  30-31, 
under  the  name  of  BUCCINUM  cancellatum. 


31.  BUCCINUM  COSTATUM,  QUOY  et  GAIM.     The  Ribbed  Buc- 

cinum. 


(Collect,  du  Museum.)      Voyage  de  /'  Astrolabe,  pi.  30,  fig. 
t         17-18. 

PI.  XI,  fig.  3G  et  37. 

B.  testi  ovato-conica,  albo-grisea,longitudinaliter  costulata,  transverslm 
tenuissime  striata  ;  spira  acuta  ;  anfractibus  convexis,  depressis,  et  superne 
angulatis,  in  medio  carinatis  ;  apertur&  ovaliformi,  castanea  ;  labro  dextro 
latiusculo,  tenui,  intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  elongated,  of  an  ashy  gray,  often  covered  with 
reddish  points.  The  spire  is  pointed,  attenuated  at  its  two 
extremities,  composed  of  seven  convex  whirls,  flattened,  and 
angular  at  their  upper  part,  ornamented  in  nearly  all  their 
length  with  longitudinal  folds  or  ribs,  tuberculated  at  their 
summit,  and  crowning  the  whirls.  These  ribs  rarely  extend 
to  the  base  of  the  lowest  whirl.  There  may  be  observed, 
besides,  upon  the  exterior  surface,  numerous  transverse  striae, 
very  fine  and  very  close,  which,  at  the  base  of  the  lowest 
whirl,  are  changed  to  wrinkles  more  or  less  numerous.  The 
aperture  is  ovate,  its  interior  of  an  ashy  violet,  the  oblique 


GENUS     BUCCINUM.  3] 

emargination  pretty  strongly  marked.  The  right  lip  is  a  little 
dilated  and  sharp  ;  within  striated,  and  of  a  reddish  brown,  as 
well  as  the  columella,  which  is  straight  and  somewhat  twisted 
at  its  base. 

Length  14  lines.     Width  6  lines. 
Inhabits  the  port  of  King  George,  in  New  Holland. 

The  form,  and  particularly  the  color  of  this  shell,  are  quite 
variable,  duoy  and  Gaimard,  who  established  this  species, 
mention  several  varieties,  one  of  which,  smaller,  is  found  at  the 
Bay  of  the  Isles,  at  New  Zealand  (Voyage  de  F  Astrolabe,  pi. 
30,  fig.  14-16) ;  they  have  given  another  in  the  same  work, 
pi.  30,  fig.  19-20 ;  they  have,  besides,  noticed  two  other  varie- 
ties of  this  shell,  one  of  which,  also  smaller,  has  a  reddish 
ground,  with  spiral  brown  bands  upon  the  sutures ;  the  other 
has  distant  and  well  marked  transverse  striae.  We  give,  of  this 
species,  pi.  XI,  fig.  37,  a  variety  which  has  a  narrower  elongated 
aperture,  and  which  is  covered  with  more  or  less  oblong  spots, 
with  a  band  of  a  bluish  color  covering  the  middle  of  the  lowest 
whirl. 


32.  BUCCINUM  ALVEOLATUM,  NOBIS.     The   Chequered  Buc- 

cinum. 


(Collect.  MASS,  et  Mus.) 
Pi.  X,  %.  34. 

B.  testa  ovato-oblonga,  rufo-virescente  aut  albescente,  transverslm  plicata, 
nigris  albisque  maculis  distincta  ;  spira  elongata  ;  anfractibus  convexis, 
superne  longitudinaliter  plicatis  ;  apertura  ovata,  fauce  cinerea;  labro  dex- 
tro  tenui,  intus  transverslm  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  elongated,  of  a  greenish  or  whitish  red,  marked 
with  approximate  slightly  apparent  transverse  folds,  colored 
with  numerous  articulated  black  and  white  spots,  always  hav- 
ing a  square  or  elongated  form  ;  spire  rather  elongated,  com- 
posed of  six  convex  whirls,  sutures  simple  ;  the  first  five  pro- 
vided with  sub-tuberculated  longitudinal  folds,  the  lowest  as 


32  GENUS     BUCCINUM. 

long  as  all  the  others  together,  slightly  flattened  at  its  upper 
part,  and  destitute  of  longitudinal  ribs.  In  some  specimens 
these  ribs  which  cover  the  whirls  disappear  entirely.  Aper- 
ture ovate,  ash  colored  at  its  depth ;  right  lip  thin,  sharp, 
marked  with  transverse  brown  lines  and  striae  internally ;  colu- 
mella  nearly  straight,  slightly  twisted  at  its  base,  accompanied 
at  its  lower  third,  by  a  thick,  rounded  and  twisted  callosity, 
which  terminates  at  the  base  of  the  notch. 

Length  14  lines.     Width  7  lines. 
Inhabits  port  Western  in  New  Holland. 

Quoy  and  Gaimard  considered  this  species  as  a  variety  of  the 
BUCCINUM  testudineum,  but  without  positively  affirming  it.  In- 
deed it  is  perfectly  distinguished  from  that  by  many  differences : 
the  B.  alveolatum  is  smaller,  the  folds  which  cover  it  are  project- 
ing, their  peculiar  distribution  give  them  a  square  or  elongated 
form,  which  we  have  compared  to  a  chequer-board.  In  young 
specimens  these  spots  are  often  arranged  in  diamonds.  These 
spots  are  more  deeply  colored  than  in  the  B.  testudineum,  the 
whirls  are  more  convex,  and  the  folds  which  cover  them  are  very 
apparent.  The  lowest  whirl  of  the  shell  is  also  compressed 
above.  The  aperture  of  this  which  we  have  described,  instead 
•of  being  smooth  and  of  a  chamois-yellow  color  like  the  B.  testu- 
dineum,  is  invariably  violet',  with  the  lip  feebly  furrowed  within. 
Finally,  these  two  species  do  not  inhabit  the  same  localities. 


33.    BUCCINUM    VIOLACEUM,   Quov   et  GAIM.      The    Violet 

Buccinum. 

(Collect,  du  Museum.)     Voyage,  de  V Astrolabe,  pL  30,  fig. 

32-34. 

PI.  VIII,  fig.  23. 

B.  testa  ovata,  globulosa,  fuscescente,  violacea,  transversim  sulcata ;  spira 
brevi,  obtusft,  laevi ;  anfractibus  convexis,  ultimo  spira  majore ;  apertura 
dilatata,  ovaliformi,  fuscescente  ;  labro  dextro  intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  globular,  ventricose,  of  a  violaceous  red  brown, 


GENMJS      BrcriNFM.  33 

ornamented  with  numerous  transverse,  rather  broad  folds,  of  a 
deeper  color  ;  the  furrows  shallow  ;  spire  obtuse  and  rounded. 
The  whirls  are  convex,  and  four  in  number,  the  lowest  much 
larger  than  all  the  others  united.  The  aperture  is  wide,  oval, 
of  a  bright  brown ;  right  lip  thin,  striated  internally  ;  columella 
rounded. 

Length  16  lines.     Width  9  lines. 

Inhabits  Table  Bay  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  where  M. 
Quoy  supposes  it  to  be  common,  by  the  fragments  he  there 
met  with. 

To  Quoy  and  Gaimard  we  are  indebted  for  this  new  species, 
which  may  be  easily  confounded  with  the  PURPURA  cruentata  of 
Lamarck,  as  has  been  well  remarked  by  these  learned  natural- 
ists ;  but'  it  is»more  TF0fhTO,«4lfefc»nore  ventricose  than  the  last  ; 
the  transverse  striae  are  larger  and  less  numerous  ;  the  aperture 
is  less  dilated,  and  the  canal  a  little  less  elongated. 


34.  BUCCINUM  ACICUL.ATUM,  LAM.     The  Needle-shaped  Buc- 

cinum. 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     BLAINV.  Faune  Fran^.,  pi.  6,  c., 

fig.  1. 

Pi.  XVI,  fig.  55. 

B.  testa  elongato-subulata,  basi  transverslm  striata,  colore  varia,  diversi- 
mode  fasciata  aut  zonata  ;  anfractibus  longitudinaliter  plicatis,  noduloso- 
crenulatis,  ultimo  spira  breviore. 

Shell  elongated,  narrow,  turreted,  formed  of  nine  or  ten 
very  distinct  whirls,  slightly  convex,  ornamented  with  a  great 
number  of  ribs  formed  like  folds,  subnodulous,  approximate, 
numerous,  and  slightly  raised  upon  the  lowest  whirl  ;  these 
ribs  are  apparent  only  at  the  upper  part,  whilst  the  base  is 
provided  with  transverse  striae,  easily  distinguished  ;  aperture 
ovate,  strongly  notched  ;  right  lip  thin,  sharp,  rounded  at  the 
lower  extremity  ;  columella  a  little  bent.  The  general  color 
Buccinum.  c 


34  GENUS      B  U  C  C  I  N  II  M  . 

is  of  a  yellowish  white,  ornamented  with  ferruginous,  minute 
lines,  and  with  a  surrounding  band  of  a  bluish  brown,  below 
each  suture.  The  lowest  whirl  presents,  towards  its  base, 
another  larger  and  deeper  colored  band,  which  is  obvious 
within  the  aperture. 

Length  7  to  8  lines.     Width  2  to  3  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  the  coasts  of  Provence,  and  of 
Sicily. 

This  pretty  little  species  is  quite  common  in  collections,  and 
is  very  remarkable  for  its  elongated  form,  which  naturally  places 
it  near  the  B.  vittatum. 

35.  BUCCINUM  BEL.L.ANGERI,  NOBIS.    Bellanger'sBuccinum. 

4+t.  g**  wi./fXy*?  ft 

(Collect.  MASS.)     MART,  et  CHEMN.,  pi.  155,  fig.  1463. 

PI.  XIV,  fig.  48. 

B.  testa  elongata,  subturrita,  cserulescente,  apice  acuta;  anfractibus  con- 
vexis,  sutura  marginat&  separatis,  ultimo  basi  striato ;  apertura  ovatd ; 
columella  arcuata,  basi  uniplicata.  Desh. 

Shell  elongated,  narrow,  subturreted,  of  a  bright,  transparent 
ash  color,  covered  with  longitudinal  waved  and  reddish  lines ; 
spire  elongated,  composed  of  seven  or  eight  slightly  convex 
whirls,  marked  at  their  upper  part  by  a  marginated  suture,  and 
two  slightly  apparent  striae  towards  the  base  ;  the  lowest  whirl 
shorter  than  the  spire,  marked  at  its  base  with  regular,  trans- 
verse striae  or  ridges  ;  aperture  oval,  oblong,  smooth,  white  ; 
right  lip  thin  and  sharp,  slightly  plaited  internally.  The  colu- 
mella, slightly  arcuated,  is  terminated  by  a  pretty  prominent 
oblique  fold. 

Length  15  lines.     Width  6  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  the  coasts  of  Ceylon. 

This  beautiful  species  has  lately  been  brought  home  by  Bel- 
langer,  a  distinguished  naturalist,  to  whom  science  is  indebted 


( ;  E  N  u  s    B  u  c  c  I N  u  M  .  %& 

for  numerous  observations  upon  natural  history,  collected  in  a 
voyage  to  the  East  Indies.  Deshayes,  who  had  charge  of  the 
portion  relating  to  the  Mollusca,  in  the  narrative  of  that  voyage, 
has  figured  the  shell  which  we  have  described,  under  the  name 
ofpolitum,  on  account  of  its  analogy  with  the  fossil  shell  of  the 
same  name,  found  by  Basterot  in  the  environs  of  Piedmont.  But 
as  this  same  name,  politum,  had  been  already  given  by  Lamarck 
to  a  shell  of  this  genus,  we  have  thought  proper  to  substitute  for 
it  the  name  of  him  who  first  made  known  this  new  species. 

/ 
36.  BUCCINUM  VIVERRATUM,  NOBIS.     The  Civet  Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.)  /iTft^W  .  J/ct*«J+\J 

PI.  X.  fig.  35.        ^e*ni   V^./*jMJ 

B.  testa  ovato-elongata,  fusifonni,  oleaginea;  spira  acuta;  anfractibus 
convexiusculis,  superne  longitudinaliter  plicatis,  inferne  transversim 
striatis,  longitudinalibus  maculis  spadiceis  et  fusco-albidis ;  apertura  ovata, 
elongata,  intus  caerulescente ;  columella  albida,  tenui;  labro  dextro  tenui, 
intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  elongated,  spindle-shaped,  of  an  olive  color ; 
spire  pointed,  formed  of  six  or  seven  slightly  convex  whirls, 
the  lowest  larger  than  all  the  others  together,  slightly  angular, 
and  flattish  above.  The  edge  of  the  angle  in  young  speci- 
mens, is  more  prominent,  and  bordered  by  a  row  of  pretty 
apparent  tubercles,  which  disappear  with  age.  Sutures  slightly 
perceptible.  The  first  three  upper  whirls  are  covered  with 
very  approximate  small  longitudinal  folds ;  the  others  are  or- 
namented externally  merely,  with  numerous,  regular  transverse 
striae,  between  which  are  distinguished  other  very  delicate 
ones.  These  striae  are  interrupted  by  elongated  white  or  red- 
dish spots,  often  presenting  grayish  flammules  upon  the  upper 
whirls.  Aperture  ovate,  elongated,  attenuated  at  its  two  ex- 
tremities. Interior  bluish.  Columella  whitish,  smooth,  almost 
straight,  and  a  little  twisted  at  its  base.  Lip  straight,  thin, 
sharp,  lightly  striated  at  its  inner  edge  with  brown  lines. 

Length   14  lines.     Width  7  lines. 


36  G  E  N  U  gs      B  TT  C  C  I  N  TJ  M  . 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  the  coast  of  Alexandria. 

The  form  of  this  species  might  lead  one  to  confound  it  with 
the  Fusi,  and  still  more  with  the  PURPUR.E  ;  but  it  is  distin- 
guished from  the  former,  by  its  much  shorter  canal,  and  less 
elongated  spire ;  it  is  removed  also  from  the  PURPURJE  by  its 
less  dilated  aperture,  and  the  columella  being  less  flattened 
towards  the  base. 

37.  BUCCINUM  TRANQUEBARICUM,  GMEL.     The  Tranque- 


(Collect.  MASS.  .LAM.)     MART.,  Conch.,  4,  t.  123,  fig.  1 146- 
•»  1147. 

PI.  XXIII,  fig.  92. 

B.  testa  ovata,  ventricosa,  longitudinaliter  costata,  transversim  striata, 
albescente  aut  rufescente ;  anfractibus  superne  angulatis ;  spira  con- 
tabulata. 

Shell  ovate,  ventricose,  of  an  uniform  whitish  or  reddish 
color,  furnished  with  ten  or  twelve  longitudinal  folds  upon 
each  whirl,  and  crossed  by  numerous  transverse  striae,  covered 
with  a  thin,  brown  epidermis ;  spire  but  little  raised,  subturret- 
ed,  pointed  at  its  upper  extremity,  formed  of  five  or  six  taper- 
ing whirls,  flattened,  keeled,  crowned  at  their  upper  part,  and 
constricted  at  their  suture.  The  aperture  is  ovate,  emargina- 
tion  slightly  oblique.  Right  lip  rather  thin,  of  an  orange 
color,  denticulated,  and  strongly  striated  within.  Columella 
subumbilicated,  smooth,  brown  or  reddish  colored ;  the  left 
lip  having  a  callosity  at  the  base,  and  partially  covering  the 
commencement  of  an  umbilicus. 

Length  20  lines.     Width  1  inch. 

Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean,  the  coast  of  Coromandel,  the 
South  Sea,  the  coasts  of  Chili. 

This  shell,  so  remarkable  for  its  form,  has  been  divided  by 
Sowerby  into  two  species ;  he  has  retained  for  the  first  the  name 


r.  E  \  r  s     it  r  <;r  r  \  r  M 


37 


BUCCINUM  Tranquebaricum,  and  has  called  the  second,  PUR- 
PURA  mdanostoma ;  he  has  given  a  figure  of  these  two  species  in 
his  Genera,  No.  25,  pi.  5,  fig.  5  et  6. 

The  difference  between  young  specimens  and  adults,  has  led 
into  this  error  :  the  latter,  much  larger,  have  their  transverse 
striae  more  prominent ;  and  the  longitudinal  folds  of  the  lowest 
whirl,  which  are  distinguished  in  a  very  striking  manner  upon 
the  young  specimens,  disappear  insensibly  with  age. 


38.    BUCCINUM   COROMANDELIANUM,  LAM       The  Coro- 
f      mandel  Buccinum.  (^ji^A^ 

(Collect.  MASS^  LAM.)     LIST.  pi.  939,  fig.  34,  a. 

PI.  XXII,  fig.  85. 

B.  testa  ovata,  longitudinaliter  plicata,  'tran verse  sulcata  et  striata,rufes- 
cente  ;  plicis  nodiferis  ;  ultimo  anfractu  superne  angulato  ;  spira  exsertius- 
cula  ;  apertura  alba  ;  labro  crassiusculo,  inttis  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  thick,  solid,  bi-conical,  whitish,  covered  with  a 
reddish  epidermis,  having  nine  or  ten  longitudinal  folds,  more 
strongly  marked  upon  the  last  whirl,  rarely  prolonged  as  far  as 
the  base,  and  regularly  divided  into  tubercles  by  more  promi- 
nent transverse  striae,  the  interstices  of  which  are  furnished 
with  other  much  finer  and  very  approximate  striae  ;  spire  ob- 
tuse at  its  summit,  composed  of  five  or  six  slightly  distinct 
whirls  ;  the  lowest  very  broad,  flattened  at  its  upper  part,  and 
sub-angular ;  aperture  white,  ovate,  narrowed  at  its  base, 
canaliculated  at  its  upper  part,  at  its  union  with  the  lip  which 
is  thin  and  denticulated  at  the  edge,  striated  within.  Exter- 
nally, in  adult  shells,  a  pretty  prominent  varix  is  observed. 
Columella  slightly  bent,  furnished  throughout  its  whole  length 
with  small  nodules. 

Length  1  inch.     Width  6  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean,  the  coasts  of  Coromandel,  near 
Tranquebar,  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  the  coasts  of  the  Island  of 
Cuba. 


. 


38  GENUS      BUCCINUM. 

The  form  of  this  shell,  and  the  folds  which  are  delineated 
upon  its  surface  render  it  very  remarkable.  The  very  apparent 
margin  of  the  right  lip  gives  it  a  resemblance  to  the  BUCCINUM 
undosum  of  Quoy  and  Gaimard,but  it  differs  materially  in  several 
points.  It  is  invariably  smaller,  the  upper  part  of  the  last  whirl 
is  flattened,  and  the  aperture  canaliculated  at  the  upper  part  is 
above  all  a  very  obvious  distinctive  mark. 

39.  BUCCINUM  LYRATUM,  LAM.     The  Lyre  Buccinum. 

-  j^ Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  pi.  968,  fig.  22,  c. 

PI.  XXII,  fig.  88.    £~.fl./7*.>#  « 

B.  testa  ovato-oblonga,  crassiuscula,  superne  inferneque  transversim 
striata,  albo-cseruleseente ;  plicis  distantibus  prominulis,  basi  obliquis,  ver- 
sus labrura  tenuioribus  magisque  confertis ;  spira  brevi ;  labro  intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  oblong,  thick,  of  a  bluish  white,  with  distant 
red  spots ;  spire  short  and  pointed,  upon  which  may  be  count- 
ed five  or  six  indistinct  whirls ;  suture  simple.  These  whirls 
are  ornamented  with  longitudinal  folds  or  ribs,  narrow,  and 
regular,  finer  and  closer  towards  the  lip.  Upon  the  lowest 
whirl,  which  is  somewhat  ventricose,  the  ribs  are  slightly 
arcuated  throughout  their  whole  length  ;  they  descend  quite  to 
the  base,  and  towards  that  point  they  are  intersected  by  trans- 
verse striae.  Similar  stria3  exist  at  the  upper  part  of  the  low- 
est whirl,  which  is  flattened.  Aperture  elongated,  and  dilated 
in  the  middle,  the  interior  is  violet  colored ;  lip  thick,  striated 
internally. 

Length  9  lines.     Width  4J-  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Seas  of  Senegal. 

The  appearance  of  this  shell  is  pleasing  and  peculiar ;  it  is 
somewhat  related  to  some  Volutes.  It  is  found  fossil  at  Dax. 
It  has  been  described  and  figured  under  the  name  of  NASSA 
Desnoyersi,  by  M.  Basterot,  in  his  Memoire  sur  la  Geologic  des 
environs  de  Bordeaux,  page  50,  pi.  2,  fig.  13. 


G  E  N  U  S      B  U  C  C  I  N  U  M  .  39 


40.  BUCC1NUM   UNI)OSUM,^%*Jr*e1—  torn*.     The   Undulating 
Buccinum. 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  Conch.,  t.  938,  fig.  33. 

PI.  XII,  %  41,  a.  b.  c.    c^VTW^-  4*0f 

B.  test&  ovato-biconica,  crassiuscula,  solida,  albo-rufescente  ;  epidermi 
fusca,  villosa;  anfractibus  distinctis,  transversim  subnodulose  plicatis,fusco 
vel  atro-rubescentibus,  ultimo  cseteris  multo  majore,  longitudinaliter  costu- 
lato  ;  apertura  ovato-elongata,  albida,  luteo  margine;  labro  crasso,  dentato, 
inttis  striato  ;  columella  callosa. 

Shell  ovate,  bi-conic,  quite  thick,  solid,  of  a  reddish  white, 
and  covered  with  a  brown,  velvety  epidermis  ;  the  whirls 
moderate,  pretty  distinct,  six  in  number,  and  provided  with 
decurrent,  subnodulous  striae,  of  a  brownish  or  blackish  red. 
The  intervals  white,  and  furnished  with  very  fine  striae  scarcely 
^apparent  ;  the  lowest  whirl  much  larger  than  all  the  others 
together,  and  having  five  or  six  thick,  obtuse  longitudinal  folds 
or  ribs,  which  are  rarely  continued  as  far  as  the  base  of  the 
shell,  and  oftentimes  form  only  tubercles,  particularly  in  old 
shells.  Aperture  ovate,  elongated,  whitish,  bordered  with 
yellow  ;  canal  slightly  prolonged,  emargination  slight  and 
oblique.  The  lip,  which  is  thickened  by  age,  is  denticulated 
throughout  its  whole  length,  and  furrowed  internally.  Colu- 
mella wrinkled,  covered  at  its  base  with  a  thin,  raised  callosity. 

Length  1  inch  9  lines.     Width  1  inch. 

Inhabits  the  Straits  of  Malacca,  and  the  coasts  of  the  Isle  of 
France. 

A  single  character  observed  in  this  shell,  that  of  the  margin 
on  the  right  lip,  led  Lamarck  to  withdraw  it  from  the  genus 
BUCCINUM  of  Linnaeus,  to  make  his  Buccinum-formed  Triton  ; 
but  this  margin  is  too  imperfectly  formed  in  all  the  specimens  of 
this  species  to  justify  any  such  separation.  This  shell  presents 
a  great  number  of  varieties  ;  the  longitudinal  ribs  are  sometimes 
slightly  marked,  or  do  not  exist  ;  at  other  times,  on  the  contrary, 


40  G  E  N  U  S      B  Lr  ('.  r  I  N  U  M  . 

they  are  raised  and  noduled.  From  these  distinctions,  some 
authors  have  sougli**-fco-dWJde-it  into  several  species ;  but  when 
we  have  before  us  a  large  number  of  specimens  of  different  ages, 
it  is  impossible  not  to  recognise  the  identity  which  exists  among 
them. 

A  series  of  forms,  and  the  differences  of  the  two  extremes  of 
age  may  have  led  to  the  error  which  we  are  noticing,  and  to 
classing  the  varieties  of  a  single  species  as  several  species  ;  but 
an  examination  and  study  of  the  intermediate  ages,  by  bringing 
to  view  their  different  relations,  lead  at  once  to  the  necessity  of 
uniting  them  ;  so  important  is  it  to  examine  shells  in  all  the 
modifications  which  age  and  locality  can  produce  in  their  very 
forms,  before  settling  their  classification.  Simple  varieties  of 
the  shell  we  are  describing,  have  caused  it  to  be  divided  into 
four  species ;  we  will  now  endeavor  to  point  out  the  differences 
which  separate  them,  or  the  resemblances  which  unite  them,  by 
comparing  them  successively  to  our  type  which  we  give  in  plate 
12,  fig.  41.  By  this  examination  we  shall  be  convinced  that 
the  folds  which  have  been  considered  as  distinctive  characters 
diminish  or  increase,  by  insensible  degrees,  in  each  of  the 
varieties. 

The  first,  which  we  admit  in  our  work  as  variety  B,  pi.  12, 
^  fig.  41 ,  b.  is  described  by  Gmelin  under  the  name  of  BUCCINUM 
affine ;  it  is  the  same  as  that  called  by  Quoy  and  Gaimard  BUC- 
CINUM cinctum,  Voyage  de  ?  Astrolabe,  pi.  30,  fig.  5-6-7.  It  is 
ovate,  smaller  than  our  type,  of  the  same  color  as  the  B.  undo- 
sum.  It  is  merely  ornamented  with  transverse  and  rounded 
threads,  and  it  is  only  upon  some  specimens  that  we  begin  to 
perceive  slight  longitudinal  folds  upon  the  whirls.  The  lip  is 
thin,  the  crenulations  within  hardly  apparent ;  but  when  the  lip 
curves  to  form  the  margin,  they  become  much  more  visible,  and 
the  denticulations  of  the  edge  begin  also  to  be  recognised. 

This  shell  inhabits  the  Straits  of  Malacca  (Martini),  the 
South  Sea  (Solander),  the  coasts  of  Madagascar  (Humphreys), 
the  Isle  of  Vanikoro,  of  Tonga-Tabou,  and  many  other  localities 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

The  variety  C,  pi.  12,  fig.  41,  differs  from  the  former  by  its 
more  globular  form,  and  by  the  disposition  of  its  threads,  which 


GENUS      Bi;<M3INUM.  4J 

are  often  divided  and  orbiculated  in  their  outline.  The  color 
of  all  these  shells  is  generally  the  same  as  that  of  our  type.  This 
variety  is  found  upon  the  coasts  of  Brazil,  and  in  the  Bay  of  Rio 
Janeiro. 

The  variety  A,  pi.  12,  fig.  41,  is  the  BUCCINUM  strigosum  of  »_ 
Gmelin,  and  the  BUCCINUM  fumosum  of  Solander  ;  it  has  been 
figured  by  Chemnitz,  pi.  123,  fig.  1145-1146.  Smaller,  wrinkled, 
and  folded  throughout  its  whole  length,  this  exhibits  the  threads 
across  it  forming  nodosities  ;  the  interstices  of  the  longitudinal 
folds  more  deeply  furrowed,  are  of  a  more  reddish  color.  The 
differences  in  this  last,  are  more  remarkable  than  in  the  others  : 
they  may  be  attributed  to  difference  of  sex  ;  a  point  which  we 
have  carefully  examined  in  the  BUCCINUM  undatum,  whose 
oblique  ribs  and  transverse  striae  are  also,  under  the  same  cir- 
cunlstances,  much  more  developed. 

I  think  that  the  BUCCINUM  Indicum  of  Gmelin,  p.  3495,  and 
figured  in  Chemnitz,  pi.  103,  fig.  1138-1139,  which  appears  to 
me  to  be  a  shell  in  a  bad  state  of  preservation,  should  be  con- 
sidered as  a  BUCCINUM  undosum. 


•     41.  BUCCINUM  D'ORBIGNYI,  PATR.     D'Orbigny's  Buccii 
(Collect.  MASS.)     PAYR.  Cat.  de  la  Corse,  pi.  8,  fig/ 4,  5,  6. 

PI.  xin,  fig.  42.  Mi**  A^f^^J* 

B.  testa  ovato-acuta,  subfusiformi,  fulvo  et  fusco  varia,  longitudinaliter 
costata,  transversim  plicata  et  striata,  subnodulosa  ;  anfractibus  inferne 
linea  alba  cinctis;  apertura  ovata,  violaceft  ;  labro  intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  subfusiform,  pointed  at  its  summit,  composed  of 
eight  very  distinct  whirls,  a  little  swollen,  ridged  lengthwise 
by  several  subnodulous  folds,  covered  also  by  transverse  striae 
and  ridges  ;  aperture  ovate,  violet,  edged  with  reddish,  and 
narrowed  at  its  base  ;  right  lip  deeply  furrowed  within ;  colu- 
mella  nearly  straight,  subgranular  ;  rarely  having  a  distinct 
fold  at  the  base.  The  general  color  is  brown,  varied  with 
fawn  color,  with  a  white  zone  at  the  base  of  each  whirl,  a 
broader  decurrent  band  towards  the  middle  of  the  lower  whirl. 


42  GENUS      B/UCCI  NUM. 

Length  11  lines.     Width  6  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  the  coasts  of  Provence,  Corsica, 
and  the  Isles  of  Hieres. 

This  is  a  BUCCINUM,  as  has  been  fully  settled  by  Payraudeau 
in  his  catalogue  of  the  Annelides  of  Corsica;  Blainville  impro- 
perly placed  it  among  the  CANCELLARI^  ;  the  principal  character 
of  this  genus  does  not  exist  in  the  shell  which  we  are  describ- 
ing ;  it  is  rare  to  perceive  even  a  fold  upon  the  columella  of  this 
last,  except  in  very  young  specimens.  Male  specimens  are  al- 
ways much  smaller,  and  never  exceed  5  or  6  lines  in  length. 
The  internal  folds  of  the  lip  are  also  very  strongly  prominent. 

This  shell  so  much  resembles  our  variety  A,  of  the  BUCCINUM 
undosum,  that  it  might  almost  be  asserted  to  belong  to  that  ^spe- 
cies, and  be  considered  as  merely  a  local  variety;  nevertheless, 
it  is  smaller  than  that  shell,  less  turgid,  with  less  prominent 
ridges,  the  longitudinal  ribs  more  approximate.  Its  coloring  is 
the  same,  only  the  white  band  of  the  lowest  whirl  is  better 
formed  and  more  distinct. 


42.  BUCCINUM  DISTORTUM,  WOOD.     The  Distorted  Bucdnum. 

(Collect.  MASS.) 


'  *'  **^  '*  PI-  XVIII,  fig.  64  at  65. 

B.  test&  ovata,  turgida,  crassa,  solida,  albescente,  fasciis  fuscis  aut  fulvis 
distincta;  epidermi  fulva  ;  spira  brevi,  obtusiuscula,  apice  acuta;  anfrac- 
tibus  superne  connatis,  longitudinaliter  subnodulose  plicatis,  trarisvers^ 
striatis  ;  ultim6  Isevi,  basi  sulcato  ;  apertur£  ovata,  oblonga,  angusta,  inttis 
albida  ;  labro  dextro  intiis  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  inflated,  solid,  covered  with  a  fawn  colored  or 
reddish  epidermis  ;  spire  short,  slightly  obtuse,  pointed  at  its 
summit.  The  whirls  are  six  or  seven  in  number,  and  very 
approximate  ;  the  four  or  five  upper  ones  are  conical,  covered 
with  sub-nodulous,  longitudinal  folds,  which  gradually  become 
effaced,  and  disappear  altogether  upon  the  lower  whirl.  This 
is  partly  smooth,  pretty  strongly  furrowed  at  its  base,  larger 


GENUS     BUCCINUM.  43 

than  all  the  others,  and  separated  by  a  broad  and  deep  suture, 
forming  a  kind  of  scaffold,  which  renders  it  very  round  above. 
The  other  whirls  are  not  very  apparent ;  at  their  surface  is 
seen,  besides  the  longitudinal  folds  of  which  we  have  spoken, 
transverse  striae  which  terminate  in  the  lowest  whirl.  The 
aperture  is  ovate,  oblong,  narrow,  sinuous,  white  within,  and 
narrowed  above  by  a  double  deposition  of  calcareous  matter ; 
the  right  lip,  striated  internally,  is  thick  above,  and  denticulat- 
ed upon  the  remainder  of  its  length.  The  columella,  sinuous 
in  its  middle,  is  covered  by  the  left  lip,  which  is  pretty  thick, 
and  partially  conceals  at  its  base  a  grooved  columellar  cal- 
losity. The  coloring  of  this  shell  is  whitish,  marked  with 
brown  or  fawn  colored  spots  or  bands. 

Length  20  lines.     Width  10  lines. 
Inhabits  New  Holland. 

This  shell,  the  characters  of  which  we  have  given  from  an 
old  specimen,  exhibits  somewhat  the  aspect  of  a  COLUMBELLA, 
which  is  owing  to  the  shortening  of  the  spire,  and  to  the  narrow- 
ing of  the  aperture.  Some  young  specimens  so  little  resemble 
the  adult,  that  we  might  be  led  to  form  a  new  species  of  it ;  and 
it  is  only  by  attentive  observation,  that  we  recognise  their  af- 
finity. The  young  (female?)  specimens,  are  generally  more 
ventricose,  and  more  elongated ;  they  have  altogether  the  form 
of  the  BUCCINUM  of  our  first  section.  The  aperture  is  much 
wider,  the  thickening  above,  and  the  scaffold  of  the  lowest  whirl 
do  not  exist ;  but  the  pretty  prominent  transverse  striae  are  seen 
upon  that  whirl.  We  have  given  a  figure,  pi.  18,  fig.  65,  which 
approaches  to  our  type.  Another  (male  '?)  variety,  is  much 
smaller,  and  colored  upon  the  lowest  whirl  with  transverse  bands 
of  a  deep  brown. 


44  G  E  N  U  S      B  U  C  C  I  N  0  M  . 

43.  BUCCINUM  FL.EXUOSUM,  LAM.     The  Flexuous  Buccinum. 
(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)' 

PI.  XXVI,  fig.  106. 

B.  testa  oblonga,  subfusiformi,  basi  transverse  striata,albida,lineis  fuscis 
longitudinalibus  flexuosis  ornata ;  apertura  angustiuscula ;  labro  obsolete 
striato. 

Shell  oblong,  subfusiform,  spire  turreted,  conical  and  point- 
ed, composed  of  seven  or  eight  folded  whirls,  oftentimes  tuber- 
culated.  The  upper  edge  of  each  whirl  is  very  slightly  com- 
pressed, which  renders  the  sutures  but  little  apparent.  The 
lowest  whirl,  with  neither  folds  nor  tubercles,  is  as  large  as  all 
the  others  together,  and  striated  at  the  base.  The  ground 
color  of  this  shell  is  whitish,  and  there  are  delineated  brown 
undulating  or  zigzag  lines,  more  or  less  numerous,  which  de- 
scend from  the  top  to  the  base  of  the  whirls.  Sometimes  other 
bands  upon  the  upper  whirls  form  delicate  rhombs.  Aperture 
rather  narrow,  attenuated  at  its  lower  extremity,  and  as  long 
as  the  other  whirls  united.  The  columella  is  smooth,  straight 
and  entirely  white  like  the  rest  of  the  interior  of  the  aperture. 
Right  lip  indistinctly  crenulated. 

Length  9  lines.     Width  3£  lines. 
Inhabits  the  seas  of  the  Isle  of  France. 

This  shell,  whose  coloring  is  very  beautiful,  has  not  yet  been 
figured ;  it  is  remarkable  for  its  elongated  form,  and  for  the 
folds  of  the  whirls,  which  give  it  a  slight  resemblance  to  our 
variety  of  the  BUCCINUM  costatum,  pi.  11,  fig.  37;  but  its  form 
easily  distinguishes  it :  it  is  more  elongated,  and  never  as  large  ; 
besides,  it  has  a  less  effuse  aperture,  and  the  surface  is  marked 
with  longitudinal,  undulating  lines. 

A«W 


G  E  N  IT  S      B  U  C  CM  N  V  M  .  45 


44.  BUCCINUM  CRIBARIUM,  LAM.     The  Sieyt  Buccmum. 

n    (h    (Jf<  ffi/ft 
(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  pi.  929,  fig.  24. 

PI.  XVI,  fig.  57. 


B.  testa  parvula,  oblonga,  cylindracea,  laevi,  fulva  aut  ruf£,  albo-punc- 
tata  ;  anfractibus  subconnatis,  margine  superiore  fascia  albo  et  fusco  ar- 
ticulata  cinctis;  spiri  apice  truncati  ;  aperturft  angustiuscula  ;  labro  inttis 
striato. 

Shell  small,  oblong,  pretty  thick,  cylindrical,  smooth,  fawn 
colored  or  red,  dotted  with  small,  round,  white  dots,  disposed 
regularly  in  quincunxes,  or  in  a  net  work  ;  spire  composed  of 
eleven  whirls,  generally  truncated  at  the  summit.  The  whirls 
are  subconnate,  surrounded  at  their  upper  part  by  an  articulat- 
ed band  of  white  and  brown  ;  the  lowest  whirl  ornamented 
towards  its  base  with  numerous  transverse  fine  striae.  Aper- 
ture narrow,  of  a  violet  color.  Lip  obtuse,  thick,  almost 
straight,  interiorly  having  small  folds  or  teeth  in  large  quanti- 
ties. The  upper  extremity  forms  the  commencement  of  an 
emargination.  All  the  external  surface  of  this  shell  is  covered 
by  a  membranous,  reddish,  thin  periosteum,  so  transparent, 
that  the  colors  are  seen  through  it. 

Length  5  lines.     Width  2  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean,  the  island  of  Ascension,  and  the 
coasts  of  Goree,  where  it  is  very  abundant. 

This  pretty  little  species  is  the  same  as  the  BUCCINUM  Barnet 
of  Adanson  ;  the  «hell,  owing  to  differences  of  age  and  sex, 
presents  some  varieties  in  its  form.  This  author  remarked  that 
young  shells  have,  proportionally,  less  length,  less  thickness,  and 
less  spire  ;  the  extremity  is  at  the  same  time  less  obtuse  ;  the 
right  lip  thinner,  sharp,  and  without  teeth.  He  also  observed, 
that,  for  the  most  part,  the  old  shells  which  presented  similar 
characters,  were  old  females.  Finally,  he  pointed  out  another 
peculiarity,  common  to  all  the  specimens,  which  have  attained 
the  number  of  eleven  whirls  :  the  shell  is  broken  at  the  extremity 


46  G  E  N  U  S      B  U  C  C  I  N  U  M  . 

of  the  summit,  in  such  a  manner  as  to  leave  not  more  than  four 
or  five  whirls,  and  it  is  only  in  this  state  that  it  is  commonly 
found  in  collections. 


45.  BUCCINUM  GERVIL.L.II.     Germlle's  Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.)     PAYR.,  Cat.  de  la  Corse,  pi.  8,  fig.  21. 

PI.  XIII,  fig.  43  et  44  var. 

B.  testa  elongatA,  Isevigata,  subturrita,  fulv&  vel  rubro-fuscescente :  an- 
fractibus  convexo-planis,  superne  punctis  albis  maculatis  ;  apertura  angusta, 
violacescente ;  labro  dextro  tenui,  inttis  dentato. 

Shell  pretty  thick,  smooth,  narrow,  elongated,  subturreted, 
formed  of  eight  or  nine  slightly  distinct  roundish  whirls,  of  a 
fawn  color  or  more  or  less  deep  brownish  red ;  some  white 
spots,  forming  a  sort  of  zone  beneath  the  sutures.  Aperture 
whitish,  delicately  shaded  with  a  pale  violet,  rather  small, 
narrow,  terminated  by  a  straight  canal,  short,  and  very  slightly 
effuse  at  its  extremity.  Right  lip  thin  and  sharp ;  the  internal 
edge  denticulated.  Columella  lip  covered  in  front  by  a  point- 
ed callosity,  which  partially  conceals  the  striae  of  the  base  of 
the  lowest  whirl,  and  exhibits  a  row  of  five  or  six  small  gut- 
tules.  Sometimes  these  do  not  exist. 

Length  7  lines.     Width  2£  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  the  coasts  of  Provence,  Corsica, 
and  Sicily. 

M.  Payreaudeau  first  made  us  acquainted  with  this  shell, 
but  he  improperly  placed  it  among  the  Mitres,  for  it  has  not 
prominent  folds  upon  the  columella.  Risso  classed  it  as  a 
PURPURA,  in  his  work  upon  the  productions  of  Southern  Europe, 
and  Blainville  as  a  COLUMBELLA  in  his  Faune  Frangaise;  with 
the  last  genus  it  has  some  affinity ;  nevertheless,  it  has  not  so 
narrow  an  aperture,  nor  the  swelling  of  the  lip  so  prominent ;  on 
the  contrary,  this  part,  in  his  BUCCINUM,  is  effuse.  It  presents, 
also,  several  varieties  of  color,  and  some  specimens  are  found 


<;  E  N  u  P    n  u  c  c  r  N  u  M  .  47 

which  are  covered  with  small  grayish  points ;  but  the  most  re- 
markable variety  is  that  which  we  give,  pi.  XIII,  fig.  44,  upon 
'which  is  beautifully  delineated  a  foliaceous  band  which  covers 
the  whirls  and  the  body  of  the  shell. 


'    46.  BUCCINUM  CORNICUL.ATUM,  LAM.      The  Horn-like  Buc- 

cinwn.  7    I&*W1TZJ£  tyls 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     PAYR.  Cat.  pi.  8,  fig.  10,  11,  12. 

PI.  XVI,  fig.  56;  et  pi.  XIV,  fig.  47,  young. 

B.  testa  parvula,  oblongo-conica,  angusta,  Isevi,  nitida,  cornea,  maculis 
fulvis  aut  rubris  ornata;  anfractibus  connatisj  labro  intus  dentato. 

Shell  small,  pretty  thick,  oblong,  cylindrical,  subturreted, 
smooth,  white  or  of  a  variegated  color,  marked  with  brown  or 
bright  fawn  colored  spots  or  waved  and  zigzag  longitudinal 
lines ;  spire  very  pointed,  composed  of  six  or  seven  scarcely 
convex  whirls  ;  sutures  indistinct.  Aperture  narrow,  elongat- 
ed, of  an  orange  color;  right  lip  pretty  thin,  denticulated 
within.  Columella  generally  smooth,  without  guttules,  at  its 
base. 

Length  6  to  7  lines.     Width  2£  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  the  coasts  of  Provence,  Corsica 
and  Sicily. 

This  shell  has  altogether  the  aspect  of  the  BUCCINUM  Gervillii ; 
and  it  is  only  after  an  attentive  examination,  that  we  finally  dis- 
cover the  characters  which  serve  to  distinguish  it  from  that.  In 
the  B.  corniculatum,  the  denticulations  of  the  right  lip  are  less 
numerous,  and  the  aperture  is  of  an  orange  color,  whilst,  on  the 
contrary,  it  is  of  a  violaceous  white  in  the  B.  Gervillii.  Blain- 
ville  had  also  placed  this  shell  among  the  COLUMBELL.E,  which 
it  somewhat  resembles  in  the  aperture,  which  is  narrow  in  both 
species,  and  in  the  right  lip,  being  very  gently  swollen  towards 
its  middle. 

We  shall  give,  at  the  end  of  this  monograph,  the  situation 
which  should  be  assigned  to  the  shells  which  we  shall  have 

#  1--  "''*•  • 


48  G  E  N  TI  p      B  U  C  O  I  N  IT  M  . 

described,  so  as  to  present  the  most  natural  series  of  groups  or 
sections,  which  we  can  possibly  form.  In  this  manner,  we  shall 
indicate  with  clearness,  the  gradations  by  which  we  are  led  from 
one  genus  to  another,  as  determined  by  the  affinities  which  the 
animals  and  the  principal  characters  of  the  shell  present. 


47.  BUCCINUM    SEMICONVEXUM,    LAM.      The    Semi-convex 

Buccinwn.    fj.  .        t£  . . 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.) 
Pi.  XVII,  fig.  60. 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  apice  peracuta,  Isevi,  basi  striata,  pallide  rubente; 
anfractibus  super  no  fusco  maculatis,  duobus  infimis  convexis,  superioribus 
planulatis;  labro  intus  dentato. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  very  pointed  at  its  summit,  of  a  pale 
red,  often  ornamented  with  longitudinal  waved  and  distant 
bands ;  sometimes  elongated  spots  appear  upon  the  whirls  of 
the  spire,  which  are  eight  or  nine  in  number;  the  lowest  are 
convex.  The  base  of  the  shell  is  marked  with  very  fine,  and 
very  approximate  strise.  Aperture  ovate,  elongated,  of  a 
whitish  color.  Right  lip  rounded,  striated  internally ;  Colu- 
mbia arched  and  smooth. 

Length  9  lines.     Width  4  lines. 
Inhabits 

This  shell  is  nearly  allied  to  the  BUCCINUM  corniculatum ;  it 
differs,  nevertheless,  in  several  points  ;  it  is  larger,  more  ventri- 
cose,  and  the  lowest  whirl  of  the  spire  is  more  convex,  and 
slightly  depressed  at  its  upper  part. 

/ 
x>Afe<ai,    vfafvf*  i 


GENUS      BUCCINUM. 


49 


48.    BUCCINUM   CLAUSIL.IFORME,  NOBIS.      The   Clausilia- 
shaped  Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.) 
PL  XIII,  fig.  46. 

B.  testa  parva,  fusiform!,  castanea,  transversim  tenuissime  striata  ;  an- 
fractibus  convexiusculis,  superne  longitudinaliter  plicatis,  atris  et  albis 
maculis  cinctis  ;  apertura  angusta,  ovata,  fuscescente  ;  labro  dextro  tenui, 
intus  striato. 

Shell  small,  spindle-shaped,  of  a  chestnut  color,  covered 
with  numerous  fine,  transverse  striae  ;  nine  slightly  convex 
whirls  to  the  spire,  the  upper  longitudinally  plaited  ;  sutures 
pretty  apparent,  edged  with  small  black  and  white  slightly 
elongated  spots.  Aperture  narrow,  ovate,  brownish  ;  right  lip 
thin,  delicately  striated  within.  Columella  slightly  arcuated 
and  smooth,  forming  a  small  canal,  emarginated  at  base. 

Length  6  lines.     Width  2  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  the  coasts  of  Provence,  and  the 
Isle  of  Hieres. 

This  singular  little  shell  has  the  aspect  of  a  CLAUSILIA,  on 
which  account  we  give  it  the  name.  It  has  also  some  resem- 
blance to  the  BUCCINUM  Gervillii  of  Payreaudeau,  but  it  is  par- 
ticularly distinguished  by  its  more  narrow  and  more  elongated 
form,  by  the  transverse  striae  which  cover  its  whole  surface,  and 
above  all,  by  its  size,  which  is  smaller  than  that  of  this  last 
species. 


49.  BUCCINUM  AURANTIUM,  LAM.     The  OranzfcB 

(Collect.   MASS.  LAM.)     MART.''  Conch.  4,  t'.  125, 
fig.  1188-1189? 

PI.  XXV,  fig.  101. 

B.  testa  minima,  ovato-acuta,  longitudinaliter  et  tenuissime  plicata,  obso- 
lete decussata,  luteo-aurantiaca,  apice  rubra  ;  anfractibus  convexo-planis  ; 
apertura  angustiuscula. 

Shell  very  small,  ovate,  oblong,  attenuated  at  its  extremities, 
Buccinum.  D 


50  GENUS      BUCCINUM. 

of  an  orange  yellow  color ;  spire  pointed,  composed  of  seven 
sub-convex  whirls,  bearing  upon  their  whole  surface  numerous 
longitudinal  folds,  intersected  by  fine  transverse  and  approxi- 
mate striae.  The  striae  of  the  lowest  whirl  a  little  more  distinct 
towards  the  base.  The  sutures  ornamented,  near  the  edge, 
with  a  row  of  small  granulations,  separated  by  a  transverse 
furrow.  Aperture  whitish,  ovate,  narrow,  contracted  at  its 
base  ;  right  lip  denticulated. 

Length  5  lines.     Width  2  lines. 
Inhabits  the  coasts  of  the  Island  of  Java. 

The  form  of  this  small  species  is  the  same  as  that  of  the 
B.  pulchdlum  of  Blainville ;  it  differs  from  it,  nevertheless,  by 
its  more  prominent  folds,  the  granulations  around  the  sutures, 
and,  above  all,  by  its  invariably  uniform  coloring,  of  an  orange 
yellow. 


50.    BUCCINUM    PUL.CHELLUM,    BLAINV.     The  Pretty  Buc- 

cinum. 

(Collect.  MASS,  et  WOLD.)  BLAINV.  Faune  Fran?.,  pi.  7,  fig. 4. 
Pi.  XVIII,  fig.  68. 

B.  tesi'd  oblonga,  subturrita,  fulvescente,  fusco  varia ;  anfractibus  con- 
vexiusculis,  longitudinaliter  tenuissime  plicatis,  transversim  striatis  ;  aper- 
lura  alba,  elongata,  angusta  ;  labro  dextro  inttis  denticulate. 

Shell  oblong,  lanceolate,  subturreted,  of  a  whitish  or  reddish 
color,  beautifully  varied  with  simple  or  decussated  brown  spots 
or  lines,  forming  sometimes  a  very  elegant  net-work,  spire 
composed  of  six  pretty  distinct  whirls,  slightly  swollen ;  nu- 
merous longitudinal  folds,  slightly  projecting,  and  crossed  by 
decurrent  striae,  almost  amounting  to  folds,  at  the  base  of  the 
last  whirl.  Aperture  whitish,  elongated,  narrow  ;  right  lip 
rather  thin,  indistinctly  denticulated  within. 

Length  4  lines.     Width  1J-  lines. 


GENUS      BUCCINUM.  5| 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  the  coasts  of  Sicily,  and  the 
Indian  Seas. 

The  name  of  this  little  shell  indicates  its  beauty;  it  is  colored 
in  a  delightful  manner.  It  was  described  by  Blainville  from  a 
specimen  in  the  collection  of  Deshayes,  which  was  found  in  the 
Mediterranean.  M.  Woldemar  possesses  in  his,  several  speci- 
mens of  the  same  species,  which  were  brought  to  him  from  the 
Indian  Ocean.  These  are  a  little  more  elongated,  the  longitu- 
dinal folds,  and  the  transverse  striae  are  very  distinct,  whilst  in 
some  from  the  Mediterranean  the  folds  and  the  striae  are  very 
indistinct.  In  this  case  they  resemble  very  much  the  B.  dermes- 
toideum  of  Lamarck.  I  think  the  shell  figured  by  Turton  in  the 
Zoological  Journal,  t.  2,  pi.  13,  fig.  8,  under  the  name  of  PUR- 
PUR  A  picta,  p.  365,  should  be  referred  to  this  species. 


51.  BUCCINUM  DERMESTOIDEUM,  LAM.     The  Dermestoid 

Buccinum. 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.) 

PI.  XXV,  fig.  100. 

B.  testa  parva,  ovato-oblonga,  laevi,  nitida,  albida,  lineis  rufis  reticulatA  ; 
anfractibus  convexiusculis,  fascia  rubr&  ad  margines  albo-crenata  cinctis  ; 
spira  obtusiuscula  ;  apertur&  angustata. 

Shell  small,  ovate,  oblong,  smooth,  polished  ;  spire  some- 
what obtuse,  composed  of  five  or  six  slightly  convex  whirls,  of 
a  whitish  color,  and  covered  with  small,  ocellated,  reddish 
points,  forming  an  indistinct  net-work  ;  the  sutures  are  sur- 
rounded above  by  a  small  band  of  alternating  white  and  red 
spots,  while  the  lower  part  is  marked  by  another  brown  band, 
sometimes  broken  by  distant  white  spots.  The  middle  of  the 
lowest  whirl  is  surrounded  by  a  sub-crenulated  red  band,  inter- 
rupted by  white  spots  ;  at  the  base  of  the  whirl  are  seen 
transverse  striae,  and  a  small  brown  band.  Aperture  ovate  ; 
right  lip  thin,  and  slightly  denticulated. 

Length  4  lines.     Width  2  lines. 


52  GENUS     BUCCINUM. 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  the  coast  of  Agde,  and  of 
Corsica. 

This  little  shell  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  of  the  genus, 
on  account  of  its  delicacy  of  texture,  and  of  its  coloring.  Its 
ornamented  bands,  interrupted  by  spots  of  a  regular  form,  render 
it  charming  to  the  eye. 


52.  BUCCINUM  L.ACTEUM,  NOBIS.     The  Milky  Buccinum. 
(Collect.  WoLDEMAR.) 

PI.  XXVIII,  fig.  67. 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  parva,  tenui,  laevi,  diaphano-alba ;  suturis  promi- 
nulis ;  anfractibus  convexis,  basi  obscuro-albide  maculatis ;  ultimo  spira 
majore,  basi  striato,  maculis  distantibus  ad  medium  cincto  ;  apertura  ovata  ; 
labro  dextro  intus  denticulate,  extus  crassato. 

Shell  small,  pretty  thin,  ovate,  conical,  smooth,  of  a  diapha- 
nous white  ^  sutures  indistinctly  apparent ;  spire  composed  of 
six  convex  whirls,  ornamented  at  their  base  with  spots  of  a 
duller  white ;  the  lowest  whirl  as  large  as  all  the  others, 
striated  at  base,  and  surrounded,  towards  the  middle,  with 
small,  distant  spots,  articulated  by  a  reddish  line  ;  aperture 
ovate  ;  right  lip  denticulated  within,  and  thickened  outwardly, 
even  to  the  base  of  the  shell. 

Length  4  lines.     Width  2  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Indian  Seas. 

Risso,  in  his  work  upon  the  productions  of  Southern  Europe, 
gives,  under  the  name  of  PLANAXIS  l&vigata,  page  175,  number 
448,  the  description  of  a  species  which  seems  to  approach  the 
B.  lacteum.  He  notices  it  as  having  been  found  upon  the  coasts 
of  Provence  in  the  Mediterranean. 

The  shell  which  we  have  just  described  is  very  nearly  allied 
to  the  B.  dermestoideum.  It  differs,  however,  in  this,  that  it  is 
never  folded  exteriorly,  and  it  is  always  of  a  remarkable  white. 


G  E  N  U  S      B  U  C  C  I  N  U  M  .  53 


53.  BUCCINUM  GL.ANS.  LIWN.,  GMEL.     Tfie  Shining  Buccinum. 


^%   ffo  /J7,  v* 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  Conch.,  t.  981,  fig.  40. 


PL  XV,  fig.  52.  **f 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  tenui,  Isevi,  nitida,  albescente,  lineis  spadiceo- 
fuscis  distantibus  cincta  ;  spirS  anterius  longitudinaliter  plicata  ;  labro  basi 
repando,  margine  inferiore  denticulis  muricato. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  rather  thin,  smooth,  whitish,  with  spots  of 
a  more  or  less  dark  red,  and  upon  the  lower  whirl,  a  very  large 
spot  of  the  same  tint,  but  deeper  :  upon  the  convexity  of  this 
whirl,  may  be  counted  nine  or  ten  distant,  parallel  and  trans- 
verse lines  of  a  bright  chestnut-color,  sometimes  brown,  at 
other  times  blackish  ;  spire  composed  of  eight  whirls,  the 
three  lower  of  which  are  smooth,  and  the  other  five  marked 
with  small  longitudinal  folds,  slightly  arcuated.  Aperture  ovate, 
widened  towards  the  base,  which  is  deeply  emarginated,  ter- 
minated above  by  a  small  dilated  canal,  which  is  formed  by  a 
re-entering  angle  from  the  right  lip,  and  a  transverse  tooth 
from  the  left  lip  ;  the  right  lip  is  arcuated  towards  the  top,  thin- 
ner from  the  middle  to  the  base,  and  armed  in  this  part  with 
five  conical,  pointed  teeth,  the  lowest  of  which  are  longest  ;  it 
is  ornamented  in  the  interior  with  a.  great  number  of  small, 
very  fine  transverse  striae.  The  left  lip  forms  a  plate  which 
laps  over  upon  the  body  of  the  shell,  and  gives  rise  to  a  small 
projecting  keel,  which  is  terminated  below  by  a  pointed  and 
oblique  tooth,  from  whence  a  rounded  fold  is  given  out,  which 
is  observed  to  wind  spirally  into  the  cavity. 

Length  2  inches.     Width  11  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean. 

This  shell  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  the  genus  which  we 
are  describing  ;  its  elegant  form,  and  the  regular  distribution  of 
the  bands  which  adorn  its  whole  surface,  distinguish  it  in  a 
manner  altogether  peculiar. 


54 


GENUS      BUCCINUM. 


54.  BUCCINUM  SUTURAL.E,  LAM.     The.  Sutured  Bucdnum. 

it.mjnti 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM'.)     CHEMN.  pi.  125,  fig.  1199-1200. 

»        *  PI.  XXIV,  fig.  96. 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  laevi,  nitida,alba,luteo-nebulosa;  anfractibus  con- 
vexiusculis,  prope  suturas  noduliferis,  supremis  longitudinaliter  plicatis ; 
apertura  Isevi ;  labro  postice  denticulate. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  smooth,  shining,  whitish,  sometimes  of 
a  flesh  color,  marked  with  spots,  and  oftentimes  with  reddish 
lines  or  flammules  ;  spire  composed  of  seven  slightly  convex 
whirls,  with  noduliferous  tubercles  near  the  sutures  ;  the  first 
four  or  five  are  marked  with  small  longitudinal  folds  ;  the 
others  have  pretty  fine,  distant,  transverse  brown  lines,  as 
many  as  eight  or  nine  upon  the  lowest  whirl :  upon  the  base 
of  this  are  observed  delicate  furrows.  Aperture  ovate,  round- 
ed, white,  smooth,  terminated  above  by  a  small,  dilated  canal, 
which  is  formed  by  a  re-entering  angle  from  the  right  lip,  and 
a  transverse  tooth  from  the  left  lip.  The  right  lip  is  effuse, 
arcuated,  thin,  armed  at  the  base  with  five  or  six  small  den- 
ticulations.  The  left  lip  consists  of  a  plate  which  laps  over  a 
little  upon  the  body  of  the  shell,  and  forms  a  small  keel. 
Columella  smooth. 

Length  13  lines.     Width  6  lines. 
Inhabits  the  coasts  of  the  Isle  of  France. 

This  shell  so  strongly  resembles  the  B.  glans,  that  it  ought, 
unquestionably,  to  be  united  to  that  species.  It  has  all  its 
characteristics,  and  the  only  differences  which  can  be  perceived, 
are  doubtless  attributable  to  age  or  locality.  The  shell  we  have 
just  described  is  much  smaller,  the  color  less  deep,  the  transverse 
lines  less  marked ;  the  tubercles  near  the  sutures  are  also  very 
prominent  upon  the  last  whirls,  whilst  they  are  but  indistinctly 
seen,  or  disappear  altogether  in  the  BUCCINUM  glans. 


GENUS      BUCCINUM.  55 

55.  BUCCINUM  ELEGANS,  NOBIS.     The  Elegant  Buccinum. 
(Collect.  MASS.) 

PI.  XXIV,  fig.  97. 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  crassiuscula,  nitida,  Isevi,  albescente,  lineis  longi- 
tudinalibus  distincta;  anfractibus  convexis,  superne  plicatis  et  inierne 
maculatis  ;  apertura  alba  :  labro  dextro  crasso,  inttis  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  thick,  shining,  smooth,  whitish,  orna- 
mented with  numerous  undulated  and  reddish  longitudinal 
lines  ;  spire  composed  of  eight  or  nine  convex  whirls  :  the 
upper  ones  plaited,  and  the  others  marked  at  their  upper  part 
with  white  and  brown  spots  or  blotches,  alternately  disposed, 
and  surrounding  the  suture ;  a  band  a  little  deeper  colored 
covers  the  body  of  the  lowest  whirl,  the  base  of  which  is  fur- 
nished with  pretty  distinct  transverse  striae  or  furrows,  five  or 
six  in  number.  Aperture  white,  ovate,  terminated  above  by 
a  sort  of  canal,  indicated  by  a  transverse  ridge  upon  the  left 
lip ;  right  lip  thick,  slightly  denticulated  towards  the  base,  and 
deeply  striated  within.  Columella  arcuated,  the  base  spirally 
folded ;  the  left  lip  covers  it,  extends  slightly  upon  the  body 
of  the  shell,  and  forms  a  small,  projecting  keel,  terminated  by 
small  drops,  and  a  raised  point. 

Length  11  lines.     Width  6  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean. 

Not  being  able,  from  a  single  specimen,  to  point  out  with 
precision  the  place  this  shell  should  occupy,  it  is  with  diffidence 
that  I  establish  it  as  a  species ;  it  has  striking  resemblances  to 
the  B.  suturale;  yet  it  is  distinguished  from  it  by  peculiar  charac- 
ters ;  it  has  no  nodosities,  appears  to  be  much  thicker,  and  has 
the  whirls  of  the  spire  less  distinct.  Finally,  there  are  upon  the 
internal  part  of  the  lip  very  close  and  very  apparent  striae, 
which  are  not  found  in  the  B.  suturale. 


56  GENUS      BU COIN U  M  . 


56.  BUCCINUM  SEPIMENTUM,  RANG.      The  Partitioned  Buc- 

Cinum.  /      t/'n  o  r» 

&M^fa&£&ft 

(Collect.  MASS.)     RANG,  Magasin  de  Zoologie,  1832,  pi.  18. 
PI.  XVIII,  %.  66. 

B.  testa  ovata,  conica,  ventricosiuscula,  solida,  Isevigata,  ccerulescente  : 
singulis  anfractibus  cinguliferis,  ultimo  bicingulifero  ;  epidermi  virescente ; 
spira  acuta ;  apertura  ovata,  albescente,  elongata ;  columella  arcuata, 
callosft. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  slightly  ventricose,  attenuated  at  sum- 
mit and  base,  pretty  solid,  nearly  smooth  ;  general  color,  of  a 
bluish  ash,  ornamented  with  a  deeper  band  upon  each  whirl, 
and  upon  the  lowest,  with  two  others,  distant,  and  more  ob- 
vious ;  epidermis  greenish  ;  spire  pointed,  composed  of  five  or 
six  distinct,  convex  whirls  ;  the  lowest,  much  larger  than  all 
the  others  together,  presenting  at  the  base  a  pretty  deep  de- 
current  suture.  The  aperture  is  whitish,  ovate,  elongated, 
terminated  at  the  base  by  a  very  oblique  emargination,  and 
above  by  a  canal  formed  by  the  prolongation,  upon  the  colu- 
mella, of  a  callosity  which  becomes  there  a  thin  sharp  plate  : 
this  plate  presents  the  appearance  of  a  partition  extending  to- 
wards the  left  lip  ;  the  right  lip  is  much  elongated,  thin  and 
sharp.  Columella  arcuated,  covered  by  a  callosity  which  ex- 
tends a  little  upon  the  body  of  the  shell ;  from  the  middle 
arises  a  ridge  which  descends  obliquely  nearly  to  the  base  of 
the  right  lip,  where  it  terminates  within  by  a  small  elevation. 

Length  8  lines.     Width  3£  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Bay  of  St.  Anthony,  Prince's  Isle,  where  it  is 
found  at  great  depths. 

M.  Rang,  a  distinguished  conchologist,  first  made  known  this 
singular  shell,  which  he  had  collected  in  his  voyage  of  circum- 
navigation. It  appears  to  be  closely  allied  to  the  Purpurae,  and 
particularly  to  the  division  MONOCEROS,  which  it  approaches  by 
the  oblique  ridge  at  its  base. 


i:  K  \  U  S      B  U  C  C  I  N  U  M  .  57 

57.  BUCCINUM  PAPILLOSUM,   LINN.     The   Tuberculated  Buc- 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  Conch.,  t.  969,  fig.  23. 
PI.  xv,  %.  54. 


B.  testa  ovato-conica,  crassiuscula,  in  fundo  fulvo-fuscescente,  tubercu- 
lis  albis  seriatis  creberrimis  undique  obsita  ;  apertura  albd  ;  labro  dextro 
inferne  denticulis  muricato. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  thick,  composed  of  eight  convex  and 
subcarinated  whirls  ;  the  whole  surface  ornamented  with  small 
tubercles  formed  like  rounded  papillae,  eight  transverse  rows 
of  which  appear  upon  the  lowest  whirl,  four  upon  the  second, 
and  three  only  upon  those  of  the  spire  ;  they  gradually  dimm- 
ish in  size  towards  the  summit,  which  is  generally  of  a  rose 
color.  Aperture  white,  ovate,  rounded,  terminated  at  its  up- 
per part  by  an  angle  of  the  right  lip,  and  a  thick  ridge  of  the 
left  lip,  which  form  a  canal  :  the  emargination  -at  the  base  is 
oblique.  Right  lip  thick,  furnished  upon  its  edge  with  six  or 
seven  spinose  teeth,  and  in  the  interior  with  numerous  transverse 
striae,  very  fine,  and  slightly  apparent.  Left  lip  smooth,  and 
obliterated  above  ;  it  forms  a  convex  varix  at  the  base,  and 
terminates  near  this  point  by  a  straight  and  somewhat  pointed 
projection.  The  general  color  is  whitish  or  reddish,  marked 
upon  the  convexity  of  the  lowest  whirl,  with  a  large  red  or 
fawn-colored  spot,  the  rest  of  the  spire  sometimes  sprinkled 
with  other  smaller  spots  of  the  same  color. 

Length  1  inch  9  lines.     Width  10  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean,  the  coasts  of  Tranquebar,  Java, 
and  Madagascar. 

The  noduled  tubercles  which  exist  upon  this  shell  render  it 
easily  known,  and  serve  to  distinguish  it  from  other  species  to 
which  its  form  has  some  resemblance. 


58 


GENUS      BUCCIMJM. 


58.  BUCCINUM  OL.IVACEUM,    BRUG.     The   Olive-colored  Buc- 

ctnwm  X«M,v,/0,  tft.At  (f 


Collect.  MASS.  LAM.).    FAVANE,  Conch,  pi.  33,  fig.  K-2. 


^  t  v-.t,       /^  't    '        pi.  XV,  fig.  53. 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  rufo-fuscescente  aut  olivacea,  laevi,  basi  transversib 
sulcata,  prima  estate  longitudinaliter  plicat&  et  transverse  striatii  ;  apertura 
ovata,  albescente  ;  labro  dextro  crasso,  exttis  marginato,  intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  of  a  reddish  or  olive  color,  composed 
of  eight  or  nine  whirls,  the  lowest  of  which  composes  nearly 
half  of  the  shell  ;  it  is  smooth,  slightly  arcuated,  and  often- 
times ornamented  upon  each  whirl  with  a  whitish  band.  When 
young,  it  is  marked  with  convex,  longitudinal  folds,  which  are 
intersected  at  the  base  of  the  lowest  whirl  only,  by  five  or  six 
pretty  deep  transverse  striae  ;  upon  the  upper  whirls  the  folds 
are  much  more  close,  and  also  more  prominent,  than  upon  the 
lowest,  where  they  oftentimes  disappear  altogether.  The 
edge  of  the  aperture  is  whitish,  ovate,  notched  at  both  ends, 
the  cavity  of  an  ash  color  ;  the  notch  above  is  small,  placed 
upon  the  upper  edge  of  the  right  lip,  where  it  is  contracted 
to  the  form  of  a  small  canal  ;  the  emargination  of  the  base  is 
arched  ;  right  lip  thick,  margined  exteriorly,  crenulated  indis- 
tinctly upon  the  lower  edge,  and  marked  within  with  very 
distinct,  transverse  striae.  The  left  lip  is  continued  in  front,  in 
a  thin  leaf  which  extends  a  little  over  the  columella  :  it  is 
smooth  interiorly,  and  edged  throughout  its  whole  length  with 
a  row  of  small  drops. 

Length  1  inch  9  lines.     Width  10  lines. 

Inhabits  the  seas  of  the  Antilles  at  Guadaloupe,  the  Indian 
Seas  at  Ceylon,  and  the  coasts  of  Chili.  , 

When  the  specimens  of  this  species  are  young,  the  longitudi- 
nal ribs  are  very  prominent  upon  the  whole  shell,  and  the  trans- 
verse striae  are  very  numerous  and  very  approximate  ;  they  are 
effaced  by  age.  The  coloring  is  sometimes  whitish  near  the 


GENUSBUCCINUM.  59 

right  lip.     Specimens  have   been  found  in  the  South  Seas,  on 
the  coasts  of  Chili,  nearly  seven  inches  in  length. 


59.   BUCCINUM    UNICOLORUM,    NOBIS.      The    Single-colored 

Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.) 

PL  XJX,  fig.  69. 

B.  test&  ovato-conica,  leevi,  cinereo-albida,  unicolorata ;  anfractibus  su- 
perne  plicatis,  ultimo  paulo  majore  ;  spira  basi  sulcatA ;  aperturS.  ovata, 
alba,  inttis  fulva;  labro  dextro  crasso,  infime  arcuato,  marginato,  intus 
striato. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  smooth,  of  a  uniform  ashy  white  color ; 
spire  composed  of  eight  whirls  ;  the  upper  ones  slightly  plait- 
ed, the  lowest  pretty  large,  marked  with  more  or  less  straight, 
longitudinal  lines,  approximate,  and  of  a  color  a  little  deeper 
and  reddish ;  base  ornamented  with  six  or  seven  furrows  ; 
aperture  ovate,  white,  fawn-colored  within  ;  right  lip  thick, 
arcuated  towards  the  base,  elevated  exteriorly  into  a  thick,  very 
prominent  margin  ;  within  striated  throughout  its  whole  length  ; 
left  lip  thick,  and  partially  covering  the  columella,  which  is 
adorned  with  guttules  one  half  of  its  length  ;  the  first  of  these 
guttules,  which  is  uppermost,  is  much  more  marked  than  the 
others.  At  the  base  of  the  columella  is  found  a  very  promi- 
nent fold,  terminated  by  a  guttule  formed  like  a  flattened  point. 

Length  1£  inches.     Width  8  lines. 
Inhabits 

This  shell,  at  first  sight,  would  seem  to  differ  essentially  from 
the  B.  olivaceum ;  its  form  is  more  elongated,  it  has  not  the 
striae  upon  the  whirls  of  the  spire,  and,  finally,  its  whitish  color 
appears  particularly  to  distinguish  it  from  the  last.  These  con- 
siderations have  caused  us  to  regard  it  as  a  different  species, 
and  yet  we  are  not  confident  that  new  observations  may  not  lead 
to  certain  gradations  which  will  unite  it  to  the  B.  olivaceum. 


60  G  E  N  U  S      B  U  C  C  I  N  U  M  . 


%       60.  BUCCINUM    CANALICULATUM,    LAM.  ^  The   Channeled 

Buccinum.    (J  -        /»    f/'t 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     MART.,  CHEMN.,  pi.  125, 
fig.  1194-1195. 

PI.  XXll,  fig.  89. 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  superne  longitudinaliter  plicata,  basi  striata,  pal- 
lid^ fulva,  interdtim  castaneo-bizonata ;  anfractibus  supern6  canaliculatis, 
duobus  infimis  dorso  laevibus ;  apertura  ovata,  alba,  fundo  fusca ;  labro 
dextre  crasso,  intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  somewhat  ventricose,  of  a  pale  fawn 
color,  spire  composed  of  eight  whirls ;  upper  ones  longitudi- 
nally folded,  and  slightly  striated  transversely  ;  the  two  lower 
ones  smooth,  convex  and  strongly  canaliculated  ;  the  lowest 
furrowed  at  the  base,  and  frequently  ornamented  about  the 
middle  with  two  bands  of  a  chestnut-color.  Aperture  ovate, 
white,  cavity  brown  ;  right  lip  thick,  denticulated  upon  the 
edge  of  the  lower  part,  striated  within  ;  left  lip  gives  rise  to  a 
thin  and  elevated  callosity  upon  the  edge  of  the  columella, 
and  towards  the  top  a  very  prominent  transverse  fold,  forming 
the  commencement  of  a  canal. 

Length  17  lines.     Width  8  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean. 

This  shell,  which  has  been  established  as  a  species  by  La- 
marck, should,  I  think,  be  again  united  to  the  B.  olivaceum,  and 
should  be  regarded  as  a  constant  variety,  either  of  sex  or  locality. 
In  some  specimens  the  whirls  of  the  spire  are  less  canaliculated, 
and  the  longitudinal  folds  slightly  appear,  as  in  the  species  to 
which  I  presume  they  belong. 


G  E  N  U  S      B  U  C  C  I  N  U  M  . 


»    61.    BUCCINUM    CRENULATUM,    BRUG.     The   Crenated  Buc- 

cinum.     &t^ffft   fjftjs  fj 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     PETIVER.  GAZ.,  t.  64,  fig.  8. 
PI.  XXIII,  fig.  90  et  pi.  XIV,  fig.  49  var. 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  longitudinaliter  plicata,  transversim  tenuissime 
striatd,  varic  colorata,  fasciis  rufo-fuscis  pictft ;  anfractibus  superne  angula- 
tis,  supra  complanatis,  ad  angulum  crenulatis ;  apertura  ovata,  albescente, 
superne  angustatd  ;  labro  dextro  superne  emarginato,  intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  whitish,  ashy  or  reddish,  oftentimes 
with  two  brown  bands  which  are  sometimes  interrupted ;  spire 
formed  of  seven  or  eight  distinct  whirls,  flattened  above,  fur- 
nished with  longitudinal,  almost  perpendicular  folds,  which  are 
themselves  intersected  by  striae  visible  only  in  the  interstices 
of  the  folds,  except  towards  the  base,  and  upon  the  whirls  at 
the  top  of  the  spire.  The  upper  edge  of  the  whirls  is  flatten- 
ed, and  bordered  by  rounded  tubercles,  which  are  separated 
from  the  longitudinal  folds  by  a  deep  stria  running  below 
them.  Aperture  ovate,  whitish,  contracted  at  the  top  by  a 
transverse  fold  of  the  left  lip.  The  right  lip  is  emarginated  at 
its  upper  edge,  marked  interiorly  with  transverse  striae  in  great 
numbers.  The  left  lip  is  obliterated  and  flattened  at  its  sum- 
mit ;  it  gives  rise  from  the  middle  to  the  base  to  a  pretty  thick, 
projecting  callosity,  in  the  form  of  a  keel. 

Length  14  lines.     Width  7  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean. 

This  species  presents  a  great  number  of  varieties  ;  in  young 
specimens  the  color  is  deeper ;  the  transverse  brown  bands  are 
more  marked,  and  appear  upon  all  the  whirls;  the  shell  has 
also,  proportionally,  a  more  globular  form.  Other  specimens 
are  of  an  uniform  color,  have  the  whirls  strongly  canaliculated, 
and  the  longitudinal  folds  more  approximate.  We  give  a  figure 
of  one  of  these  last  pi.  14,  fig.  49. 


GENUS      BUCCiNUM. 


62.  BUCCINUM  HIRTUM,  NOBIS.     The  Rough  Buccinum. 

'  !       (Collect.  MASS.) 

PI.  XIX,  fig.  72. 

B.  test&  ovato-conica,  subturrita,  rufe»cente,  fuscis  lineolis  transversim 
maculate!  ;  spira  acuta  ;  costulis  eminentibus  longitudinaliter  ornata,  ultimo 
anfractu  rotate  evanescentibus  ;  apertura  alba,  subrotundata,  emarginata, 
superne  angustata  ;  labro  dexlro  crasso.extus  marginato. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  subturreted,  spire  pointed,  and  sutures 
deep,  ornamented  in  its  whole  extent,  with  projecting  longitu- 
dinal ribs,  slightly  oblique,  pointed  at  their  summit,  raised  and 
continued  upon  the  lowest  whirls  which  they  crown.  These 
whirls  are  more  convex.  The  ribs  of  the  lowest  gradually 
disappear  with  age.  At  the  base  of  this  whirl  are  observed 
also  ridges,  and  very  prominent  granulations.  The  aperture 
is  subrotund,  white,  emarginated  and  narrowed  at  the  top  by 
a  transverse  fold  of  the  left  lip,  and  by  an  angle  of  the  right 
lip.  Right  lip  thick,  accompanied  at  its  external  part,  by  a 
very  apparent  margin,  and  furnished  internally  with  numerous 
fine  striae.  The  external  color  of  this  species  exhibits  a  red- 
dish ground,  with  irregular  spots,  and  transverse  lines  of  a 
deeper  tint.  The  band  which  surrounds  the  middle  of  the 
lowest  whirl  is  much  wider  and  darker  colored. 

Length  1  inch.     Width  6  lines. 

Inhabits  the  coasts  of  New  Holland,  the  Isle  of  Tonga- 
Tabou. 

This  singular  shell  appears  to  be  intermediate  between  the 
BUCCINUM  crenulatum  and  the  Port  Jackson  Buccinum.  It 
resembles  the  first  in  its  form,  and  the  second  in  its  coloring. 


c;  K  x  us    B  ucc  i  N  n  M  . 


63 


63.  BUCCINUM  JACKSONIANUM,  NOBIS.     The  Port  Jackton 

Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.)     GUALTIERI,  pi.  125,  fig.  E. 
PL  XIX,  fig.  73. 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  brevi,  acuta,  longitudinaliter  plicata,  luteo-oliva- 
cea,  albo  rufo-maculata;  ultimo  anfractu  ad  medium  Isevigato,  antic6  trans- 
versim  striato;  aperturft  subrotundata,  albescente;  dextro  labro  crasso, 
intus  tenuissime  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  spire  short,  pointed,  composed  of  seven 
or  eight  convex  whirls,  noduled  at  their  upper  part,  ornament- 
ed upon  their  whole  external  surface  with  slightly  undulated 
longitudinal  folds.  Oftentimes  the  folds  upon  the  lowest  whirl 
disappear  partially  upon  the  edge  of  the  right  lip,  and  this 
whirl  presents  at  its  base  a  few  strise  which  intersect  the  folds 
crosswise,  and  thus  form  granulations.  Aperture  sub-rotund, 
whitish,  a  little  narrowed  above.  Right  lip  thick,  accompa- 
nied by  a  slightly  prominent  external  varix ;  the  internal  part 
of  the  lip  marked  with  numerous  fine  striae. 

Length  ]  0  lines.     Width  5  lines. 

Inhabits  the  seas  of  New  Holland  at  Port  Jackson,  where  it 
is  quite  common. 

The  general  color  of  this  shell  is  of  a  greenish  gray,  with 
transverse  lines  more  deeply  colored.  Upon  the  longitudinal 
folds  there  are  white  and  reddish  spots,  which  give  them  the 
appearance  of  articulated  tubercles.  This  peculiar  coloring 
easily  distinguishes  it  from  other  species. 

64.  BUCCINUM  FASCIATUM,  LAM.     The  Banded  Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     GUALTIERI,  pi.  43,  fig.  M. 

PI.  XXII,  fig.  8fi. 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  apice  acuta,  longitudinaliter  plicato-granulosa, 
transverslm  striata,  alba  vel  cinerea  aut  lutescente;  fasciis  transversis 
diversimod&  coloratis  ;  labro  intus  dentato. 

Shell  egg-shaped,  elongated,  variously  colored,  of  ash,  yel- 


64 


GENUS      BUCC1NUM. 


lowish  or  fawn-color,  sometimes  without  spots,  but  oftener 
with  transverse  brown  bands  which  surround  the  suture,  the 
middle  and  the  base  of  the  lowest  whirl.  The  spire  is  conical, 
composed  of  eight  or  nine  whirls  slightly  inflated,  shagreened 
upon  its  entire  surface  by  very  apparent  granulations,  disposed 
in  series,  and  forming  a  large  number  of  folds  or  longitudinal 
ridges,  with  transverse  striae ;  the  folds,  which  are  parallel  to 
the  length  of  the  shell,  are  more  numerous  than  those  which 
cross  it.  Aperture  ovate,  round,  brownish  or  whitish.  Lip 
straight,  thick,  ornamented  internally  with  small  denticulations. 
Columella  arcuated,  covered  by  the  left  lip,  which  is  furnished 
with  guttules  at  its  base. 

Length  10  lines.     Width  5  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  the  rocks  of  the  Island  of 
Teneriffe,  the  Canaries  and  the  Azores  ;  the  coasts  of  New 
Holland,  Van  Diemen's  Land,  and  of  the  South  Sea. 

This  species,  which  is  well  characterized  by  its  granular  folds, 
presents  some  varieties,  both  in  the  color  of  the  cavity  of  the 
shell,  and  in  that  of  its  bands.  Upon  some  the  rows  of  tuber- 
cles are  equal,  and  then  its  whole  surface  is  shagreened.  In 
others  the  longitudinal  folds  are  more  prominent,  more  distant, 
and  the  tubercles  less  apparent ;  the  general  color  of  these  does 
not  resemble  that  of  the  first :  it  is  brown,  and  whitish  bands 
take  the  place  of  the  deeper  bands  of  the  others.  The  whirls 
are  also  more  prominent  in  those  specimens  which  are  found  in 
the  South  Sea. 

The  young  of  this  species,  like  the  other  Buccina,  have  the 
lip  thin,  and  the  columella  without  a  callosity. 

All  these  differences  have  caused,  improperly,  a  division  of 
this  BUCCINUM  into  several  species,  and  even  into  several  genera. 
Risso,  in  his  work  upon  the  productions  of  Southern  Europe, 
has  formed  his  genera  NES^EA  and  LECHESIS  out  of  young  spe- 
cimens of  the  BUCCTNUM  fasciatum ;  and  his  MITRELLA  marmi- 
nea,  also,  is  nothing  more  than  a  young  specimen  of  this  last 
species. 


GEN  US      BUCCINUM.  (J5 

'^"^ 


65.  BUCCINUM   RETICULATUM,   LINN.,   GMEL.     The 

lated  Buccinum. 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  Conch.,  t.  966,  nV.  21,  a^  y— 

PI.  XXIll,  fig.  91,  and  pi.  XIX,  fig.  71,  vaj 


B.  testa  ovato-conica,  longitudinaliter  plicata,  striis  transversis  dec 
sata,  subgranulosa,  varie  colorata;   anfractibus  convexo-planis  ;  apertura 
rugosa  et  dentata. 

Shell  egg-shaped,  elongated,  rounded,  obtuse  at  its  lower 
extremity,  pointed  at  the  upper  extremity  ;  it  is  moderately 
thick.  Spire  conical,  composed  of  eight  or  nine  whirls,  almost 
flat,  or  slightly  swollen,  but  distant  from  each  other  ;  their 
surface  is  deeply  chequered  by  longitudinal  folds,  crossed 
by  numerous  striae.  Aperture  moderate,  white  and  ovate  ; 
right  lip  thick,  ornamented  within  with  seven  or  eight  striae,  of 
which  those  of  the  middle  are  generally  the  largest.  Colu- 
mella  slightly  arcuated,  covered  with  a  thin,  brilliant  plate. 
The  color  of  this  shell  is  of  a  yellowish  white,  reddish  or 
chestnut-color,  with  a  blackish  blue  band,  passing  beneath  the 
suture. 

Length  15  lines.     Width  7  lines. 

Inhabits  all  the  seas  of  Europe,  the  Island  of  TenerifFe,  the 
Azores,  and  the  coasts  of  Madagascar. 

This  species,  one  of  the  most  common  of  the  genus,  varies 
much  in  its  coloring,  and  offers  quite  a  number  of  varieties, 
either  in  its  form,  or  in  its  whitish  color,  which  is  sometimes 
uniform,  and  at  others  ferruginous.  Some  specimens  are  elon- 
gated, others,  on  the  contrary,  are  of  a  globular  appearance,  a 
distinction,  which,  I  suspect,  is  sexual.  The  most  remarkable 
variety  is  that  upon  which  the  striae  are  less  marked,  which  gives 
it  also  a  less  reticulated  appearance,  as  may  be  seen  in  our 
figure  71,  pi.  19. 

Buccinum.  E 


QQ  GENUS      BUCCINUM . 

66.  BUCCINTJM  MONILE,  NOBIS.     The  Necklace  Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.)     MONTAGU,  p.  243,  pi.  8,  fig.  1. 

•Pi.  XI,  fig.  40. 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  laevi,  nitida,  albescente,  fascia  resell  transversim 
cincta  ;  anfractibus  convexis,  longitudinaliter  tenuissime  costatis  ;  sutura 
ornatci  tuberculis  moniliformibus ;  apertura  ovata,  alba,  angustata ;  labro 
dextro  intus  striato  ;  columeM  callosa. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  smooth,  polished,  whitish  ;  a  decurrent 
band  of  a  rose  color  is  seen  beneath  the  suture,  and  three 
others  surround  the  middle  of  the  lowest  whirl ;  that  of  the 
middle  is  broader  and  more  apparent.  Spire  composed  of 
seven  slightly  convex  whirls,  ornamented  with  longitudinal 
ribs  formed  like  folds,  numerous  and  slightly  elevated.  The 
upper  edge  of  the  whirls  is  a  little  flattened.  The  base  of  the 
lowest  is  accompanied  with  two  distinct  ridges.  The  suture 
is  edged  with  rounded  tubercles  situated  between  each  fold, 
where  they  form  a  sort  of  necklace.  Aperture  ovate,  white, 
contracted  above  by  a  transverse  fold  of  the  callosity.  Right 
lip  sub-truncated,  somewhat  denticulated  upon  the  lower  edge, 
marked  with  transverse  striae  internally.  Columella  edge  cov- 
ered by  a  pretty  thick  callosity,  spreading  a  little  upon  the 
belly  of  the  shell. 

Length  11  lines.     Width  5i  lines. 

Inhabits  the  coasts  of  England  at  Purbeck  and  at  Wey- 
mouth,  and  those  of  New  Guinea. 

With  some  doubt,  duoy  and  Gaimard  gave  this  species  as  a 
variety  of  the  BUCCINUM  coronatum,  in  their  Voyage  de  I' Astro- 
labe, p.  44,  pi.  32,  fig.  11-12.  Indeed,  it  is  very  distinct  from 
this  last,  by  its  more  elongated  form,  by  the  tubercles  which 
border  the  whirls  of  the  spire,  and  by  its  longitudinal  folds. 
The  specimen  referred  to  by  the  authors  we  have  quoted,  was 
covered  with  a  ferruginous  red  tint. 

Dr.  Pulteney  found  a  specimen  of  this  species  at  Purbeck, 
upon  the  coasts  of  England.  Montagu  says,  also,  that  it  is 
found  at  Weymouth,  but  rarely. 


GENUS      BUCCINUM. 


67.  BUCCINUM    GUAL-TERIANUM,    NOBIS.     Gualtieri's   Buc- 

cinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.)     GUALTIERI,  pi.  51,  fig.  1. 

PI.  XIX,  fig.  70. 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  griseo-cinerea,  acuta,  longitudinaliter  plicata, 
transversim  striata ;  ultimo  anfractu  convexiore ;  aperturu  ovata,  viola- 
cea ;  labro  dextro  intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  of  an  ash-gray  color ;  spire  pointed, 
composed  of  six  or  seven  whirls,  the  lowest  of  which  com- 
poses alone  nearly  half  of  the  shell ;  this  is  swollen,  and 
slightly  compressed  above.  The  other  whirls  are  somewhat 
convex,  except  the  last  but  one  ;  their  surface  is  ornamented 
with  eleven  or  twelve  distant,  prominent,  rounded,  longitudinal 
folds,  intersected  transversely  by  fine  compact  striae.  Aper- 
ture ovate,  slightly  oblique,  of  a  violet  gray  ;  right  lip  furnished 
interiorly  with  numerous  striae  which  are  continued  even  to 
the  depth  of  the  cavity.  Columella  smooth  and  whitish,  with 
a  pretty  prominent  fold  at  the  base. 

Length  1  inch.     Width  6  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Isle  of  New  Ireland. 

We  refer  to  this  species,  a  shell  described  and  figured  by 
Quoy  and  Gaimard  under  the  name  of  PURPTTRA  nassoides. 
Voyage  de  T Astrolabe,  page  564,  pi.  38,  fig.  10-10. 

The  specimen  which  was  made  use  of  by  those  naturalists, 
appears  to  us  to  be  the  same  shell,  only  smaller,  and  in  a  less 
perfect  state  of  preservation ;  for  it  presents  precisely  the  same 
characters  as  that  of  which  we  have  just  given  a  description. 


ll, 


68  GENUS      BUCCINUM. 


68.  BJJCCINUM  OLIVIFORME,  NOBIS.     The  Olive-formed  Buc- 


.  MASS.) 

PL  XXV,  fig.  99. 

B.  testa  ovoi'da,  subgranulosa,  crassiuscula,  olivacea  ;  spira  altiuscula, 
longitudinaliter  exilibus,  transversim  multiplicibus  striis  ornata  ;  aperturS. 
ovata,  intus  ccerulescente  ;  labro  dextro  laevi,  tenui,  intus  striato. 

Shell  ovoid,  subgranular,  somewhat  globular,  not  very  thick, 
spire  moderately  raised,  composed  of  six  rounded  whirls, 
furnished  with  longitudinal  striae,  slightly  marked  and  crossed 
by  numerous  transverse  striae  ;  suture  indistinct.  Aperture 
ovate,  of  a  bluish  gray  within,  and  somewhat  truncated  at  the 
base,  which  is  slightly  emarginated  :  right  lip  smooth,  thin, 
delicately  striated  internally.  Columella  smooth,  somewhat 
excavated.  This  shell  is  of  an  uniform  olive  color  ;  the 
distribution  of  the  striae  which  cover  it,  is  constantly  the 
same. 

Length  10  lines.     Width  5  lines. 
Inhabits  North  America.4 

This  shell  was  brought  from  New  York,  without  its  precise 
locality  being  pointed  out.  The  texture  of  the  shell,  and  the 
upper  whirls,  which  are  often  carious,  would  indicate  that  this 
species  inhabits  fresh  water,  like  the  Melanopsides. 


4  Wood,  in  the  Supplement  to  his  Index,  published  in  1828,  figures 
this  species,  plate  4,  as  the  BUCCINUM  JYoveboracensis.  A  very  accurate 
description  of  this  shell,  which  abounds  in  brackish  water  along  our  whole 
northern  coast,  at  least,  together  with  the  organization  and  habits  of  its 
inhabitant,  was  read  by  the  lamented  Thomas  Say,  before  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  in  1821,  and  published  in  their  Journal 
the  following  year,  under  the  name  of  NASSA  obsoleta — this  name  will 
undoubtedly  be  retained  by  the  American  Conchologist.  The  transverse 
striae  are  constant,  but  the  longitudinal  striae  are  usually  wanting,  and 
are  often  replaced  by  folds  running  the  whole  length  of  the  shell,  re- 
sembling in  these  respects  B.  undatum.  Kiener's  description  applies  to 
the  young  shell. — TR. 


GENUSBUCCINUM.  59 

69.  BUCCINUM  BRASIL.IANUM,  LAM.     The  BrazU  Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     WOOD,  Catal.  suppl.,  pi.  4.  fij 

PI.  XVII,  fig.  59. 

B,  testa  ovato-oblonga,  crassiuscula,  Isevissima,  alba"  ;  anfractibus  con- 
vexo-planis,  connatis ;  labri  limbo  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  oblong,  thick  and  smooth  ;  the  external  surface 
is  entirely  white  or  ash  colored,  polished,  covered  with  a  thick 
reddish  brown  epidermis.  Spire  composed  of  six  or  seven 
slightly  elongated  whirls,  somewhat  convex,  and  united  by  a 
very  fine,  regular,  linear  suture.  Aperture  ovate,  terminated 
at  the  base  by  a  shallow  emargination.  Right  lip  simple, 
sharp-edged,  expanded,  furnished  with  fine  transverse  striae  in- 
ternally :  left  lip  smooth,  arcuated  lengthwise,  and  partially 
covering  the  columella. 

Length  8  lines.     Width  4|  lines. 
Inhabits  the  coasts  of  Brazil  in  the  Bay  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

This  species  is  remarkable  for  its  dilated  aperture,  and  for  the 
reflection  of  its  right  lip,  which  gives  it  some  affinity  to  the 
genus  PLANAXIS.  Wood,  in  his  catalogue,  has  called  it  BUCCI- 
NUM IcBvigatum. 

•     : 

70.  BUCCINUM  GAYII,  NOBJS.     Gay's  Buccinum. 
(Collect.  MASS. 

PI.  XXI,  fig.  79. 

B.  testa  parva,  elongata,  conica,  crassa,  rufescente ;  anfractibus  con- 
vexiusculis,  distinctis,  longitudinaliter  tuberculose  plicatis,  transversim 
tenuissime  striatis ;  apertura  subrotundala,  albescente  ;  labro  dextro  intus 
striato ;  columella  laevi,  arcuata. 

Shell  small,  elongated,  conical,  pretty  thick,  formed  of  six 
distinct,  slightly  convex  whirls.  The  surface  of  the  upper 
whirls  appears  to  be  shagreened  by  very  small  tubercles,  form- 


70  GENUS      BUCOINUM. 

ed  by  a  multitude  of  very  approximate  longitudinal  folds  and 
transverse  striae.  Upon  the  lowest  whirls  the  longitudinal  folds 
disappear,  and  the  *  transverse  striae,  on  the  contrary,  become 
more  apparent.  Suture  simple,  accompanied  by  a  small,  very 
narrow  scaffolding,  formed  by  a  row  of  granulations,  a  little 
larger,  and  like  papillae.  Aperture  subrotund,  whitish.  Right 
lip  smooth  at  its  edge,  striated  internally.  Columella  arcu- 
ated and  smooth.  The  general  color  of  this  shell  is  of  an 
uniform  red  brown. 

Length  7  lines.     Width  3  lines. 
Inhabits  the  coasts  of  Chili,  where  it  is  very  common. 

This  shell,  which  was  brought  from  Chili  by  M.  Gay,  a  natu- 
ralist, has  some  resemblance  to  the  BUCCINUM  reticulatum,  yet 
obvious  differences  easily  distinguish  it.  It  has  the  whirls  less 
convex,  the  folds  less  prominent ;  it  is  much  smaller,  its  color- 
ing is  not  the  same,  and,  finally,  it  has,  around  the  suture,  tuber- 
cles which  are  not  found  in  the  B.  reticulatum. 

Young  specimens  of  this  species  have  more  prominent  longi- 
tudinal folds,  which  are  continued  quite  to  the  base  of  the  lowest 
whirl. 

71.  BUCCINUM  PEDICUL  ARE,  LAM.    The  Pedicular  Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)    CHEMN.,  pi.  125,  fig'.  1186-1189. 

ch/,.   i  $t(. 
/J,  &*uM»         1  ^  a  \     PI.  XXV,  fig.  102. 

B.  testa'minima,  ovato-conica,  laevigata,  lineis  albidis  et  spadiceo-fuscis 
alternis  eleganter  cincta  ;  spira  acuta ;  apertura  rotundata. 

Shell  very  small,  ovate,  conical,  smooth,  diaphanous,  colored 
with  white,  elegantly  ornamented  upon  its  whole  surface  with 
pretty  numerous,  narrow,  transverse  lines,  of  a  blackish  brown  ; 
spire  composed  of  six  slightly  convex  whirls ;  the  lowest  is  in- 
flated, and  larger  than  all  the  others  united  ;  suture  linear,  very 
fine  ;  aperture  subrounded,  violet  color;  within  are  perceived 
the  external  colored  lines.  Right  lip  simple,  thin,  sharp  ;  the 


GENUS      BUCCI  NUM.  7J 

edge   is   expanded,   marked   with   brown   lines.     Columella 
smooth  and  arcuated. 

Length  3  lines.     Width  2  lines. 
Inhabits  the  coasts  of  England,  and  the  West  India  Seas. 

Da  Costa  says  that  this  little  shell  is  found  at  Cornwall,  where 
it  is  very  common ;  and  Dr.  Pulteney  maintains,  also,  that  it  is 
very  abundant  upon  the  coast  of  Dorsetshire. 

This  very  small  shell  had  been  described  and  figured  in  several 
old  works,  under  the  name  of  BUCCINUM  lincatum.  Lamarck, 
not  being  aware  of  this  circumstance,  gave  it  the  name  of  BUC- 
CINUM pediculare,  which  has  been  retained  by  conchologists. 

72.  BUCCINUM  SULCATUM,  NOBIS.     The  Furrowed  Buccinum. 
(Collect.  MASS.) 

PI.  XIII,  fig.  45. 

B.  testa  parva,  ovato-conica,  luteo-albida,  transversim  tenuissime  striata  ; 
spira  elongata  ;  apertura  ovata,  albida ;  labro  dextro  crassiusculo,  inltis 
transversim  striato  ;  epidermi  rufescente. 

Shell  small,  ovate,  conical,  spire  elongated,  formed  of  six 
distinct  whirls,  furnished  with  numerous,  transverse,  pretty  fine 
stria? ;  these  striae  are  regular  and  beautiful ;  there  are  none 
upon  the  two  upper  whirls,  which  are  smooth.  Suture  ap- 
parent ;  the  stria  which  borders  it,  is  a  little  more  distant  than 
the  others,  and  of  an  obscure  color.  Aperture  ovate,  whitish ; 
right  lip  thickish',  marked  internally  by  transverse  stria? ;  colu- 
rnella  slightly  arcuated,  partially  covered  by  a  thin  brilliant 

plate.     Epidermis  reddish.     The  shell  is  of  an  urtifbrfn  yd- 
.  ,  *•*•» 

lowish  white  color. 

Length  7  lines.     Width  3^  lines. 
Inhabits 

This  shell  is  very  remarkable  for  the  numerous  fine  striae 
which  completely  cover  it.  Its  uniform  color  renders  it  easily 
distinguishable. 


72  «*  E  N  U  8      B  U  C  C  I  N  II  M  . 

73.  BUCCINUM  PUNCTATUM,  NOBIS.     The  Dotted  Buccinum. 
(Collect.  MASS.)     CHEMN.,  pi.  125,  fig.  1179. 

PI.  XIV,  fig,  51. 

B.  testa  parva,  ovato-conica,  albida,  fuscis  fasciisculis  tenuissime  ordi- 
natis  transversira  distincta;  anfractibus  convexiusculis  ;  apertura  ovata, 
albida  ;  labro  dextro  crassiusculo,  intfis  striato. 

Shell  small,  ovate,  conical,  whitish,  covered  with  very  nu- 
merous small  brown  spots,  arranged  in  transverse  series.  Two 
rows  of  spots,  more  distinct,  and  of  a  deeper  color,  are  observ- 
ed upon  the  lowest  whirl.  The  spire  is  composed  of  six 
whirls,  which  are  slightly  convex  ;  the  third  is  ornamented 
with  numerous,  projecting,  longitudinal  folds  ;  the  others  are 
smooth.  Aperture  ovate,  white  ;  right  lip  thickish,  striated 
internally  ;  left  lip  covering  the  columella  throughout  its  whole 
length. 

Length  4  lines.     Width  2  lines. 
Inhabits 

This  shell  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  the  genus  BUCCINUM. 
The  distribution  of  its  numerous  dots,  arranged  in  transverse 
series,  gives  it  a  very  pleasing  appearance. 

74.  BUCCINUM  FASCIOLATUM,  LAM.     The  Belted  .Bpccinum. 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     PAYR.,  Cat.  de  la  Corse,  pi.  8, 
fig-  ?,  8,  9. 


PL  XVII,  fig.  61,  62,  var.  A,  63,  var.  B. 

B.  testft  ovato-eonica,  laevigata,  rubente  ;  anfractibus  convexiusculis  ; 
subconnatis,  ultimo  zonis  duabus  ccerulescentibus  reraotis  cincto;  labro 
intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  thick,  smooth,  pointed  at  its  summit, 
spire  composed  of  six  or  seven  slightly  distinct  whirls  ;  suture 
moderately  deep,  a  few  transverse  striae  at  the  base  of  the 


GENUS     BUCCINUM.  73 

lowest  whirl.  Aperture  pretty  large,  ovate,  violet  colored  or 
chestnut,  dilated  towards  the  middle  ;  right  lip  sharp,  denticu- 
lated within.  Left  lip  thick,  and  partially  covering  the  colu- 
mella  in  its  whole  extent.  Epidermis  thin,  of  a  greenish  or 
reddish  brown,  and  beneath  are  perceived  transverse  zones, 
and  spots  of  a  slate  or  violet  gray  color,  with  a  decurrent 
white  band,  articulated  with  brown  or  bay-colored  spots  upon 
the  suture. 

Length  9  lines.     Width  4J-  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  the  coasts  of  Southern  France, 
of  Sicily  and  of  Corsica ;  where  it  is  found  in  great  abundance 
upon  the  rocks  which  bound  the  shore. 

This  species  has  been  described  and  figured  by  Payreaudeau 
in  his  Catalogue  de  la  Corse,  p.  160,  pi.  8,  fig.  7,  8,  9,  under  the 
name  of  BUCCINUM  Cameilii;  by  Blainville,  who  united  it  to  his 
BUCCINUM  corniculum  in  the  Faune  Franpaise,  p.  183,  pi.  6,  B, 
fig.  5,  5,  A,  and  by  Risso,  who  called  it  PLANAXIS  olivacea. 
The  form  of  the  shell  varies  little ;  but  not  so  the  size  and 
color :  some  specimens  remain  invariably  smaller,  with  more 
apparent  zones,  and  of  a  blackish  brown  color,  the  spots  and  the 
edge  of  the  right  lip  of  a  dull  white  :  we  give  a  figure  of  them, 
pi.  17,  fig.  62.  Others  present  a  variety  of  the  same  size,  upon 
which  the  bands  are  no  longer  apparent ;  the  shell  is  then  covered 
with  reddish  spots  upon  a  rose  white  ground :  these  small  points 
often  run  together  into  undulating,  longitudinal  lines. 

A  third  variety  is  very  remarkable  for  its  deep  black  color; 
we  have  represented  it,  pi.  17,  fig.  63.  Numerous  pretty  fine 
transverse  stria?  cover  its  whole  surface,  and  whitish  spots  sur- 
round the  base  of  the  suture.  Finally,  there  are  others  which 
are  of  a  straw  color,  and  upon  which  the  bands  are  scarcely  to 
be  seen. 

It  also  sometimes  happens,  but  very  rarely,  that  the  type  spe- 
cies has  upon  the  lowest  whirl,  pretty  numerous  and  strongly 
prominent  longitudinal  folds.  (Gualtieri,  pi.  43,  fig.  P). 


GENUS      B  U  C  O  I  N  U M  . 


75.    BUCCINUM    UNIFASCIATUM,    NOBIS.     The   One  Banded 

Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.) 

PI.  XIV,  fig.  50. 

B.  testA  ovato-conica,  elongata,  nitida,  luteo  aut  fulvo-albida ;  anfracti- 
bus  convexiusculis,  tenuissime  plicatis,  transverse  striatis;  aperjturd  ovata, 
albid&  ;  labro  dextio  crasso,  inttis  dentato;  columella  alba,  arcuata. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  elongated,  polished,  spire  composed  of 
seven  pretty  distinct,  but  slightly  convex  whirls,  ornamented 
with  numerous  deeply  furrowed  folds ;  the  folds  of  the  lowest 
whirl  are  gradually  effaced  by  age,  and  sometimes  completely 
disappear.  These  folds  are  crossed  by  very  fine  and  very 
numerous  transverse  striae,  colored  with  articulated,  elongated, 
brown  and  whitish  spots  ;  the  striae  of  the  base  are  more 
strongly  prominent.  Aperture  ovate,  whitish  ;  right  lip  thick, 
denticulated  internally.  Columella  white,  arcuated,  with  a 
few  guttules  at  its  base.  The  general  color  is  of  a  yellowish 
white,  or  fawn-color,  with  a  brown,  decurrent  band  above  the 
suture,  and  a  single  other  at  the  middle  of  the  lowest  whirl, 
like  a  girdle. 

Length  9  lines.     Width  4  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  on  the  coasts  of  Sicily. 

This  species  seems  to  resemble  the  BUCCINUM  Cuvieri ;  and 
it  would  be  well  to  regard  it  as  a  local  variety  of  that ;  never- 
theless, there  is  an  essential  difference  between  the  two  shells ; 
it  consists  in  the  very  marked  transverse  band  upon  the  lowest 
whirl  of  the  B.  unifasciatum,  which  induced  me  to  give  it  that 
name,  and  its  size,  which  is  double  that  of  the  BUCCINUM  Cuvieri. 

The  One-banded  Buccinum  presents,  also,  in  itself,  some  va- 
rieties of  color.  Some  specimens  are  of  a  straw-yellow,  and 
sometimes  they  have  not  the  transverse  band ;  others,  in  which 
the  band  is  slightly  apparent,  have  longitudinal  spots  upon 
strongly  marked  transverse  striae,  of  a  dull  white. 


GENUS     BUCCINUM 


75 


V     76.  BUCCINUM  CUVIERI,  PAVR.     Cuvier's  Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.)     PAYR.,  Cat.  de  la   Corse,  p.  163,  pi.  8, 
fig.  17-18. 

PI.  XX,  fig.  74,  75,  var.  A,  76,  var.  B. 

B.  testA  parva,  ovato-conica,  nitida,  pellucida,  acuta,  luteo-albida,  longi- 
trorstim  tenuiter  plicata,  transvers&  striata  ;  anfractibus  convexiusculis, 
margine  superior!  albis,  fusco-castaneis,  aut  fusco-coerulescentibus ;  aper- 
tura  alba ;  labro  dextro  crasso,  intus  striato. 

Shell  small,  ovate,  conical,  rather  shining,  pointed  ;  spire 
formed  of  six  or  seven  indistinct  whirls,  often  ornamented  with 
longitudinal  folds,  which  are  rarely  continued  to  the  base  of 
the  lowest  whirl,  and  which  are  crossed  by  very  fine  and 
slightly  marked  transverse  striae.  Aperture  white ;  right  lip 
thick,  white  externally,  and  denticulated  within.  Columella 
smooth,  with  two  guttules  at  the  base.  The  coloring  of  the 
shell  is  very  various.  The  ground  is  generally  of  a  yellowish 
white ;  the  transverse  striae  are  accompanied  with  very  fine 
lines,  white  and  of  a  red  bay  color ;  reddish,  or  bluish  brown 
spots,  intersected  with  white,  form  zones  upon  the  upper-part 
of  each  whirl.  At  the  base,  and  the  middle  of  the  lowest,  the 
brown  lines  are  more  marked. 

Length  6  lines.     Width  3  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  the  coasts  of  Southern  France, 
and  of  Corsica,  where  it  is  very  common. 

This  BUCCINUM  varies  so  much  in  its  coloring,  that  some 
authors,  deceived  by  the  different  shades  of  the  shell,  have  di- 
vided it  into  several  species.  Payraudeau,  in  his  Catalogue  des 
Coquilles  de  la  Corse,  pi.  8,  fig.  15, 16,  has  established  a  species 
under  the  name  of  BUCCINUM  Ferussad,  the  greater  part  of  the 
characters  of  which  belong  equally  to  that  which  he  had  already 
called  BUCCINUM  Cuvieri,  the  same  we  have  just  described.  In 
the  Ferrusaci  of  that  author,  the  longitudinal  folds,  which  are 
prolonged  upon  the  lowest  whirl,  are  more  prominent,  the  color 


7(3  GENUS      BUCCINUM. 

almost  uniform,  and  the  spots  are  only  formed  upon  the  upper 
part  of  the  whirls,  instead  of  covering  the  whole  surface  of  the 
shell.  See  our  plate  20,  fig.  75. 

Specimens  are  also  met  with  which  are  nearly  black.  Blain- 
ville,  in  the  Faune  Frangaise,  pi.  6,  B,  fig.  4-4A,  has  figured 
this  variety  under  the  name  of  BUCCINUM  Ascanias ;  but  the 
description  which  he  has  added,  p.  178,  No.  15,  by  no  means 
belongs  to  the  figure  exhibited.  We  figure 'it,  pi.  20,  fig.  76. 
Risso,  in  his  work  upon  the  productions  of  Southern  Europe, 
has  formed  from  the  varieties  of  this  species,  his  PLANAXIS  Beu- 
dantiana,  pi.  9,  fig.  125 ;  PLANAXIS  lineolata,  page  173,  pi.  9, 
fig.  136;  PLANAXIS  raricostata,  p.  174,  pi.  8,  fig.  106.  Da 
Costa  in  his  Catalogue  des  Coquilles  de  la  Sidle,  proposes  to 
unite  the  two  species  of  Payraudeau,  and  to  give  the  type  species 
the  name  of  BUCCINUM  elegans.  As  for  us,  we  shall  retain  his 
first  name  of  BUCCINUM  Cuvierii. 


77.  BUCCINUM    SCALARIFORME,    VAL.      The   Stair-formed 

Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.)     CHEMN.,  pi.  188,  fig.  1808-1809? 

M  f/  P1.  XXI>  fig.  80. 

B.  testS.  ovato-elongat^,  subturrita,apice  acuta,  albida;  anfractibus  valde 
convexisr  rotundatis,  longitudinaliter  plicatis,  trans versim  tenuissim6  stria- 
tis;  apertura  alba,  pubrotundata ;  labro  dextro  tenui,  inttis  striato;  colu- 
mella  arcuata. 

Shell  ovate,  elongated,  slightly  turreted,  pointed  at  the 
summit ;  spire  composed  of  seven  very  convex  rounded  whirls, 
united  by  a  shallow  suture.  Upon  the  whirls  are  regularly 
disposed  longitudinal  ribs  or  folds,  crossed  by  numerous,  fine, 
approximate  strise,  which,  by  their  mutual  intersection,  cover 
the  surface  of  the  shell.  Aperture  white,  and  slightly  rounded. 
Right  lip  thin,  striated  internally ;  columella  arcuated,  covered 
by  the  left  lip.  The  coloring  is  whitish,  sometimes  ornamented 
with  transverse  bands. 

Length  14  lines.     Width  7  lines. 


GENUS      BUCCINUM. 

Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean. 


This  shell  approaches  the  BUCCINUM  Roissyi  ;  it  is,  neverthe- 
less, distinguished  by  quite  remarkable  differences  :  it  is  larger, 
and  has  the  whirls  more  convex  and  the  longitudinal  folds  more 
prominent. 


78.  BUCCINUM  ROISSYI,  DESHAYES.     De  Roissy's  Bu 

ft  t&\ti',ijr. 

(Collect.  MASS.)  BELLANG.,  Voy.  aux  Ind.  Or.,  pi.  3,  fig.  3-4. 
PI.  XXI,  fig.  82. 

B.  testa  elongata,  subturrita,  angusta,pallide  fulvd  clathrata ;  anfractibus 
convexis,  ultimo  brevi;  apertnra  minima,  albd  ;  labro  dextro  intiis  striato  ; 
columella  obliqu&  truncata. 

Shell  elongated,  subturreted  ;  spire  long,  pointed,  formed  of 
eight  or  nine  convex  whirls,  chequered  by  longitudinal  folds, 
and  pretty  numerous  and  very  regular  transverse  striae.  The 
lowest  whirl  is  short  and  subglobular.  Aperture  small,  ovate, 
oblong,  and  white  in  all  its  parts.  Right  lip  finely  striated 
internally ;  columella  cylindrical,  obliquely  truncated,  and 
terminated  at  the  base  by  a  deep  emargination,  which  is 
recurved  towards  the  back  of  the  shell.  The  coloring  is  a 
little  remarkable :  it  is  of  an  uniform,  pale,  fawn-color,  but 
interrupted  on  the  lowest  whirl  by  an  obscure  and  transverse 
whitish  zone. 

Length  9  lines.     Width  5  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean. 

This  »ather  rare  spsecies  'has  been  found  only  in  the  Indian 
Seas.  Bellanger  obtained  it  in  his  voyage  to  Pondicherry. 


78  GENUS     BUCCINUM. 


79,  BUCCINUM  ORNATUM,  NOBIS.     The  Ornamented  Buccinum. 


. 

m,/***  (Collect*  ASS-),  CHEMN-J  pL  124>  fig-  168> 

PI.  XXI,  fig.  83. 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  apice  acuta,  albo-violacea,  rufo  zonatft  ;  anfractibus 
convexis,  Isevibus,  longitudinaliter  plicatis,  infime  et  superne  striatis  ;  aper- 
tura  subovata,  albescente;  labro  dextro  marginato,  intus  striato;  columella 
arcuata,  longitudinaliter  guttata; 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  pointed  at  the  summit  ;  spire  pyramidal, 
formed  of  six  or  seven  distinct,  smooth,  convex  whirls,  covered 
with  very  prominent,  convex,  longitudinal  folds,  intersected 
only  at  the  base,  and  upon  the  two  or  three  upper  whirls,  by 
a  few  pretty  deep  transverse  striae.  Upon  these  whirls  the 
strise  become  finer  and  more  approximate  ;  they  rarely  exist 
upon  the  whole  surface  ;  in  like  manner  the  longitudinal  folds 
do  not  appear  upon  the  right  portion  of  the  lowest  whirl.  The 
color  is  of  a  violaceous  white  ;  a  dark  red  zone  borders  the 
suture,  and  a  broader  and  browner  band  surrounds  also  the 
middle  of  the  lowest  whirl. 

Length  10  lines.     Width  6  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean,  the  coasts  of  Tranquebar,  of 
Coromandel,  and  the  Island  of  Ceylon. 

This  shell,  easily  distinguished  by  its  transverse  bands,  has 
also  been  figured  in  Wood's  Catalogue,  p.  23,  fig.  120,  under 
the  name  of  BUCCINUM  stolatum. 


80.  BUCCINUM  ASC  ANIAS,  BRUG.     The  Jlscanias  Buccinum. 

&**H>.m.^3X' 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     GUALTIERI,  Test.,  t.  44,  fig.  N. 


- 

,  i  A;  »  '•  >'"•'  v.  7  ,tf"jr       *r 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  longitudinaliter  plicata,  transversim  striata,  cinerea 
aut  luteo-fulva  ;  anfractibus  valde  convexis,  ultimo  spira  breviore  ;  apertura 
rotundatci  ;  labro  extus  marginato,  intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  elongated,  subturreted  ;  spire  pointed,  composed  of 


GENUS      B  U  C  C  I  N  U  M  .  79 

seven  strongly  convex  whirls,  furnished  with  longitudinal  folds, 
quite  apparent,  intersected  transversely  by  numerous,  regular, 
fine  striae  ;  aperture  rounded  and  whitish  ;  right  lip  thick, 
margined  externally,  and  striated  internally ;  columella  arcuat- 
ed, covered  by  the  left  lip,  which  is  polished,  and  covered 
with  small,  delicate,  raised  striae ;  the  base  strongly  folded 
upon  the  back.  The  general  color  is  of  an  ash-red,  with  a 
whitish  band  which  covers  the  suture,  and  the  middle  of  the 
lowest  whirl. 

Length  8  lines.     Width  4  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  the  coasts  of  Naples,  Sicily, 
and  Barbary. 

The  distinction  of  this  shell  consists,  especially,  in  the  whirls, 
which  are  always  very  convex ;  but  sometimes  the  band  at  the 
suture,  and  upon  the  middle  of  the  lowest  whirl,  does  not  exist. 

81.  BUCCINUM  COCCINEL.L,  A,  LAM.     The  Lady-bug  Buccinum. 
(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     MONT.,  Test.  Brit.,  pi.  8^  fig.  4. 

PI.  XXV,  fig.  98 ;  et  pi.  XX,  fig.  77-78,  var. 

B.  testa  parvula,  ovato-conica,  crassiuscula,  longitudinaliter  et  oblique 
plicata,  transversim  tenuissimeque  striata,  colore  varia ;  anfractibus  con- 
vexis  ;  labro  margine  inflexo,  crasso,  intus  dentato. 

iShell  pretty  thick,  ovate,  elongated  or  conical,  reddish,  very 
variable  in  color,  as,  more  or  less  deep  fawn-color,  blackish 
ferruginous,  and  sometimes  whitish ;  whitish  or  brown  spots 
upon  the  whirls  ;  these  are  seven  in  number,  distinct,  inflated, 
folded  throughout  their  whole  length,  and  crossed  by  numerous 
pretty  apparent  striae ;  aperture  white,  rounded,  right  lip 
thick,  margined,  marked  with  spots  externally,  and  denticulated 
internally  ;  columella  arcuated,  smooth.  Left  lip  obliterated, 
flat,  and  a  little  raised  near  the  base. 

Length  7  lines.     Width  4  lines. 


80  GENUSBUCCINUM. 

Inhabits  the  Channel,  on  the  coasts  of  France  and  England, 
the  Atlantic,  and  the  Mediterranean,  where  it  is  very  common. 

This  shell  is  so  variable  in  its  form,  which  is  more  or  less 
elongated,  and  particularly  in  its  coloring,  that  some  authors 
have  subdivided  it  into  several  species.  These  infinite  divisions 
in  science  are  a  perfect  chaos,  engrossing  all  our  time  and 
memory  in  the  study  of  endless  nomenclatures.  It  would  be 
useful  to  compare  together,  as  much  as  possible,  species  of  the 
same  latitudes  ;  and  if,  in  a  series  of  specimens,  we  recog- 
nised only  differences  of  size  and  color,  to  establish  them  ac- 
cordingly, as  local  varieties;  these  differences  usually  depend- 
ing, in  fact,  upon  mere  modifications,  occasioned  by  the  different 
places  which  they  inhabit. 

Montagu  gives  the  shell  we  have  described,  Test.  Brit.,  p.  247, 
t.  A,  fig.  4,  under  the  name  of  BUCCINUM  macula.  Payraudeau, 
in  his  Catalogue  de  la  Corse,  p.  157,  pi.  7,  fig.  23-24,  names, 
likewise,  BUCCINUM  macula  a  variety  which  is  more  elongated 
than  that  of  Montagu.  We  have  figured  it,  pi.  20,  fig.  78. 
This  author  gives  the  name  BUCCINUM  Lacepedii,  to  a  variety 
smaller,  and  of  an  uniform  color,  which  we  give,  pi.  20,  fig.  77. 
The  PLANAXIS  affinis  and  rosacea  of  Risso,  also,  should  be 
restored  to  this  species. 

v      82.  BUCCINUM,  MIGA,  ADANSON.     The  Miga  Succinum. 
(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  ADANS.,  Voy.  au  Senegal,  pi.  8,  fig.  10. 

p..  xxii,  fig.  ST.  ^^.ii.nt./'^l 

B.  testa  ovata,  longitudinaliter  plicata,  transversim  minutissime  striata  ; 
albo-lutescente  aut  rubente,  postice  rufo-zonata  ;  plicis  distantibus  obliquis  ; 
anfractibus  convexis  ;  apertura  subrotundata. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  of  an  ash-gray  color  ;  ornamented  with 
a  reddish  zone  at  the  suture,  and  another,  much  wider  and 
more  deeply  colored  band,  at  the  base  of  the  lowest  whirl  ; 
spire  composed  of  seven  rounded,  swollen  whirls,  provided 
with  ten  or  twelve  distant  and  slightly  oblique  folds,  marked 
also  by  a  great  number  of  transverse  stria?,  which  intersect  the 


/ 


G  £  N  U  S      B  U  U  C  1  M  U  M  .  gj 

folds  at  right  angles,  and  become  more  apparent  near  the  base 
of  the  lowest  whirl.  Aperture  whitish  or  violet  colored, 
nearly  round ;  right  lip  slightly  margined,  covered  internally 
with  transverse  striae.  Columella  arcuated,  and  twisted  at  its 
base  ;  left  lip,  which  partially  covers  it,  is  indistinctly  striated, 
and  forms  a  wrinkle  at  the  upper  part. 

Length  18  lines.     Width  5  lines. 
Inhabits 'the'coa&s  of  Barbary,  and  of  Western  Africa. 

This  species,  which  is  nearly  related  to  the  BUCCINUM  asca- 
nias,  ought  to  be  united  to  it ;  for  it  differs  from  it  only  in  the 
form  of  the  lowest  whirl,  which  is  more  ventricose,  and  by  the 
longitudinal  folds,  which  are  a  little  more  separated. 

83.  BUCCINUM  AMBIGUUM,  MONT.     The  Ambiguous  Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.)     MONT.,  Test.  Brit.,  pi.  9,  fig.  7. 

^A'-A-^^''^*' 
Pi.  XXI,  fig.  81.  £ 

B.  testa  parva,  brevi,  conico-globulosa,  colore  varia,  fulvo  fasciata  aut 
maculata,  plicis  longitudinalibus  striisque  transversim  subtilioribus  undu- 
latis  decussate! ;  anfractibus  convexis,  carinatis ;  aperture!  alba,  suborbicu- 
latd ;  labro  dextro  marginato,  intus  striato. 

Shell  small,  short,  conico-globular,  color  slightly  variable, 
whitish  or  reddish,  marked  with  fawn-colored  bands  or  isolated 
spots  of  the  same  color ;  spire  composed  of  six  or  seven 
convex  whirls,  keeled  and  strongly  folded.  The  whirls  are 
distant  and  swollen  near  the  suture  ;  it  has,  also,  upon  its 
entire  surface,  fine  and  numerous  transverse  striae.  Aperture 
whitish,  suborbicular ;  right  lip  margined,  marked  with  brown 
spots  and  striated  internally ;  columella  arcuated ;  the  base 
strongly  recurved. 

Length  7  lines.     Width  4  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Channel,  the  coasts  of  England,* the  Mediterra- 
Buccinum.  F 


82  GENUS      BUCCINUM. 

nean,  the  coasts  of  Provence,  the  Isles  of  Hieres,  and  those  of 
Sicily. 

This  little  shell  is  closely  allied  to  the  BUCCINUM  coccimlla ; 
nevertheless,  it  differs  from  it  by  the  shortening  of  the  whirls, 
and  by  the  more  separated  and  more  elevated  folds,  at  their 
upper  part. 

84.  BUCCINUM  GEMMULATUM,  LAM.    The.PearledBuccinum. 

Ujtl.Mlf. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     PETIVER,  Amb.,  pi.  64,  fig.  7. 

PI.  XXII,  fig.  84. 

B.  testa  ovali,  ventricosa,  longitudinaliter  plicato-granosa,  striis  im- 
pressis  transverse  decussata,  alba,  rubro-nebulosa  ;  suturis  excavatis  ;  spira 
breviuscuM  ;  apertura  rotundata  ;  columellci  basi  granulosa  ;  labro  intus 
sulcato. 

Shell  ovate,  ventricose,  spire  pointed,  composed  of  six  or 
seven  convex  whirls ;  it  is  ornamented  upon  its  whole  surface 
with  granular,  longitudinal  folds,  and  transverse  striae.  Suture 
very  distinct,  formed  by  a  small  canal,  and  bordered  with 
closer  tubercles,  principally  upon  the  lowest  whirl,  which  is 
very  much  inflated,  and  composes  almost  half  of  the  shell. 
Aperture  rounded  ;  right  lip  arcuated,  thin,  folded  upon  the 
edge,  ornamented  internally  with  raised  striae,  which  are  con- 
tinued within  the  shell.  Left,  lip  expands  upon  the  colu- 
mella,  which  is  truncated  towards  the  top,  and  extends  like  a 
raised  lip  towards  the  base ;  it  is  covered  lengthwise  by  two 
or  three  slightly  marked,  oblique  folds.  The  interior  of  this 
shell  is  of  a  diaphanous  white,  like  the  surface,  which,  more- 
over, is  covered  with  reddish  clouds. 

Length  1  inch.     Width  9  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Indian  Sea. 

The  series  of  pearl-like  tubercles  which  cover  this  shell,  and 
its  coloring,  of  a  brilliant  white,  mingled  sometimes  with  rose 
spots,  particularly  in  young  specimens,  give  it  a  most  pleasing 
appearance. 


UENUS      BUCCINUM.  83 

85.  BUCCINUM  ABBREVIATUM,  WOOD.    The  Tun  Buccinum. 

(Collect.' MASS.)     CHEMN.,  pi.  153,  fig.  1463, 1464  et  1466. 


Pl.XXVI,fig.105.  ,  «  f-*< 


B'  test^  ovat^>  ventricosa,  albescente  vel  castanea,  albo  et  fulvo  fasciata, 
transversim  striata  ;  spira  brevi  ;  sutura  canaliculata  ;  apertura  alba,  subro- 
tundata  ;  labro  dextro  tenui,  crenulato,  intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  ventricose,  of  a  whitish  or  chestnut  color, 
marked  sometimes  with  deeper  spots  ;  suture  deep  and  canali- 
culated,  the  exterior  edge  of  which  is  slightly  rounded  and 
surrounded  by  a  white  band,  alternated  with  fawn-colored 
blotches.  Spire  scaffolded,  formed  of  six  or  seven  nearly  flat 
whirls  ;  the  lowest,  on  the  contrary,  is  very  convex,  and  larger 
than  all  the  others  united.  Upon  the  surface  of  this  shell,  are 
seen  equal,  raised  striae.  Aperture  white,  sub-rotund,  narrowed 
at  the  upper  part,  dilated  inferiorly  ;  right  lip  thin,  crenulated 
upon  the  edge,  and  marked  interiorly  with  very  prominent 
transverse  striae  ;  columella  arcuated,  covered  by  the  left  lip, 
which  is  obliterated,  flattened  and  corrugated  above  ;  it  forms, 
from  the  middle  to  the  base,  a  thick  and  projecting  callus, 
which  is  terminated  by  a  very  apparent  fold,  and  by  two 
guttules. 

Length  13  lines.     Width  10  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean,  the  coasts  of  Senegal,  and  of 
America. 

This  shell  is  very  remarkable  for  its  globular  form,  and  for 
the  upper  whirls,  which  sink  within  each  other,  with  a  pretty 
distinct  suture.  It  has  some  resemblance  to  the  CASSIS  canali* 
culata  of  Bruguiere. 


GENUS      BUCCINUM, 


86.  BUCCINUM  RETUSUM,  LAM.     The  Blunt  Buccinum, 

itfffcEtfi 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     CHEMN.,  Conch.,  t.  153,  fig.  1465. 
Pi.  XXIV,  fig.  94. 

B.  test&  ovato-abbreviata,  transversim  minutissime  striata,  rufescente 
aut  violacea,  varie  maculata,  albo  fasciata ;  spira  brevi,  turgida,  apice 
retusa;  apertura  alba,  inlerne  dilatata ;  labro  intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  slightly  cylindrical,  blunted  at  its  summit ; 
spire  short,  flattened,  composed  of  five  whirls ;  the  two  last 
much  more  swollen,  and  covered  upon  their  whole  surface  with 
very  fine  and  very  close  transverse  striae ;  suture  very  ap- 
parent, and  a  little  canaliculated  ;  aperture  white,  ovate,  nar- 
rowed at  its  tipper  part,  dilated  inferiorly  ;  right  lip  thin, 
ornamented  interiorly  with  numerous  transverse  striae ;  colu- 
mella  smooth,  arcuated  at  base,  covered  throughout  its  whole 
length  with  the  left  lip,  the  base  of  which  is  a  little  thicker. 
The  surface  of  this  shell  is  reddish  or  violet-colored,  with 
wide,  reddish  spots.  It  is  ornamented  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
whirls,  and  along  the  suture,  with  a  white  band,  alternating 
with  irregular  deeper  spots. 

Length  1 1  lines.     Width  8  lines. 
Inhabits 

This  shell  so  much  resembles  the  preceding  that  we  have 
brought  them  together ;  the  only  difference,  which  can  be  ob- 
served, is  in  the  form  of  the  lowest  whirl  but  one,  which  is  more 
convex,  and  larger ;  it  has  also  finer  and  more  numerous  trans- 
verse striae. 


GENUS      BUCCINU  M .  §5 


87.  BUCCINUM  MUTABILE,  LINN.,  GMEL.     The  Girdled  Buc- 

£^i* 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  Conch.,  t.  975,  fig.  30. 


PL  XXIV,  fig.  93. 

B.  testa  ovato-conica,  Isevi,  nitida,  basi  striata,  waperne  longitudinaliter 
plicata,  fulvo  aut  luteo-nebulosa,  venlricosa  ;  anfractibus  convexis,  prop& 
suturas  fascia  albo  et  rufo  articulata  cinctis;  spira  exsertd,  apice  acuta; 
labro  intus  striato. 

vn  ..*.•»>.  -*,*v&, 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  smooth,  slightly  ventricose  ;  spire  com- 
posed of  seven  whirls,  rounded  and  swollen  at  the  upper  part, 
especially  the  lowest,  which  is  larger  than  all  the  others  unit- 
ed. The  three  upper  whirls  are  finely  plaited  ;  the  lower 
whirl  has  a  few  fine,  transverse  striae  near  the  base.  Aperture 
white  and  ovate,  pretty  strongly  emarginated,  and  oblique  at 
the  base  ;  the  depth  of  the  cavity  chestnut-colored  ;  right  lip 
thin,  white,  very  finely  striated  internally  ;  left  lip  thin,  white 
and  shining,  partially  covering  the  body  of  the  shell.  Colu- 
mella  arcuated,  terminated  at  the  base  by  a  sharp,  and  slightly 
projecting  keel.  The  exterior  of  the  shell  is  red  or  fawn- 
colored,  ornamented  with  an  articulated  band  of  white  and 
violet  upon  the  upper  edge  of  the  whirls,  with  waved  longitu- 
dinal yellow  or  red  spots,  the  tint  of  which  is  sometimes 
very  deep,  and  often  very  pale. 

Length  15  lines.     Width  9  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  the  coasts  of  France,  of  Cor- 
sica, of  Naples,  of  Sicily,  and  the  Adriatic  Sea. 

This  shell,  which  is  very  common,  presents  somewhat  remark- 
able varieties  of  color.  Sometimes  its  ground  is  red  ;  and  white, 
undulated,  very  crowded  flames,  or  brown  and  distant  longitudinal 
lines  ornament  it  from  one  end  to  the  other  ;  at  other  times  it  is 
whitish,  which  happens  when  it  has  been  a  long  time  exposed  to 
the  light  ;  and  in  this  case  transverse  striae  are  perceptible  on  its 
surface  ;  but  the  articulated  band  about  the  suture  always  ap- 


86  GENUS      BUCCINUM. 


pears  in  each  of  these  varieties.     Blainville  (Faune  Frangaise, 
p.  182),  considers  the  BUCCINUM  inflatum  of  Lamarck  as  a  sex- 
,        ual  variety  of  the  BUCCINUM  mutabile.     We  agree  in  opinion 
with  this  naturalist;  there   is   no   difference  between  the  two 

'-shells. 

•  *»*!*%  Vtjfct 


88.  BUCCINUM  RUFULUM,  NOBIS.     The  Reddish  Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     EncycL  Meth.,  pi.  394,  fig.  4,  A-B. 

~*.t~  ./••  <h.#  «-  XXIVj  %  95 

B.  test4  ovata,  ventricosa,lseviuscula,  rufa;  anfractibus  convexis,  ultimo 
superne  basique  striato;  spira  brevi,  apice  obtusiuscula  ;  labro  simplici, 
inferne  repando. 

Shell  ovate,  ventricose,  almost  smooth,  of  an  uniform  red 
color  ;  spire  formed  of  six  or  seven  convex  whirls,  covered 
upon  their  whole  surface  with  very  fine  transverse  striae,  which 
are  not  apparent  upon  the  middle  of  the  lowest  whirl  ;  spire 
rather  short,  slightly  obtuse  at  its  summit  ;  aperture  whitish  ; 
right  lip  thin,  smooth  ;  left  lip  extends  upon  the  body  of  the 
last  whirl  ;  columella  smooth  and  arcuated.  The  tint  of  this 
shell  inclines  a  little  to  a  brick-color. 

Length  1  inch.     Width  8  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Mediterranean  ? 

This  shell  appears  to  me  the  same  as  the  BUCCINUM  mutabile  ; 
but  as  we  find  it  in  collections  only  in  a  sub-fossil  state,  it  is  to 
be  supposed  that  its  colors  have  disappeared  ;  this  sole  difference 
excepted,  we  find  the  same  characters,  and  above  all  the  trans- 
verse striae  upon  many  of  the  specimens  of  this  last  BUCCINUM  ; 
upon  others,  also,  there  are  no  spots,  and  the  reddish  color 
appears  only  more  pale. 

The  Buccinum  which  I  have  just  described,  has  been  called 
ventricosum  by  Lamarck.  Having  already  a  species  of  this 
name  among  the  BUCCINA,  I  have  thought  it  improper  to  retain 
it  for  this  species. 


C  E  N  U  S      B  U  C  C  I  X  U  M  .  §7 


89.  BUCCINUM  PAUPERATUM,  LAM.    The  Meagre  Buccimtm. 

*•    v<^-.  Ai  f  "  to*  /"  I&  J**? 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     GUALTIERI,  pi.  44,  fig.  m. 
Pi.  XXIX,  fig.  us. 

B.  testa  ovatd,  ventricosa,  crassiuscula,  longitudinaliter  undatlm  plicata, 
transverslm  minutissime  striatA,albescente;  ultimo  antractu  spira  longiore, 
macula  rufa  tincto;  labro  intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  ventricose,  spire  formed  of  six  convex  whirls, 
marked  upon  their  surface  with  undulated,  longitudinal  folds, 
and  very  fine,  transverse  striae,  which  form  tubercles  upon  the 
whole  length  of  the  folds ;  these  disappear  upon  the  middle 
of  the  lowest  whirl.  Aperture  white,  sub-rounded  ;  right  lip 
slightly  margined  externally  ;  columella  arcuated,  smooth  ;  left 
lip  thin,  expanding  upon  the  body  of  the  lowest  whirl.  The 
color  is  fawn  or  whitish  ;  a  transverse  band  ornaments  the 
upper  edge  of  the  suture ;  the  lowest  whirl,  which  is  larger 
than  the  spire,  has  a  large  reddish  spot,  which  is  prolonged 
sometimes,  into  a  band ;  rarely,  there  is  another  at  the  base  of 
the  shell. 

Length  8  lines.     Width  5  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  the  Isle  of  Tonga-Tabou. 

Quoy  and  Gaimard  have  figured,  in  their  Voyage  de  V Astro- 
labe, pi.  32,  fig.  5-6,  a  shell  of  this  species,  which  is  a  little  lar- 
ger than  that  which  we  have  just  described,  and  of  an  uniform 
reddish-yellow  color ;  the  longitudinal  folds  are  also  more  prom- 
inent in  their  specimens,  and  are  continued  as  far  as  the  base  of 
the  lowest  whirl.  It  was  found  at  the  last  quoted  locality. 


S  v  c;  E  N  U  S      B  U  C  C  I  N  U  M 


90.    BUCCINUM    MARGINULATUM,    LAM.       The    Margined 

Buccinum. 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     GUALTIERI,  pi.  44,  fig.  n. 
Pi.  XXIX,  fig.  117. 

B.  testa  ovato-acuta,  plicis  tenuibus  longitudinalibus  confertis  striisque 
transversis  decussata,  subgranulosa,  colore  varia  ;  anfractuum  margine 
superiore  crassiusculo,  crenulato  ;  spira  exsertiuscula  ;  labro  inttis  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  slightly  ventricose  ;  spire  pointed,  formed  of 
six  or  seven  whirls,  rounded  upon  their  upper  part,  separated 
by  a  pretty  deep  and  slightly  canaliculated  suture.  The  whole 
surface  is  very  regularly  chequered  by  approximate,  longitu- 
dinal striae,  and  by  other  transverse  striae,  not  less  regular  than 
the  first.  Aperture  white,  callous,  sub-rounded.  Right  lip 
thick,  striated  internally  ;  columella  covered  by  a  wide,  rather 
thick  callosity,  ornamented  lengthwise  with  small,  irregular 
wrinkles.  The  coloring  of  this  shell  is  grayish,  or  of  a  pale, 
uniform  fawn-color,  presenting  upon  the  whirls  one  or  several 
transverse  brown  or  whitish  bands. 

Length  8  lines.     Width  5  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  the  coasts  of  Naples,  of  Bar- 
bary,  and  the  Seas  of  Sun  da. 

Young  specimens  of  this  shell  were  brought  from  the  last 
locality  by  Bell  anger,  who  has  given  a  figure  of  it,  in  his 
account  of  his  voyage  to  the  East  Indies,  pi.  3,  fig.  6  et  7. 
Deshayes  has  given  it  the  name  of  BUCCINUM  conoidale.  See 
also  our  pi.  27,  fig.  109.  This  shell  differs  from  the  adult  only 
in  the  right  lip  which  is  thinner,  and  in  the  callosity,  which  is 
less  prominent. 


GENUS      BUCCINUM. 


89 


91.   BUCCINUM  POL.YGONATUM,  LAM.      The  Polygon  Buc- 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     Voy.  de  I'Astr.,  pi.  32,  fig.  28-29,  var. 
Pi.  XXIX,  fig.  119. 

B.  testA  ovato-conica,  longitudinaliter  costata,  transversim  rainutissim^ 
striata,  olivacea,  costis  prorainentibus  ;  spira  obtusiuscula  ;  apertuia  rotun- 
dat£  ;  labro  extus  marginato,  intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  spire  composed  of  six  or  seven  indis- 
tinct whirls,  sub-convex,  plaited  throughout  their  whole  length, 
crossed  by  fine  and  very  close  transverse  striae  ;  those  of  the 
base  more  prominent  ;  the  longitudinal  folds  disappear  insen- 
sibly upon  the  right  side  of  the  lowest  whirl,  at  the  upper 
part  of  which  we  find  merely  nodosities  ;  aperture  rounded, 
whitish  ;  the  cavity  of  a  brown  color,  and  marked  by  trans- 
verse bands  ;  right  lip  bordered  externally,  and  ornamented 
internally,  with  small,  fine  striae  ;  columella  arcuated,  covered 
with  a  pretty  wide  callosity,  brown  at  its  upper  part,  and 
white  towards  the  base,  which  is  adorned  with  small  guttules. 
The  coloring  is  olive,  with  a  white  or  yellowish  band.  Upon 
the  top  of  the  lowest  whirl,  the  folds  and  the  tubercles  are 
sometimes  whitish. 

Length  9  lines.     Width  5  lines. 

Inhabits  the  coasts  of  Brazil,  and  those  of  New  Holland,  at 
Port  Jackson. 

Quoy  and  Gaimard  have  given,  in  the  Atlas  to  their  Voyage, 
p.  3^,.fig^,?8  .<md  29,  a  variety  of  this  species,  which  we  have  ^ 
also  refJre-sfeirtfed  ftrb&r  plate  27,  fig.  107.  This  last  differs  only 
from  the  one  we  have  just  described,  by  the  absence  of  folds 
upon  the  lowest  whirl,  and  the  indistinctness  of  the  callosity. 
This  variety  comes  from  Port  Jackson. 


,  jL,£y*  ,*•+?>  *  :-  f^li 

^*  fF**~   O.'/i*^ 


QQ  GENUS      BUCCINUM. 


f       92.  BUCCINUM  MURICATUM,  QUOY    et   GAIM.     The   Spinous 

Bucdnum.  ^^^fi^./t  ,/<??t^ 
(Collect.  MASS.)     Voy.  de  FAstr.,  pi.  32,  fig.  32-33. 
PI.  xxvn,  fig.  no. 

B.  testa  parva,  ovato-globosa,  lutea,  apice  acuta,  longitudinaliter  plicata, 
transversim  echinata;  apertura  alba  ;  labro  dextro  crasso,  intus  striato. 

Shell  small,  ovate,  subglobular,  spined,  spire  conical  and 
pointed,  composed  of  six  or  seven  whirls ;  the  lowest  much 
larger  than  all  the  others  ;  presenting  on  its  exterior  longitu- 
dinal folds,  upon  which  are  regularly  disposed  pointed,  conical 
tubercles,  which  are  of  the  same  color  as  the  rest  of  the  shell. 
The  first  row  of  these  spines  is  situated  immediately  beneath 
the  suture  ;  the  last  one  obliquely  intersects  the  base  of  the 
shell.  Transverse  striae,  pretty  fine  and  numerous,  are  observ- 
ed between  each  of  the  rows  of  the  spines.  Aperture  white, 
semilunar.  Right  lip  thick,  furnished  internally  with  fine 
striae  ;  columella  nearly  straight,  covered  by  the  left  lip  which 
forms  a  callosity.  The  color  is  uniform,  of  a  white  fawn, 
sometimes  pale  orange. 

Length  7  lines.     Width  4  lines. 

Inhabits  Cartaret  Harbor  at  New  Ireland. 

This  little  shell,  which  is  quite  rare,  in  many  respects  resem- 
bles the  BUCCINUM  subspinosum ;  only  it  is  a  little  more  elon- 
gated, and  the  spires  are  more  numerous.  These  two  species 
have  the  aspect  of  some  RICINUL^E. 

v        93.   BUCCINUM   SUBSPINOSUM,  LAM.     The  Sub-spinous  But- 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.) 
Pi.  XXVI,  fig.  103. 

B.  testa  parva,  ovato-conica,  longitudinaliter  plicato-tuberculata,  trans- 
versim striata,  griseo-fuscescente  ;  tuberculis  acutis,  subspinosis ;  apertura 
rotundata ;  labro  inttis  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  conical,  spire  composed  of  six  slightly  convex 


GENUS      BUCCINUM. 


91 


whirls,  somewhat  flattened  at  their  upper  part,  ornamented 
with  longitudinal,  spinous  folds  ;  the  lowest  whirl  supports  two 
or  three  rows  of  spinous,  distant  tubercles;  besides,  the  whole 
shell  is  crossed  by  pretty  fine,  transverse  striae,  more  apparent 
towards  the  base.  Aperture  sub-rounded  ;  right  lip  margined 
externally,  and  striated  internally.  The  color  of  this  shell  is 
grayish,  with  irregular  transverse  bands  of  a  slate  or  violet 
color.  The  tubercles  are  sometimes  white,  arid  oftentimes 
brown  lines  cross  them. 

Length  7  lines.     Width  4  lines. 
Inhabits 


This  species  is  easily  known  by  the  rows  of  tubercles  which 
cover  almost  its  whole  surface. 


1      94.  BUCCINUM  ARCULARIA,  LINN.,GMEL.     The  Casket  Buc- 

cinum.  ^  /-* »      ft  ?  q 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  Conch.,  p.  970,  fig.  24 


B.  testa  ovata,  ventricosa,  crassa,  cinereo-ccerulescente,  albo  aut  fusco 
fasciata;  ultimo  anfractu  turgido,  tuberculis  coronato;  anfractibus  spirse 
longitudinaliter  grosseque  plicatis ;  labro  intus  striato;  columelia  arcuata, 
callosa. 

Shell  ovate,  ventricose,  pretty  thick,  composed  of  six  or 
seven  flattened  whirls,  angular  above,  and  the  lowest  of  which 
forms  of  itself  half  the  shell;  this  whirl  is  very  much  inflated, 
and  furnished  externally  with  thick,  longitudinal,  distant  folds, 
which  are  intersected  by  transverse  striae ;  the  upper  extremity 
of  each  fold  is  terminated  by  a  conical  tubercle,  sometimes 
separated  from  it  by  a  transverse  stria  which  divides  it  super- 
ficially into  two.  The  upper  whirls  are  convex,  loaded  also 
with  compact  folds  and  transverse  striae ;  but  in  these  the 
tubercles  are  slightly  perceptible,  and  upon  some  specimens 
not  at  all.  Aperture  ovate,  white,  terminated  at  the  summit 


92  GENUS      BUCCINUM. 

by  an  excavated  notch  at  the  top  of  the  right  lip,  and  by  a  fold 
of  the  left  lip.  The  depth  of  the  cavity  is  brown  or  of  a 
violet-color,  marked  with  transverse,  whitish  bands.  Right 
lip  thin  upon  the  edge,  denticulated  in  a  part  of  its  length, 
deeply  striated  internally  ;  columella  arcuated,  covered  by  the 
left  lip,  which  is  enlarged  upon  the  body  of  the  shell,  and 
forms  a  semicircular  callosity,  often  thick,  polished,  marked  at 
the  lower  part  by  transverse  guttules,  and  terminated  by  an 
oblique  keel,  which  is  prolonged  to  a  point.  The  color  of 
this  shell  is  generally  ash,  externally  ;  but  sometimes  it  is 
bluish,  ornamented  with  one  or  several  transverse,  white  or 
brown  bands ;  another  brown  band  extends  always  between 
the  tubercles  of  the  lowest  whirl.  Operculum  is  oval  and 
rounded,  membranous  and  denticulated  upon  one  of  its  edges. 

Length  15  lines.     Width  9  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean  and  the  Moluccas. 

This  shell,  which  is  very  common,  often  varies  in  its  form  : 
the  whirls  are  more  or  less  elongated,  the  longitudinal  folds  and 
the  transverse  striae,  sometimes  completely  disappear  upon  the 
lowest  whirl,  nevertheless,  tubercles  remain  which  cover  this 
shell,  and  the  furrows  at  the  base,  which  are  very  well  marked. 
The  coloring  varies  equally,  some  specimens  are  entirely  white ; 
others,  of  an  uniform  reddish  or  chestnut  color.  The  young  of 
this  species  have  folds  and  striae  much  more  prominent ;  in  them 
the  lip  is  thin,  smooth,  and  the  callosity  does  not  exist  upon  the 
columella. 

I  shall  here  quote  an  observation  of  Q,uoy  and  Gaimard,  upon 
the  animals  of  the  division  of  the  NASS.E,  to  which  this  shell 
belongs.  "  These  animals,"  say  these  writers,  "  choose  marine 
plants,  where  they  seem  to  search  for  the  small  animals  which 
are  found  there  :  they  are  very  active,  always  in  motion,  easily 
raising  themselves  by  the  aid  of  their  foot,  when  they  are  in- 
verted ;  not  seeking  for  deep  water,  but,  nevertheless,  rarely 
creeping  to  the  open  air. 


GENUS      B  U  C C I N  U  M . 


95.  BUCCINUM  PUL.L.US,  LINN  ,  GMEL,     The  Russet  Buccinum. 

..\  o^.to.  ^  4- 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     GUALTIERI,  Test.,  pi.  44,  fig.  R. 

PL  XXVIII,  fig.  114. 

B.  testa  ovato-acuta,  ventricosa,  plicis  longitudinalibus  tenuibus  striisque 
transversis  decussata,  cinereo-ccerulescente  ;  anfractibussuperne  angulatis; 
apertura  subrotundata  ;  labro  intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  ventricose  ;  spire  pointed,  composed  of  six  or 
seven  whirls  slightly  angular  at  their  upper  part,  loaded  with 
very  convex  longitudinal  folds  near  the  suture  ;  these  folds 
are  less  prominent,  and  more  flattened  upon  the  right  lip  of 
the  lowest  whirl.  It  is  intersected  by  numerous  transverse 
striae ;  the  upper  extremity  of  the  fold  is  sometimes  separated 
by  a  stria  which  divides  them  superficially.  Aperture  ovate, 
white,  terminated  above  by  an  emargination  of  the  right  lip, 
and  by  a  transverse  ridge  of  the  left  lip.  Right  lip  thin, 
slightly  denticulated  at  the  base,  furnished  with  numerous 
striae  internally  ;  columella  arcuated,  covered  by  the  left  lip, 
which  conceals,  by  its  expansion,  a  part  of  the  body  of  the 
shell,  and  forms  a  large,  white,  and  polished  callosity.  The 
color  of  this  shell  is  whitish,  ash  or  bluish,  sometimes  without 
spots  or  bands,  at  other  times  with  two  or  three  deeper  bands 
which  surround  the  whirls. 

Length  1  inch.     Width  8  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean. 

I  think  this  shell  is  a  variety  of  the  BUCCINUM  arcularia* 
Gualtieri  has  already  made  this  union  with  reason,  because  it 
does  not  differ  enough  from  the  last  to  be  a  different  species. 
The  folds  and  the  striae  cannot  be  considered  as  constant  char- 
acters, and  belong  generally  to  young  specimens ;  and  this  BUC- 
CINUM differs  only  from  the  one  we  have  just  described,  in  the 
whirls  being  much  less  flattened. 


kU,-z&r  /.  i         -  «*~ 

,     -/- >f. a  ', /•  f.  <'« . 


94  GENUSBUCCINUM. 

96.  BUCCINUM  CORONATUM,  BRUG.     The  Crowned  Bucdnum. 
(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     GUALTIERI,  jpl.  44,  fig.  C-D. 


PI.  XXVI11,  fig.  112.         "  »  " 

B.  testa  ovato-acuta,  crassiuscula,  dorso  laevigata ;  basi  striata,  cinereo- 
ccerulescente,  obscure  zonata  ;  anfractibus  prope  suturas  tuberculatis ;  labro 
postice  denticulis  muricato,  intus  striato. 

Shell  ovate,  inflated,  smooth,  polished,  of  a  variable  color, 
bluish  ash,  reddish  or  brown,  covered  with  narrow,  white, 
longitudinal  lines,  irregularly  spread  over  it ;  a  deeper  zone 
surrounds  the  suture,  and  two  or  three  others  are  found  upon 
the  lowest  whirl ,  that  of  the  middle  much  more  marked,  and 
sometimes  the  only  one ;  spire  composed  of  six  convex  whirls, 
slightly  flattened  at  their  upper  part,  and  crowned  by  a  row  of 
rounded  tubercles ;  the  three  or  four  upper  whirls  are  folded 
longitudinally,  and  intersected  by  transverse  striae.  Aperture 
ovate,  notched  at  the  top  of  the  right  lip,  with  a  ridge  upon 
the  left.  The  depth  of  the  cavity  is  brown,  and  marked  with 
a  whitish  band.  Right  lip  thin  upon  the  edge,  crowned 
throughout  its  whole  length  with  small,  short,  and  pointed 
denticulations,  furnished  internally  with  numerous  transverse 
striae ;  columella  arcuated,  covered  by  the  left  lip  which  ex- 
tends upon  the  body  of  the  lowest  whirl  in  a  white,  rather 
thick  callosity,  loaded  towards  the  base  with  some  slightly 
apparent  guttules,  and  terminated  by  small  spinous  points. 

Length  14  lines.     Width  7  lines. 

Inhabits  the  seas  of  Madagascar,  and  Port  Dorey,  at  New 
Guinea. 

This  shell  has  some  analogy  with  the  preceding ;  but  several 
differences  distinguish  it :  it  is  more  elongated  ;  the  last  two  or 
three  whirls  are  smooth,  and  ornamented  only  around  the  suture, 
by  tubercles  oftentimes  rounded  ;  finally,  the  callosity  upon  the 
body  of  the  lowest  whirl  is  much  less  prominent. 


GENUSBUCCINUM.  95 

97.  BUCCINUM  THERSITES,  BRUG.     The  Thersites  Buccinum. 

(Collect.  MASS/LAM.)     LisT.^ncli.ft.  971,  fig.  26. 

Pi.  XXVIII,  %  113. 

B.  testA  ovata,  crassiuscula,dorso  vald6  gibba,  longitudinaliter  partlmque 
plicata,  basi  striata,  olivacea  vel  pallid^  coerulescente,  albo  aut  fusco  fasciata ; 
gibbo,  Isevi,  maculate;  labro  crasso,  intus  dentato. 

Shell  ovate,  thick,  slightly  triangular,  gibbous  upon  the 
back,  attenuated  towards  the  extremities ;  that  of  the  spire  is 
more  pointed  ;  it  is  composed  of  seven  whirls,  the  upper  six  of 
which  are  little  convex,  with  very  compact  longitudinal  folds  ; 
that  of  the  aperture  generally  has  folds  only  upon  the  side  of 
the  left  lip.  The  opposite  surface  is  smooth  ;  the  base  of  the 
lowest  whirl  is  crossed  by  transverse  striae.  Aperture  white, 
subquadrate,  longer  than  wide.  The  depth  of  the  cavity  is 
brown.  Right  lip  thick,  raised  outwardly  in  the  form  of  a 
collar,  and  furnished  internally  with  transverse  striae.  Left  lip 
is  blended  with  the  right  in  a  thick  callosity  which  covers  the 
first  two  or  three  whirls  ;  upon  the  side  of  the  aperture  this 
callosity  is  ovate,  polished,  white,  edged  with  reddish.  The 
color  is  olive  or  bluish,  marked  upon  the  middle  of  the  lowest 
whirl,  with  a  transverse  white  or  brown  band,  the  edge  of 
which  is  of  a  deeper  color. 

Length  10  lines.     Width  6  lines. 

Inhabits  the  seas  of  the  Asiatic  Ocean,  and  the  Tsles  of 
Vanikoro  and  of  Bourou. 

Young  specimens  of  this  species  have  the  longitudinal  folds 
of  the  lowest  whirl  more  prominent ;  the  swelling  of  the  back 
does  not  exist  upon  these  young  shells ;  the  lip  is  thin,  and  the 
columella  without  callosity. 


96 


GENUS     BUCCINUM. 


98.    BUCCINUM   GRANIFERUM,    NOBIS.      The    Grain-bearing 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  pi.  972,  fig.  27. 

PI.  XXVII,  fig.  111. 

B.  testa  parva,  ovata,  crassa,  globulosa,  albo-cinerea,  basi  transversim 
striata,  ordinatim  tuberculata  ;  spira  conica,  acuta  ;  apertura  ovata,  angusta, 
alba  ;  labro  dextro  crasso,  inttis  striato. 

Shell  rather  small,  ovate,  thick,  globular,  of  an  ash-white  ; 
spire  conical,  pointed,  composed  of  six  whirls,  the  lowest 
much  larger  than  all  the  others  ;  this  whirl  presents  on  its 
surface  conical,  distant  tubercles,  disposed  in  four  series  ;  a 
few  transverse  striae  ornament  the  base.  The  upper  whirls 
have  only  a  single  row  of  tubercles.  Aperture  ovate,  narrow, 
emarginated  at  the  upper  part,  at  its  union  with  the  right  lip, 
which  is  thick,  striated  internally.  Columella  arcuated,  cover- 
ing the  left  lip,  which  is  expanded  into  a  white,  thick  cal- 
losity, covering  the  whole  lower  surface,  and  a  portion  of  the 
upper  whirls. 

Length  7  lines.     Width  5  lines. 
Inhabits  the  East  Indies. 

The  uniform  color  of  this  little  shell,  and  its  callosity,  easily 
distinguish  it. 

•^r 
fl  ^9.  BUCCINUM  CL.ATHRATUM,  NOBIS.    The  Latticed  Buccinum. 

t  -^v  ,  JLJM£,  %«*+  r  19,  (Ifl&Jirt 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     Voy.  deVAstr.,  pi.  32,  fig.  25-26. 

PI.  XXVII,  fig.  108. 

B.  test&  parvula,  subglobosa,  longitudinaliter  plicata,  transversim  striata, 
granulosa,  fusco-rubente,  ad  medium  ultimi  anfractAs  fasciata  ;  spira  brevis- 
sima,  acuta  ;  labro  albo,  intus  striato. 

Shell  small,  ovate,  thick,  slightly  gibbous;  spire  short, 
pointed,  composed  of  six  slightly  convex  whirls,  covered  with 


GENUSBUCCINUM.  97 

longitudinal  folds  and  very  approximate  transverse  striae,  which 
form  flattened  granulations  ;  the  lowest  of  these  whirls  is  very 
large.  Aperture  ovate,  emarginated  at  the  upper  part,  at  its 
union  with  the  right  lip,  which  is  rather  thin,  and  striated 
internally  ;  columella  arcuated,  covered  by  the  left  lip,  which 
is  enlarged  into  a  whitish,  wide,  and  thick  callosity,  upon  the 
body  of  the  lowest  whirl.  The  color  of  this  shell  is  of  a 
reddish  brown,  with  one  or  two  transverse  bands  upon  the 
middle  of  the  lowest  whirl. 

Length  7  lines.     Width  5  lines. 

Inhabits  the  China  Seas,  the  coasts  of  New  Ireland,  and  of 
Vanikoro. 

This  little  shell  has  been  described  by  Quoy  and  Gaimard, 
and  figured  in  their  Voyage  de  V  Astrolabe,  pi.  32,  fig.  25  and 
26,  under  the  name  of  BUCCINUM  globulosum.  Having  already 
a  BUCCINUM  thus  named,  we  have  given  to  this  the  name  of 
dathratum.  Some  specimens  of  this  little  shell  are  larger  and 
more  elongated  ;  the  gibbosity,  nevertheless,  exists,  and  the 
callosity  is  reddish,  edged  with  a  chestnut-epkyred  band. 

.  100.  BUCCINUM   GIBBOSULUM,  LINN.,   GMEL.     The   Gibbous 
SHYM«*4j          Buccinum.  fi  4  f 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  Conch.,  t.  973,  fig.  28. 


PI.  xxvm,  %.  He.   <* 

B.  test^L  ovata,  crassa,  dorso  gibba,  Isevi,  cinereft  autolivace&  ;  spira  brevi, 
acuta  ;  marginibus  oppositis  anterius  usque  ad  spiram  decurrentibus. 

Shell  thick,  smooth,  ovate,  somewhat  gibbous  upon  the 
back  of  the  lowest  whirl,  flattened  and  widened  upon  the 
sides  ;  spire  short,  acute,  formed  of  five  or  six  whirls  ; 
aperture  ovate,  smooth  and  white  ;  the  interior  of  the  cavity 
brown  ;  right  lip  margined  without,  smooth  within,  joining 
towards  the  top  a  large  polished  callosity,  by  which  the  colu- 
mella and  inferior  surface  of  the  whirls  are  entirely  covered. 
Buccinum.  G 


98  GEN  US      BUCCINUM. 

The  color  is  olive  or  of  a  brown  fawn-color  and  ash,  sprinkled 
with  spots  or  clearer  undulated  lines ;  sometimes  one  or  two 
transverse  brown  bands  surround  the  lowest  whirl.  The  edge 
of  the  callosity  is  always  of  a  more  or  less  deep  orange  color. 

Length  8  lines.     Width  6  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  upon  the  shores  of  Corsica,  and 
the  Asiatic  seas. 

This  shell  varies  in  its  form,  which  is  more  or  less  rounded, 
and  in  its  coloring,  which  is  often  uniform,  although  those  are 
found  from  the  Mediterranean,  which  are  of  an  ash-gray  color ; 
at  other  times  deeper,  and  marked  with  numerous  spots,  such 
as  in  shells  brought  from  the  Indian  Ocean.  It  is  very  common, 
but  in  collections  is  almost  always  found  discolored,  and  en- 
tirely white.  The  EIONE  gibbosula  of  Risso,  Europe  merid., 
p.  171,  No.  438,  fig.  50,  is  the  same  as  the  BUCCINUM  gib- 
bosulum. 


101.  BUCCINUM  NERITEUM,  LINN.,  GMEL.     The  JVerita-formed 

Buccinum.     ^/^    f,  /,  ? 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     PETIVER,  Amb.,  pi.  11,  fig.  6. 

PI.  XXIX,  fig.  120.  ^  •  &  ft** 

B.  testa  semi-orbiculari,convexo-depressa,  Ifflvi,  albido-fulva ;  ultimo  an- 
fractu  ad  peripheriam  subangulato ;  spira  retusissima ;  labro  dextro  leevi; 
aperture!  ovata,  rufescente. 

Shell  hemispherical,  smooth,  depressed,  convex  above,  flat- 
tened beneath  ;  spire  blunt,  formed  of  four  indistinct  whirls,  en- 
tirely smooth  ;  aperture  ovate,  reddish,  rather  small,  obliquely 
emarginated ;  right  lip  smooth,  slightly  margined ;  columella 
arcuated  towards  the  middle,  furnished  with  a  wide,  reddish, 
and  almost  circular  callosity,  which  extends  upon  the  body  of 
the  lowest  whirl.  The  coloring  is  slightly  variable,  it  is  gen- 
erally of  a  yellowish  or  reddish  white,  with  brown  lines,  and 
two  decurrent,  interrupted,  or  articulated  bands,  one  of  which 


G  E  N  U  S      B  U  C  C  1  N  U  AI  .  99 

surrounds  the  suture,  and  the  other  only  borders  the  circum- 
ference.    Epidermis  thick  and  brown. 

Length  6  lines.     Width  4J-  lines. 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  upon  the  coasts  of  France,  of 
Corsica,  and  of  Sicily  ;  the  Adriatic,  and  the  Ocean,  towards 
the  gulf  of  Gascony. 

Risso,  in  his  work  on  the  South  of  Europe,  has  described  two 
specimens  of  this  species  under  the  names  of  CYCLOPE  Dono- 
viana  and  CYCLOPE  pellucidus,  p.  271,  No.  718  and  719.  These 
appear  to  be  only  worn  and  discolored  specimens. 


The  principle  too  often  followed  for  the  establishment  of 
groups  among  shells,  has  given  rise  to  many  errors;  these 
groups,  arranged  by  an  examination  of  the  superficial  charac- 
ters of  shells,  comprise  a  great  number  of  dissimilar  species,  be- 
longing even  to  other  genera ;  and  species  are  rejected  as  dis- 
tinct, which  ought  to  be  united.  These  characters,  such  as  the 
color,  the  folds,  the  striae,  the  whirls,  run  into  each  other  in  a 
manner  so  insensible,  or  differ  so  completely,  that  it  is  impossi- 
ble by  them  to  point  out 'the  limits  between  species. 

Thus,  in  the  genus  BUCCINUM,  which  we  have  just  been  de- 
scribing, we  see  numerous  specimens,  obviously  varying  in  the 
longitudinal  folds,  tubercles,  and  transverse  stria?,  which  are 
found  upon  their  surface  ;  in  some,  these  folds,  at  first  very  prom- 
inent, disappear,  and  sometimes  leave  tubercles  which  shew  the 
vestige  of  them  ;  in  others  the  striae  are  less  distinguished. 
Sometimes  the  whirls  are  strongly  canaliculated,  whilst  upon 
other  shells  of  the  same  species,  the  suture  is  scarcely  apparent. 

These  variations  depend  upon  differences  of  sex,  of  age,  or  of 
locality.  But  the  same  species  invariably  presents  two  charac- 
ters which  are  constant,  or  at  least  subject  to  less  variation,  that 
of  the  general  form,  and  the  aperture  of  the  shell,  which,  I  think, 


100  GENUS      BUCCINUM. 

are  the  only  sure  guides,  for  the  formation  of  groups,  and  their 
natural  approximation.  This  is  the  principle  which  I  have 
adopted,  as  establishing  with  most  precision,  those  of  the  genus 
I  have  just  described.  I  have  pointed  out  in  my  table  by  a 
bracket,  the  species,  which  I  think  ought  to  be  united,  and 
form  only  varieties. 


NOTE.  The  following  American  species,  not  found  in  Kiener,  together 
with  the  volumes  in  which  they  have  been  described,  are  here  mentioned, 
for  the  convenience  of  our  Conchologists. 

Buccinum  ornatum,  Say.  Described  in  Journal  of  the  Academy  of  Na- 
tural Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  vol.  2,  p.  229. 

Nassa  vibex,  Say.  J.  A.  N.  S.,  vol.  2,  p.  231,  and  American  Conch., 
No.  6,  pi.  57,  fig.  2. 

JV.  trivittata,  Say.     J.  A.  N.  S.,  vol.  2,  p.  231 . 

JV.  acuta,  Say.  J.  A.  N.  S.,  vol.  2,  p.  234,  and  American  Conch.,  No. 
VI,  pi.  57,  fig.  3. 

JV.  unicincta,  Say.  J.  A.  N.  S.,  vol.  5,  p.  212,  and  American  Conch., 
No.  VI,  pi.  57,  fig.  1. 

JV.  alba,  Say.     J.  A.  N.  S.,  vol.  5,  212. 

JV.  lunata,  Say.    J.  A.  N.  S.,  vol.  5,  213. 


GENUS      B  U  C  C  I  N  U  M 


101 


DIVISION  OF  THE  BUCCINUM  INTO  TWO  TRIBES  AND  NINE 
GROUPS. 

FIRST       TRIBE . 

SPECIES  GENERALLY  VENTRICOSE,  SPIRE  ELONGATED  ;  APERTURE 
OVATE,  STRONGLY  EMARGINATED  AT  THE  BASE  ;  OPERCULUM 
HORNY,  UNGUIFORM,  WITH  CONCENTRIC  ELEMENTS,  SUMMIT 
MARGINAL. 


True  Buccina. 


! 

•- 


:s 


/^ 


B.  undatum,  Lin.,  Gmel. 

—  ventricosum,  Nobis. 

—  glaciale,  Linn.,  Gmel. 

—  Lamarckii,  Nobis. 

—  fusiforme,  Nobis. 

—  Anglicanum,  Martini. 

—  fuscatum,  Brug. 

—  papyraceum,  Brug. 

—  ligatum,  Lam. 

—  testudineum,  Chemn. 

—  lineolatum,  Quoy  et  Gaimard. 

—  globulosum,  Nobis. 

—  Iffivissimum,  Gmel. 

—  violaceum,  Quoy  et  Gaim. 

—  Delalandii,  Nobis. 

—  viverratum,  Nobis. 

—  tigrinum,  Nobis. 

—  alveolatum,  Nobis. 

—  costatum,  Quoy  et  Gaim. 

—  Quoyii,  Nobis. 

—  Paytense,  Val. 

—  cochlidium,  Chemn. 

—  moniliferum,  Val. 

—  callosum,  Wood. 

—  annulatum,  Lam. 


The  waved  Buccinum. 

—  ventricose 

—  northern 
Lamarck's 

The  spindle-shaped 

—  English 

—  dusky 

—  paper 

—  bound 

—  tortoise-shell 

—  lineated 

—  globular 

—  smooth 

—  violet 
Delalande's 
The  civet 

—  tiger 

—  chequered 

—  ribbed 
Quoy's 
The  Payta 

—  stair-case 

—  collared 

—  callous 

—  ringed 


K^ 


102 


GENUS      BUCCINUM 


SPECIES    VERY    ELONGATE,  WHIRLS    SLIGHTLY  CONVEX. 

Turreted  Buccina. 

\  &  B.  serratum,  Dufresne.  The  serrated  Buccinum. 

—  achatinum,  Lam.  —  agate 

—  politum,  Lara.  —   polished 

1  ^        —  vittatum,  Linn.,  Gmel.  —  granulated 

—  Bellangeri,  Nobis.  Bellanger's 

—  aciculatum,  Lam.  The  needle-shaped 
1  y         —  senticosum,  Linn.  —  file 

SPECIES    OVATE,    SLIGHTLY    ELONGATE  ;    APERTURE    SOMEWHAT 
CANALICULATED    AT    THE    BASE. 

Triton-formed  Buccina. 

B.  Tranquebaricum,  Gmel.  The  Tranquebar  Buccinum. 

—  Coromandelianum.  Lam.  —   Coromandel 
^ — undosum,  (fruegfr'at  Grrim.-i'u                —   undulated 

J  —  D'Orbignyi,  Payr.  D'Orbigny's 

.  C  —  discolor,  Quoy  et  Gaim.  The  discolored 

SPECIES  OVATE,  SPIRE  SHORT ]  APERTURE  ELONGATED. 

Harp-formed  Buccina. 

B.  lyratum,  Lam.  The  lyre-shaped  Buccinum. 

SPECIES  WITH  THE  RIGHT  LIP  SOMETIMES  SWOLLEN    INTERNALLY. 

Columbella-formed  Buccina. 

B.  distortum,  Wood.  The  distorted  Buccinum. 

—  flexuosum,  Lam.  —   flexuous 

—  cribrarium,  Lam.  —   sieve 

—  semi-convexum,  Lam.  —  semi-convex 

—  Gervillii,  Payr.  Gerville's 

—  corniculatum,  Lam.  The  horn-like 

4#,     — clausiliforme,  Nobis.  —  clausilia-shaped 

//  tf .     —  aurantium,  Lam.  —   orange 

—  pulchellum,  Blainv.  —   pretty 
•    — lacteum,  Nobis.  —  milky 

—  dermestofdeum,  Lam.  —   dermestoid 

—  granum,  Lam.  —  grain 

—  leevrigatum,  Linn.,  Gmel.  —  variegated 


GENUS      BUCCINUM. 


103 


SECOND       TRIBE. 


SPECIES    WITH  THE    APERTURE  SUBROTUND,  OPERCULUM  DENTICU- 
LATED   UPON    ONE    OF    ITS    EDGES. 


.1 


Nassa-formed  Buccina. 


^ 


B.  glans,  Linn.,  Gmel. 

—  suturale,  Lam. 

—  elegans,  Nobis. 

—  sepimentum,  Rang. 

—  papillosum,  Linn. 

—  canaliculatum,  Lam. 

—  unicolorum,  Nobis. 

—  olivaceum,  Brug. 

—  crenulatum,  Brug. 

—  fasciatum,  Lam. 

—  reticulatum,  Linn.,  Gmel. 

—  hirtum,  Nobis. 

—  Jacksonianum,  Nobis. 

—  monile,  Nobis. 

—  Gualterianum,  Nobis. 

—  Blainvillii,  Desh. 

—  oliviformis,  Nobis. 

—  Brasilianum,  Lam. 

—  Gayii,  Nobis. 

—  pediculare,  Lam. 

—  sulcatum,  Nobis. 

—  punctatum,  Nobis. 

—  fasciolatum,  Lam. 

—  unifasciatum,  Nobis. 

—  Cuvierii,  Payr. 


The  shining  Buccinum, 

—  sutured 

—  elegant 

—  partitioned 

—  tuberculated 

—  channeled 

—  single-colored 

—  olive-colored 

—  crenated 

—  banded 

—  reticulated 

—  rough 

—  Port  Jackson 

—  necklace 
Gualtieri's 
Blainville's 

The  olive-formed 

—  Brazil 
Gay's 

The  pedicular 

—  furrowed 

—  dotted 

—  belted 

—  one-banded 
Cuvier's 


SPECIES    SUBTURRETED  J    THE    WHIRLS    VERY    CONVEX. 


Scalaria-formed  Nassce. 


B. 

- 
^,  ?f  — 

>&dc  — 
\  — 


scalariforme,  Val. 
Roissyi,  Desh. 
ornatum,  Nobis. 
Ascanias,  Brug. 
coccinella,  Lam. 
miga,  Adanson. 
ambiguum,  Montagu. 


The  stair-formed  Buccinum. 
De  Roissy's 
The  ornamented 
Ascanias 
The  lady-bug 

—  miga 

—  ambiguous 


104 


GENUS      BUCCINUM. 


SPECIES  WITH  THE  APERTURE   ROUNDED,  AND  A  VERY  PROMINENT 
CALLOSITY. 

Cassis-formed  Nassa. 

B.  gemmulatum,  Lam.  The  pearled  Buccinum. 

—  abbreviatum,  Wood.  —  tun 

—  retusum,  Lam.  —  blunt 

—  mutabile,  Linn.,  Gmel.  —  girdled 

—  ruf  ulum,  Nobis.  —  reddish 

—  pauperatum,  Lam.  —   meagre 

—  marginulatum,  Lam.  —   margined 

—  polygonatum,  Lam.  —   polygon 

—  muricatum,  Quoy  et  Gaim.  —    spinous 

—  subspinosum,  Lam.  —  subspinous 

—  arcularia.  Linn.,  Gmel.  —  casket 

—  pullus,  Linn.,  Gmel.  —  russet 

—  coronatum,  Brug.  —  crowned 

—  Thersites,  Brug.  -  Thersites 

—  graniferum,  Nobis.  —  grain-bearing 

—  clathratum,  Nobis.  —  latticed 

—  gibbosulum,  Linn.,  Gmel.  —  gibbous 

ANOMALOUS    SPECIES,    SEMI-ORBICULAR,    DEPRESSED. 

Cyclops-formed  Nassce. 
B.  neritotdeum,  Linn.,  Gmel.  The  nerita-formed  Buccinum. 


f*S6U4          hin  Jtx  (*** 


tV       Sit'-       f'f  !<     f  >      } 


,,.»•    ,1      /..,-  ,    .-./.,/,; 

i  "<>    f<  (  ri'  v  >/      //'«  •  '  ' 


llf  \        (i  .,1('<'t    '    ulClfllttl      C\'«f'<    .     <•<>(        /<tfJ/<«      i_  <./<•<  <tt  1  /vt  /*     ' 

/  '  /  /  // '       '     / '    , 

(Aftfiti        CtRAfl*  .       i!<(t  <  *  '  r <•&•'•<•    •      -vi(K"6A     V 

L:  / 
(       '  ,-  >       ;  '.    .,r(.    , .(    , 

* 


^/ 


'  / 


0/<^  '  '  «d<.i*.'i(  /'    t       (ijt'tln  /     tAA4*A      f?i*«.Tr()J(J/    tn(l<i  <i  - 
/  '    t  '    A  /"  f        *      L  t' 

<-(<<.*cc(t«f«  <    MMOU  o&uloL     ]«<<((«     ''<<ft<  nifo 
i  ' 


c^/C    //''<  .        21^ 


-      .  - 


/  .  /          /  ,  ,  ' 

r't          y<;:^        t«/r6..        5      ^  '  '  ,'/<  "f  "«  ^'     ' 
'        / 

A    e/i 


<  ,  . 


?/.      IfaJL 


a    t^  .'/       Ov^JU 

/ 

^fo.'!       feU    f<l''.i"     ,'     /W-<  ,    U/^,-; 


«    i     "<  (< 


M 


fn  '.>'„••         ;f<j^ 

/" 

n  •n'Kf.ft'j!    t<  i  '<  -. 


.n. 


i     , 


'u*<il(U  ,    tn.  ...      /&*«>      M|ir/«    ,'     OAr  \fttAA 

(     /  't 

Ma  -<f"     <  i  <<<.<      *<«  ••    '  .-•    K         Jvfc 


/i   /.  '.. 


k  f.  6  ,     (         /    . 

i/<  /   i '  '  /  / 

/(<«   ,    c/4iu     iKQMhjfu         w     ",      -ci«  i     ,//v-  t,<    t» 


'<•       •         <-      wfci 

/ 


'/•{    ,.,7,. 
/ 


'/?/•/  y    f'  f  ,  , 

'     /u,      *4QAA4A^i/t    WU'bt'^,      /i  WQ       t<tt\Cn         f'cri  C0  -i   .   !\t.rr\./f    ft    1  !      '  '         'Wi-X't'' 

r,^/rr   '      '     '   .     /  v^«  ^    '    , .    .^    / 


''^6, 


/  /    ]/  /   /  //' 

r    x  <j  ,     </^   (.<((  h:-  (Yf  C-.//J       ^  r.'m/o  ;    Mf  U« 

/       ,  (ft'         ,- 

tt)      r<      .,/,',       («  TU      <lt-,fi(        '..UH    ,     <•  -' <u 
n(  {<  .<>.   .,         2  (  «•    ( ^       6      ( <  .<v>  , 

Af 
<   t. 

/O  '  /"^ 

^u    ,         ,   /  'If  (^^       J  '    <  <•          (•    '<  .,  ,   r  .  /    ''-         AJ-5    fc4      /  r    /M      •   (  / 

/ 


•  - 

f./'X    ;      f//  fo 


A,      (Ttct/    f     < v«xJ-i^ii>, 

/  • '   /'  ^<  f 


/ 


tl-0    .(/rLOi<4- 


XJ, 

f  l-f  {( O  1/t4  l- 


..      /oo,     ,    A>r,r/    ,      j><       %        '',  /  ,     ,'.> 


<  r  '      .   ^-      <  r,  /(??,    ,  ; 


,        , 


,    .    -, 


L   ,    ,  y,;^,  .  t>/^t<  ,.  »,.-••/  /.;v  (^ 

^  ^  / 

•v  i    )^'<       f  '  •)''/,/,  /, 

Mj,     k,3lQ,      A« 


JU#*.    ,  '•Ja      , 


*  r/ 


//J    •   /^.  I.U/HK  fit-in  , 


cA 


/         " 


•/-»<; 


(•'  &(&•*  it^-l 


s  r>s  i 


/. 


/-,  /  ,  -/,   <   ;m*,  ./^  /I,     „   ..".•', 

ft>  ft  /        f'    fl  6  *<'  *    ,     '  ^ 


/ 


<?/  / 

/*,/,/<//,  ,     (• 


(•(>*)  ,Hcn-        WQ  ,  '''. „'/,     Mtgt  if     '/>  '  .    , ,   j, 

/   '<-,  -   <      ,      <  v    /  i  //rV   />///  ,^,/J 
(  (        ///'     /rfA,. 

,r{        f(  /  &L/4        (   •(,     .''        .,  ;  // 

7  / 

f    XX  <     •        .      "  /:-/      /O.     //V//    ,          f    ,/' 


^  ,tAr-/      /,  -',      ,} 


"    < 


0 


<  y 


*  t>;/,  >  •••(',/ftf^(/^,t  '"•  ' 
,   riw     -f     '  ''    ^ 


,*A 


J^UN        /     ,  ...    •  ;        ,  /V        r'    ^^ 

X  (          ,../'/ 


/    '      '< 

/       U<   |// 


r  i  i*4Mw+*£b$**] 


1       t  ,(<    f  <   .  .•      A  r' «"  •  ,  y</  /r 

.   *      '          i  ejfu^L 


130  <  /c). 


,  :',,  ,>.  / 


g<rAig/.     *.M4  ,.      t      //    ^-'      /•    v,  y    . 


/. 


WHAfiAA+J/U 

.       ~4  I 


GENUS   DOLIUM,    LAMARCK. 


THE     TUN. 


Shell  thin,  ventricose,  inflated,  generally  globular,  rarely 
oblong,  encircled  with  ribs ;  spire  short ;  right  lip  crenulated, 
and  sometimes  denticulated  throughout  its  whole  length  ;  aper- 
ture oblong,  very  large,  emarginated  inferiorly ;  columella  chan- 
neled ;  no  operculum. 

Testa  tenuis,  ventricosa,  inflata,  ssepius  subglobosa,  raro  oblonga,  trans- 
versim  cingulata.  Spira  brevis.  Labrum  per  totam  longitudinem  denta- 
tura  vel  crenatum.  Apertura  oblonga,  amplissima,  basi  emarginata.  Oper- 
culum nullum. 

Animal  very  large,  so  as  scarcely  to  be  contained  within  its 
shell ;  the  head  is  broad,  swollen  before,  supporting  two  long, 
slender,  obtuse,  distant  tentaculae,  dilated  towards  the  base, 
where  the  eyes  are  situated.  The  mouth  is  large,  muscular, 
strong  and  retractile.  The  respiratory  tube  is  pretty  stout ;  its 
cavity  is  capacious,  entirely  open,  provided  with  two  branchiae 
placed  on  the  left  side,  the  larger  of  which,  describes  a  pretty 
large  semicircle.  The  trunk  is  cylindrical,  very  much  devel- 
oped, flexible,  capable  of  being  turned  in  every  direction  at  the 
will  of  the  animal,  and  of  elongating  itself  in  a  remarkable 
manner ;  it  is  furnished  internally  with  several  rows  of  hooks. 
The  foot  is  ovate,  large,  fleshy,  bordering  all  parts  of  the  shell  ; 
it  is  rounded,  widened,  lobed  and  dilated  before,  with  a  hori- 
zontal furrow.  The  posterior  extremity  has  no  trace  of  an 

Dolium.  A 


2  GENUSDOLIUM. 

operculum.     The  generative  organ  of  the  male  is  very  retrac- 
tile, as  in  the  BUCCINUM. 

Almost  all  the  species  which  form  the  genius  DOLIUM  were 
considered  by  the  old  conchologists,  and  particularly  by  Lin- 
naeus, as  Buccina,  on  account  of  the  general  relations  by  which 
these  shells  are  allied.  This  author  brought  together  those 
which  we  are  now  describing,  so  as  to  form  a  small  separate 
group,  which  he  placed  at  the  head  of  his  great  genus,  BUCCI- 
NUM, placing  those  of  the  genus  CASSIS  immediately  after  them. 
Before  him,  however,  d'Argenville,  by  observing  the  identical 
form  of  these  shells  and  their  marked  distinction  from  those 
species  with  which  they  had  been  confounded,  first  thought  of 
separating  them,  and  distinguished  them  by  the  name  of  DOLIUM. 
But  it  was  Lamarck  who  clearly  settled  the  bounds  of  this  sepa- 
ration, and  presented  to  conchologists  the  precise  formation  of 
the  genus,  ever  since  established  in  science.  Indeed,  the  shells 
which  it  contains  have  so  peculiar  a  form,  that  it  would  be  diffi- 
cult to  mistake  them. 

The  genus  DOLIUM  comprehends  a  small  number  of  species, 
some  of  which  attain  so  remarkable  a  growth,  that  they  are 
sometimes  as  large  as  a  man's  head.  In  fact  the  general  ap- 
pearance of  the  shell,  of  an  inflated,  thick-set  form,  calls  up  the 
image  of  a  tun,  whence  is  derived  its  generic  name.  Thus,  the 
characters  which  make  up  these  species  are  a  form  more  or  less 
inflated,  girdled,  and  very  globular  ;  the  spire  being  much  shorter 
than  the  lower  whirl,  causes  the  size  of  the  aperture,  which 
almost  always  occupies  two  thirds  of  the  length  of  the  shell. 

Denys  de  Montfort,  in  his  Conchyliologie  Systematique,  has 
divided  the  Tuns  into  two  groups ;  he  comprised  in  the  first  the 
umbilicated  species,  which  he  called  PERDIX  ;  the  second  in- 
cluded the  DOLIUM,  properly  so  called,  that  is  to  say,  the  non- 
umbilicated  species.  This  distinction,  which  is  merely  appa- 
rent, is  produced  by  the  development  of  the  left  lip;  for  the  um- 
bilicus always  exists,  although  more  or  less  distinct.  Cuvier, 
in  his  Animal  Kingdom,  retained  the  two  divisions  of  Montfort ; 
but,  according  to  his  system,  he  still  makes  the  DOLIUM  one  of 
the  numerous  sub-genera  of  BUCCINUM,  thus  bringing  them  back 


GENUS      DOLIUM.  3 

to  the  state  in  which  Linnaeus  had  left  them  :  he  places  them 
between  HARPA  and  BUCCINUM.  De  Blainville  has  arranged 
them  in  his  family  Entomostomata,  between  HARPA  and  CASSI- 
DARIA.  This  writer  divides  them  into  three  sections  :  first, 
species  having  an  ovate  form,  spire  pretty  prominent,  right  lip 
always  thin,  such  as  the  DOLIUM  perdix  and  rufum  (I  consider 
this  last  species  only  as  a  variety  of  the  perdix,  or  as  an  injured 
specimen) ;  second,  those  with  a  short  spire,  more  ovate  and 
more  globular,  of  which  the  galea  and  olearium,  present  exam- 
ples; third,  the  Cassis-formed  tuns,  always  oval,  more  or  less 
globular,  with  very  distant  ribs,  the  right  lip  bordered,  and  the 
columella  twisted  at  its  extremity,  such  as  the  DOLIUM  macula- 
turn^  fasciatum,  variegatum  and  pomum. 

Latreille,  in  his  work,  Families  Naturelles,  fyc.,  includes  the 
Tuns,  the  Harps,  and  several  other  genera  in  a  single  family  of 
his  order  Gasteropoda,  to  which  he  gives  the  name  of  Dolium- 
formed.  I  agree,  in  some  respects,  with  the  opinion  of  this 
writer,  that  the  approximation  which  he  makes  of  the  Harps  and 
the  Tuns  appears  natural,  and  founded  upon  a  very  important 
character,  that  of  the  absence  of  the  operculum  in  both  genera. 
But,  I  think  that  they  should  form  not  one  family,  but  a  separate 
division,  and  therefore  I  shall  class  them  among  the  Purpurifera, 
of  which  they  should  certainly  make  a  part,  on  account  of  their 
affinity  to  all  the  other  genera  comprised  in  this  family.  I  retain 
for  my  division  the  term  Dolium-formed,  because  I  separate  from 
the  family  of  the  same  name,  the  genera  MONOCEROS,  CONCHO- 
LEPAS,  and  PURPURA,  which  I  refer  to  the  Buccinoidea  of  the 
same  author. 

With  regard  to  the  divisions  which  De  Blainville  has  establish- 
ed in  the  genus  which  I  am  examining,  I  think  they  are  founded 
upon  characters  too  variable  and  too  superficial  for  me  possibly 
to  adopt.  I  have  replaced  them  by  the  two  groups  of  which  I 
have  spoken,  and  which  I  thus  characterize  :  the  first,  with  the 
right  lip  always  thin,  and  undulated ;  the  second,  with  the  right 
lip  more  or  less  thickened  by  the  margin,  and  pretty  strongly 
denticulated.  I  have  thought  that  a  shell  which  Valenciennes 
had  determined  under  the  generic  name  of  MALEA,  (Recueil 
ff  Observations  de  Zoologie,  Humb.  et  Bonpland,  p.  325),  ought 


GENUS      DOLIUM. 


to  be  connected  with  my  second  group ;  and  which,  uniting  all 
the  characters  observed  in  the  Tuns,  ought  naturally  to  take  its 
place  among  them,  under  the  name  of  DOLIUM  latilabre.  In 
the  same  work  this  author  gives,  under  the  name  of  MALEA 
crassilabris,  a  shell  which  I  consider  as  a  variety  of  the  first ; 
the  only  differences  which  this  author  himself  has  found,  consist 
in  the  smallness  of  the  shell,  in  the  spire,  which  is  a  little  more 
prominent,  and  in  the  thickness  of  the  right  lip,  characters 
which  appear  to  me  too  little  specific,  and  too  variable  to  deter- 
mine its  separation  as  a  species.  We  shall  find  also  in  this 
series  the  DOLIUM  pomum,  which  approaches  exceedingly  to 
the  DOLIUM  latilabre  in  the  form  of  its  aperture,  in  the  ridges 
which  exist  upon  the  columella,  and  particularly  in  the  right  lip 
which  is  widened,  and  has,  internally,  folds,  or  very  strongly 
prominent  denticulations. 

The  animals  of  the  Tuns  are  in  general  strongly  colored,  and 
painted  with  different  tints  which  form  bands  and  spottings  upon 
their  entire  exterior.  These  animals  are  often  found  in  rapid 
waters,  and  upon  pebbly  bottoms ;  their  motions  are  quick.  The 
species  seen  upon  our  coasts  appear  towards  spring,  and  in 
summer :  the  other  species  inhabit  warm  climates. 


A.  Species  with  the  right  lip  always  thin  and  undulated. 

1.  DOLIUM  PERDIX,  LAM.     The  Partridge  Tun. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  Conch.,  t.  984,  fig.  43. 

PI.  V,  fig.  9. 

D.  testa  ovato-oblonga,  inflata,  tenui,  fulvo-rufescente,  maculis  albis 
lunatisque  seriatim  notata  ;  costis  convexiusculis,  confertis ;  spir&  exserti- 
uscula,  conica. 

Shell  ovate-oblong,  ventricose,  pretty  thin,  of  a  reddish 
brown  color,  pleasingly  varied  with  white  spots  in  transverse 
series,  for  the  most  part  semi-lunar,  and  more  or  less  distant ; 
spire  slightly  projecting,  conical,  pointed,  composed  of  from 
five  to  six  whirls  which  are  furnished  with  numerous  ribs, 


GENUS     DOLIUM.  5 

often  widened,  feebly  convex,  and  separated  by  furrows  hardly 
apparent ;  suture  very  distinct,  slightly  channeled  towards  the 
last  whirl.  The  aperture  is  large,  subovate,  marked  by 
transverse,  slightly  projecting  bands,  which  correspond  to  the 
furrows  of  the  exterior.  The  interior  of  this  cavity  is  of 
a  fawn  color.  The  right  lip  is  thin,  everted,  a  little  undu- 
lated, and  adorned  with  a  white  band  the  whole  length  of 
its  interior,  with  the  exception  of  the  edge,  which  is  of  a 
deep  brown.  The  left  lip  is  spread  out  over  the  body  of  the 
shell ;  it  is  very  thin,  transparent,  and  terminated  below  by 
a  projecting  plate  which  covers  the  umbilicus,  and  seems  also 
to  form  a  part  of  it.  The  columella  is  smooth,  polished, 
and  forms  at  the  left  of  the  umbilicus  a  thick  rib,  marked 
by  transverse  striae,  which  terminates  at  the  emargination  of 
the  base. 

Length  5  inches.     Width  3£  inches. 

Inhabits  the  Channel,  the  Mediterranean,  the  equatorial 
seas,  the  seas  of  India,  of  Africa,  and  of  America. 

This  shell  is  remarkable  on  account  of  its  form,  being  gen- 
erally more  elongated  than  that  of  other  species,  and  particularly 
by  its  coloring,  which  makes  the  transverse  ribs  to  appear  as  if 
enameled  with  small  white  spots,  for  the  most  part  curved  in  the 
form  of  a  crescent. 

The  mollusk  of  this  shell  inhabits  rapid  waters,  and  appears 
pretty  quick  in  its  movements.  The  ground  of  its  color  is  a 
bluish  white,  covered  with  irregular  spots  of  a  red  brown,  bor- 
dering upon  the  violet.  The  foot  is  colored  in  the  same  man- 
ner beneath,  but  above,  it  is  furrowed  with  wide  triangular 
radiating  bands.  The  tentacular  are  doubly  ringed  with  brown. 


GENUS      D  O  L I U M  . 


2.  DOLIUM  OLEARIUM,  LAM.     The  Onion-Peel  Tun. 

I 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     HUMPH.,  Mus.,  t.  27,  fig.  D. 
Pi.  I,  %  l.6.*< 

D.  testd  ovato-globosA,  ventricosA,  tenui,  fulvo-rufescente;  costis  latis, 
complanatis,  sulco  impresso  separatis ;  anfractibus  prope  sutures  canalicu- 
latis. 

Shell  pretty  large,  ovate-globose,  ventricose,  thin ;  spire 
conical,  formed  of  six  convex,  very  distinct  whirls,  loaded 
externally  with  wide,  flat,  slightly  raised  ribs,  separated  by 
narrow  and  superficial  furrows.  The  whirls  of  the  spire  are 
isolated  by  a  deep  channeled  suture.  The  lower  whirl  round- 
ed and  very  ventricose.  The  aperture  is  large,  subovate, 
colored  interiorly  with  reddish,  and  marked  with  transverse 
ribs  corresponding  to  the  furrows  without.  The  right  lip  is 
dilated,  undulated,  tinged  with  black,  or  a  deep  brown  upon 
the  edge.  The  left  lip  is  whitish,  spread  out  in  a  very  thin 
plate  upon  the  belly  of  the  lowest  whirl.  The  columella  is 
similar  to  that  of  the  preceding  species.  The  external  surface 
of  this  shell  is  of  an  uniform  reddish  fawn  color ;  nevertheless 
the  ribs  are  varied  with  wide  spots  or  irregular  brown  and 
white  blotches  which  are  very  remarkable. 

Length  5  inches.     Width  4  inches. 
Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean,  and  the  Antilles. 

This  species,  very  common  in  collections,  is  almost  diapha- 
nous when  young ;  at  that  time  the  transverse  ribs  of  the  sur- 
face are  only  indicated  by  lines  of  a  slightly  deeper  tint.  The 
Latin  name  which  has  been  given  it,  is  derived  from  the  use  to 
which  it  is  subservient  in  some  countries :  it  serves  as  an  oil- 
dipper. 

The  animal  is  of  a  clear  brownish  red,  without  spots,  and  its 
tentacular  are  encircled,  towards  the  point,  with  a  wide  reddish- 
brown  ring.  The  foot  beneath  is  of  a  dark  violet,  with  the  edge 
embroidered  with  deep  brown. 


GENUS      DOLIUM. 


3.  DOLIUM  GALE  A,  LAM.     The  Fluted  Tun. 

„    w.{M;JWt 
(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  Conch.,  t.  898,  fig.  18. 

P1.n,fig.2.       3          ,+  t 

D.  test&  maximft,  ovato-globosa,  ventricosissim&,  umbilicata,  tenui, 
albido-fulva ;  costis  convexis,  anterius  alternis  ruinoribus ;  anfractibus  prop& 
suturas  incurvato-excavatis,  canaliculatis. 

Shell  often  very  large,  ovate-globose,  pretty  light,  very 
ventricose,  ridged  transversely  with  numerous  convex  ribs,  al- 
ternated by  other  smaller  ribs,  which  only  appear  upon  the 
two  upper  thirds ;  the  furrows  which  separate  them  are  very 
distinct.  Suture  channeled  ;  spire  slightly  raised,  formed  of 
six  rounded  convex  whirls ;  the  lower  one  forms,  of  itself, 
almost  the  whole  of  the  shell.  The  aperture,  very  large, 
of  a  clear  fawn  color  within,  exhibits  smooth  tran verse  ribs, 
the  first  seven  or  eight  of  which,  are  united  two  and  two. 
The  right  lip  is  white,  terminated  by  a  festooned  dilatation, 
and  sometimes  excavated  by  a  shallow  canal.  The  left  lip, 
when  apparent,  consists  only  of  a  scale-like  leaf.  The  colu- 
mella  is  twisted,  and  elongated  spirally  ;  it  is  projecting,  mark- 
ed externally  with  five  or  six  longitudinal  ribs,  and  continued 
to  the  emargination.  The  whole  surface  of  the  shell  is  of  a 
pale  fawn-color,  intermingled,  upon  some  specimens,  with 
light  brown  or  chestnut  tints.  Epidermis  very  thin  and 
brown. 

Length  6  inches.     Width  4£  inches. 

Inhabits  the  Mediterranean,  about  the  coasts  of  France, 
and  of  Corsica  ;  and  the  Adriatic. 

It  is  this  species  particularly,  among  the  Tuns,  which  acquires 
such  magnitude,  that  specimens  have  been  quoted  of  the  size  of 
a  man's  head.  It  is  found  in  calcareous,  and  sometimes  on 
slightly  muddy  bottoms.  It  is  generally  observed  upon  coasts, 
like  the  preceding,  at  the  approach  of  spring  or  of  summer. 


g  GENUSDOLIUM. 

4.  DOLIUM  MACUL.ATUM,  LAM.     The  Speckled  Tun. 
(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  Conch.,  t.  899,  fig.  19. 
Pi.  Ill,  fig.  4.  / 

D.  testi  ovato-globosd,  ventricoso-inflata,  tenui,  griseola;  costis  con- 
vexis,  distantibus,  fulvo  aut  rufo  maculatis;  interstitiis  stria  prominula 
divisis. 

Shell  ovate-globose,  ventricose,  thin ;  spire  generally  short, 
composed  of  six  whirls,  slightly  flattened  above;  the  last, 
very  large  and  very  convex.  All  these  whirls  are  encircled 
by  wide  and  distant  ribs,  slightly  convex,  ten  in  number 
upon  the  last  whirl;  others,  more  narrow,  are  placed  alter- 
nately within  the  furrows,  which  are  wide  and  very  slightly 
striated.  The  surface  of  this  shell  is  of  a  white  color,  slightly 
grayish,  and  sometimes  rose-colored  ;  ornamented  upon  the 
ribs,  with  alternate  white  and  red  spots,  often  also  orange, 
which,  disposed  thus  in  regular  series,  present  a  beautiful 
appearance.  The  aperture  is  very  large,  colored  within  of  a 
chestnut  tint.  The  right  lip  is  thin,  notched,  canaliculated 
within,  and  its  edge  is  white  and  undulated.  The  left  lip 
is  only  slightly  perceptible  towards  the  base,  where  it  forms 
a  part  of  the  umbilicus,  which  is  hardly  developed.  The 
columella  is  twisted  spirally,  and  furnished  externally,  even  to 
the  emargination  of  the  base,  with  longitudinal  ribs. 

Length  5  inches.     Width  3£  inches. 

Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean,  the  coasts  of  Coromandel,  of 
Ceylon,  and  the  western  coast  of  Africa. 

The  common  name  of  this  species,  is  the  Tun;  it  is  very 
large.  Its  ribs,  wide  and  distant,  its  furrows  equally  wide,  ren- 
der it  easily  distinguishable. 


GENUS     DOLIUM. 


5.  DOLIUM  VARIEGATUM,  LAM.     The  Variegated  fun. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)   '  .  f 

—  -x  ..   j,*Ww  ^1 

PI.  II,  fig.  3  et  3  a,  young.    = 

D.  testA  ovato-globosa,  ventricosft,  umbilicata,  tenui,  albo  et  rufo  varie- 
gatd;  costis  convexis,  confertis,  aliis  albis  rufo-maculatis,  aliis  rufis;  spira 
brevi. 

Shell  ovate-globose,  ventricose,  thin  ;  spire  composed  of 
six  convex  whirls,  slightly  separated  by  a  shallow  suture,  and 
loaded  with  transverse  rounded  ribs,  which  are  very  approxi- 
mate. The  lower  whirl  composes,  itself,  almost  the  whole  of 
the  shell  ;  twenty  to  twenty-six  transverse  ribs  may  be  count- 
ed upon  its  surface,  among  which,  in  old  specimens,  are  found 
other  smaller  ones  which  are  alternately  disposed  between 
the  first,  towards  the  most  elevated  part.  All  the  ribs  are 
separated  by  furrows  which  are  not  throughout  of  the  same 
size.  The  aperture  is  wide,  large  and  ovate  ;  its  lips  are 
white,  and  the  interior  reddish.  The  right  lip,  terminated  by 
a  scolloped  dilatation,  is  traversed  by  a  canal  of  no  great 
depth.  The  left  lip  is  white,  thin,  applied  to  the  body  of 
the  lower  whirl,  and  forms  a  part  of  the  umbilicus.  The 
columella  is  twisted  spirally.  The  coloring  of  the  exterior 
is  whitish,  varied  with  red,  and  covered,  upon  the  transverse 
ribs,  with  irregular  spots  which  sometimes  form  longitudinal 
or  zigzag  bands  of  a  deeper  color.  The  epidermis  is  thin 
and  reddish. 

Length  4  inches.     Width  3  inches. 

Inhabits  the  Indian  Seas,  the  Isle  of  France,  the  shores  of 
Ceylon,  and  of  New  Holland. 

This  species  is  somewhat  allied  to  the  DOLIUM  maculatum, 
but  its  small  chords  or  ribs,  very  approximate  to  each  other,  dis- 
tinguish it  materially  from  this  last  shell.  Upon  some  specimens 
are  observed  ribs  which  have  no  other  tint  of  coloring  than  the 
ground  of  the  shell.  Young  specimens  are  diaphanous  and 
slightly  colored  by  spots. 

..... 


7 


, 


GENUS     DOLIUM. 


B.  Species  ivith  the  right  lip  more  or  less  thickened  into  a 
margin,  and  pretty  strongly  denticulated. 

6.  DOLIUM  FASCIATUM,  LAM.     The  Banded  Tun. 

>  '  h 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     SEBA,  Mus.  3,  t.  68,  fig.  17. 

PI.  Ill,  fig.  5;  et'Pl.  IV,  fig.  G,  var. 

.'  •    • 

D.  testa  ovato-ventricosa,  tenuiuscula,  alba,  fasciis  quatuor  fulvo-rufis 
versus  labrum  evanidis  cincta ;  costis  convexo-planis,  plerisque  confertia, 
supremis  remotiusculis ;  l.abro  intus  dentate,  extus  marginato. 

Shell  ovate,  ventricose,  thin,  whitish,  with  four  or  five  dis- 
tinct bands  of  a  reddish  fawn-color,  rarely  continued  to  the 
right  lip  ;  there  is  only  one  upon  the  two  whirls  next  above 
the  lowest.  The  spire  is  brown  at  top,  and  is  formed  of  six 
convex  whirls,  encircled  by  projecting,  pretty  narrow,  equal, 
approximate,  flattened  ribs,  a  little  more  distant  towards  the 
upper  part ;  they  are  separated  by  shallow  furrows.  Two  of 
the  upper  whirls  are  chequered  as  it  were  by  intersections  of 
striae.  Suture  a  little  flattened,  and  slightly  channeled.  The 
aperture  is  ovate,  white,  colored  with  red  at  the  bottom.  The 
right  lip  is  arcuated,  and  presents  externally  a  projecting  mar- 
gin, which  is  crenulated  outwardly  by  the  jutting  of  the  ribs, 
undulated  externally,  and  dentated  within.  The  columella  is 
twisted ;  and  upon  some  specimens  are  observed  several  cre- 
nulations  towards  the  base  of  the  left  lip  which  partially  covers 
the  umbilicus.  The  epidermis  is  thin  and  reddish. 

Length  5  inches.     Width  4  inches. 
Inhabits  the  East  Indian  Seas. 

This  shell  is  very  distinct  from  the  preceding  in  the  form  of 
the  righjt  lip,  which  is  thickened  and  denticulated,  and  in  the 
distribution  of  the  transverse  fawn-colored  bands  which  suddenly 
stop  within  a  third  of  the  breadth  of  the  shell  without  reaching 
the  edge.  Some  specimens  of  the  same  species,  which  appear 


GENUS     DOLIUM.  JJ 

to  belong  to  females,  are  more  ventricose ;  the  right  lip  is  less 
thickened,  the  teeth  situated  within  are  less  apparent,  whilst, 
on  the  contrary,  those  which  are  found  upon  the  edge,  are  very 
distinctly  seen,  particularly  towards  the  base. 

A  variety  of  this  species,  which  we  have  represented,  pi.  IV, 
fig.  6,  does  not  exhibit  teeth  at  the  inner  edge  of  the  right  lip, 
nor  brown  bands  upon  the  convexity  of  the  whirls.  The  trans- 
verse ribs  are  also  more  distant  in  this  specimen,  particularly 
towards  the  upper  part  of  the  two  lower  whirls,  which  is  caused 
by  the  almost  total  disappearance  of  the  second  rib  at  that  part, 
which  leaves  only  a  slight  indication  of  coloring. 


7.  DOLIUM  POMUM,  LAM.     The  Helmet-formed  Tun. 
(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  Conch.,  pi.  792,  fig.  45. 

Pi.  V,  fig.  8. 

D.  test&  ovato-inflata,  crassiuscula,  alba,  luteo-maculata ;  costis  convex- 
iusculis,  latis,  confertis  ;  spira  brevi ;  apertura  coarctata,  utrinque  dentata  ; 
labro  crasso,  exttis  marginato. 

Shell  ovate,  inflated,  somewhat  thick,  of  a  whitish  color, 
varied  and  spotted  with  square  spots,  of  a  yellow  more  or  less 
reddish,  alternating  upon  the  transverse  ribs,  with  other  spots 
of  a  dull  white  ;  spire  short,  composed  of  six  convex  whirls, 
slightly  flattened  above,  banded  with  ribs  equally  convex, 
wide,  not  distant,  and  divided  by  narrow,  shallow  furrows. 
The  aperture  is  somewhat  narrow,  toothed  upon  both  edges, 
colored  yellow  within.  The  right  lip,  dilated,  particularly 
towards  the  base,  forms  externally  a  very  thick  convex  mar- 
gin, the  external  part  of  which  is  sharp,  undulated,  and  its  in- 
ternal surface  furnished  with  ten  or  twelve  transverse,  distant 
teeth,  resembling  folds.  The  left  lip  consists  of  a  smooth 
plate,  convex  and  white,  which  partially  covers  the  body  of 
the  shell.  The  columella  presents  a  pretty  deep  emargina- 
tion,  above  which  are  observed  several  transverse  thick  folds, 
and  some  others,  less  numerous,  more  oblique,  and  less  dis- 
tinctly marked. 

t       ' 

/  i 


, 


12  GENUS      DOLIUM. 

Length  3  inches.     Width  2  inches. 

Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean,  towards  the  coasts  of  Ceylon, 
and  the  Antilles. 


This  shell,  like  the  following,  appears  removed  from  the  pre- 
ceding species  by  the  contraction  of  its  aperture,  and  particu- 
larly by  the  transverse  folds  with  which  the  columella  is  pro- 
vided ;  but  these  very  differences  appear  to  indicate  the  two  as 
proper  to  form  the  transition  from  the  DOLIUM  to  the  CASSIS, 
which  they  approach,  not  having  their  abruptly  raised  canal, 
whilst  they,  at  the  same  time,  in  all  other  respects,  are  allied  to 
the  Tuns. 

The  animal,  which  has  been  examined  by  Quoy  and  Gaimard, 
presents  the  peculiarities  of  development  which  we  have  point- 
ed out  in  our  type  species  ;  only  the  foot  is  neither  dilated,  nor 
auriculated  before.  The  color  of  this  mollusk  is  of  a  beautiful 
white,  marked  upon  its  circumference  with  triangular  flames 
of  a  violet  brown  ;  the  tentaculae  are  long,  slender  and  pointed, 
spotted  with  brown,  in  the  form  of  triple  rings ;  the  trunk  is 
white,  the  tube  very  long,  pointed  with  brown  and  violet  at  its 
extremity. 


8.  DOLIUM  LATLLABRE,  NOBIS.     The  Broad  Lipped  Tun. 

(Collect.  MASS.)     WOOD.  Ind.  Test.,  suppl.  pi.  4,  fig.  1. 

PI.  IV,  %.  1. 

D.  testa,  ovato-globosa,  crassiuscula,  albida,  longitudiualiter  striata; 
costis  latis,  cornplanatis,  sulco  impresso  separatis ;  labro  dextro  arcuato, 
dilatato,  reflexo,  dentibus,  sulciformibus  remotis;  columella  duobus  tuber- 
culis  sulcatis,  sulco  impresso  separatis,  ornata. 

Shell  ovate-globose,  ventricose,  pretty  thick ;  spire  point- 
ed, formed  of  six  whirls,  the  upper  of  which  are  slightly  con- 
vex, but  little  developed,  having  three  or  four  transverse  striae, 
very  apparent,  and  spotted  with  brown  blotches  ;  the  lower 
whirl  is  very  much  inflated,  completely  surrounded  by  from 
fifteen  to  twenty  equal  ribs,  depressed,  but  slightly  rounded ; 


*  fj. 


GENUS      DOLIUM.  J3 

these  ribs  are  separated  from  each  other  by  a  shallow  furrow, 
which  becomes  wider  between  the  first  two  or  three  upper 
ribs,  by  the  disappearance  of  the  intermediate  ribs.  The  lon- 
gitudinal stria3  of  growth  are  numerous,  very  fine,  and  slightly 
apparent.  The  aperture  is  narrow,  for  it  is  much  contracted 
by  two  protuberances  situated  upon  the  two  lower  thirds  of 
the  colurnella.  The  right  lip  is  arched,  flattened,  widened 
within,  having  a  wide  longitudinal  ridge  outside  of  it ;  it  has, 
on  the  inside,  the  whole  length,  from  sixteen  to  eighteen 
ridges,  or  very  strongly  prominent  teeth.  The  edge  is  un- 
dulated and  denticulated.  The  left  lip  is  thin,  diaphanous, 
spreading  upon  the  body  of  the  shell,  to  which  it  adheres, 
except  towards  the  base,  where  it  becomes  free  and  thicker. 
The  columella  is  twisted,  and  presents  a  very  deep  emargina- 
tion,  above  which  is  seen  a  wide,  thick,  furrowed  tubercle, 
which  appears  as  if  suspended  over  this  hollow ;  another 
tubercle  projects  near  the  base,  separated  from  the  first  by 
the  cavity  just  spoken  of ;  it  is  furnished  with  wrinkles  and 
numerous  furrows  of  a  brilliant  white,  which  imperceptibly 
diminish  in  size  at  the  base,  and  above  the  emargination, 
which  is  turned  out  like  a  gutter,  and  perfectly  smooth.  The 
color  of  this  shell  is  whitish,  slightly  blended  with  a  dull 
yellow.  The  interior  is  red.  The  epidermis  is  thin  and 
yellowish. 

Length  5  inches.     Width  4  inches. 

Inhabits  the  South  Sea,  the  Pacific  Ocean,  the  coast  of 
Mexico,  at  Acapulco. 

This  shell,  which  becomes  often  very  large,  and  which  is  still 
quite  rare  in  collections,  is  that  which  Valenciennes  has  de- 
scribed under  the  name  of  MALEA  latilabris  (Recueil  cF  Obser- 
vations de  Zoologie,  Humb.  et  Bonpl.  p.  325).  It  is  exceedingly 
remarkable  for  the  development  of  the  right  lip,  which  is  wide 
and  provided  with  strong  teeth  throughout  its  whole  length. 
The  form  and  the  situation  of  the  two  tubercles  which  pro- 
ject from  the  columella  are  also  very  singular,  and  concur  to 


14  GENUSDOLIUM. 

render  the  aperture  of  the  shell  narrower  than  in  the  preceding 
species.  I  think  that  the  MALEA  crassilabris  of  the  same  au- 
thor, described  also  in  the  same  work,  is  only  a  variety  of  the 
shell  in  question.  It  evidently  presents  all  its  characters,  ex- 
cepting some  slight  distinctions  of  little  importance :  it  is  a  little 
smaller ;  the  spire  is  a  little  more  developed,  and  the  right  lip 
thicker. 


DIVISION  OF  THE  TUNS  INTO  TWO  GROUPS. 
A.  Species  ivith  the  right  lip  always  thin  and  undulated. 

D.  perdix,  Lam.  The  partridge  tun. 

—  olearium,  Lam.  —   onion-peel  tun. 

—  galea,  Lam.  —  fluted  tun. 

—  maculatum,  Lam.  —   speckled  tun. 

—  variegatum,  Lam.  —   variegated  tun, 

B.  Species  with  the  right  lip  more  or  less  widened  by  the 
margin,  and  pretty  strongly  denticulated. 

D.  fasciatum,  Lam.  The  banded  tun. 

—  pomum,  Lam.  —   helmet-formed  tun. 

—  latilabre,  Nobis.  —   broad  lipped  tun. 


.4<M4* 


<  A  M  M    .    ,  '  ;  ,>  /',  ;  „,  ,  ,  ,1   .r  </  ,  & 


'• 


.      (  '   fa 

J>  ,     fc/,y  o-(i "<  / M  /,  •  (  Mi«    ,    ,   A 

^7  /'<  (<<  vl <  ^  /<'"'•  '  '   '       /r  "  '         ' 

/   / 

A'  ^  ^,//-<- 

{ 


Oi)- 


/  ^ 


:-      ,       ''  /'-y/.     /    -/  .• 


/       V  '  ,,,/ 


'-  i 


^^ 


- 


GENUS    HARPA,    LAMARCK. 


THE    HARP. 

Shell  ovate-oblong,  more  or  less  inflated,  generally  pretty 
thin,  enamelled,  provided  with  parallel,  longitudinal,  inclined 
and  acute  ribs ;  the  last  whirl  much  larger  than  all  the  others 
together  ;  spire  slightly  elevated  ;  aperture  large,  oval,  dilated, 
strongly  emarginated  inferiorly,  and  without  canal ;  right  lip 
bordered  by  the  last  rib;  columella  smooth,  simple,  nearly 
straight,  pointed  at  the  base. 

Testa  ovato-oblonga,  pltis  miniisve  ventricosa ;  costis  longitudinalibus 
parallelis,  compressis,  inclinatis,  acutis ;  spira  brevis.  Apertura  longitudi- 
nalis,  inferne  emarginata ;  canali  nullo.  Columella  laevis,  basi  plana  et 
acuta. 

Animal  having  a  flattened  head,  which  supports  a  pair  of 
pretty  long,  thick,  and  conical  tentaculae,  with  a  small  protu- 
berance at  their  base,  internally,  where  the  eyes  are  situated. 
Mouth  simple,  surrounded  by  a  muscular  margin,  and  furnish- 
ed with  a  small,  slender  and  pointed  trunk.  The  organ  of 
excitement  elongated,  cylindrical,  situated  on  the  right  side. 
Locomotive  organ  very  large,  very  broad  at  the  anterior  part, 
which  is  ear-shaped,  and  distinguished  by  a  deep  emargina- 
tion  upon  each  side  ;  the  posterior  extremity  caducous,  and 
destitute  of  an  operculum. 

This  genus,  instituted  by  Lamarck,  was  included  by  Linnaeus 
in  his  BUCCTNUM,  already  so  numerous.     It  contains  but  few 
Harpa.  A 


CJ  GENUS      HARPA. 

species,  and  the  shells  are  of  a  very  agreeable  and  elegant 
figure,  adorned  with  beautiful  colors,  varying  in  their  distribu- 
tion, and  are  particularly  remarkable  for  the  oblique  ribs,  whose 
arrangement  has  probably  contributed  to  the  establishment  of 
the  generic  name.  Linnaeus,  and  the  authors  who  had  preceded 
him,  blending  in  one  group,  species,  which  a  more  careful  in- 
vestigation has  since  divided,  gave  them  the  name  of  BUCCINUM 
liarpa;  nevertheless,  the  Harps  have  a  peculiar  appearance, 
which  makes  them  very  different  from  other  genera.  Lamarck, 
after  examining  the  characteristics  of  these  shells,  forthwith 
separated  them  from  the  BUCCINA,  to  arrange  them  in  his  family 
Purpuriferae,  between  the  DOLIUM  and  CASSIS  ;  and  this  classifi- 
cation has  been  generally  observed  by  authors  who  have  suc- 
ceeded him,  throughout  the  methodical  arrangements  which 
they  have  successively  proposed.  Cuvier,  in  his  Regne  Ani- 
male,  placed  this  genus  between  the  Tuns  and  Purpurae,  in  his 
family  of  the  Buccina.  De  Blainville,  in  his  Malacologie,  in- 
cluded it  (between  BUCCINUM  and  DOLIUM)  in  his  third  group, 
which  contains  the  ampullaceous  shells,  and  makes  part  of  his 
second  family  Entomostomata. 

So  that  these  writers,  and  those  who  have  followed  them, 
retain  for  the  Harps  very  nearly  the  situation  which  Lamarck 
had  assigned  them.  Lately,  a  knowledge  of  the  animal  has  only 
confirmed  the  truth  of  those  observations,  which  the  study  of  the 
shell  had  suggested  to  him. 

M.  Reynaud,  surgeon-major  of  the  corvette  La  Chevrette,  upon 
his  return  from  a  voyage  round  the  world,  first  published  in  the 
fifth  volume  of  the  Memoires  de  la  Societe  d'Histoire  Naturelle, 
the  anatomy  of  the  animal,  and  its  different  peculiarities.  But 
we  are  particularly  indebted  to  the  learned  observations  of  Quoy 
and  Gaimard  for  a  more  perfect  knowledge  of  its  organization, 
and  of  all  its  anatomical  parts,  which  have  been  figured  in  the 
Atlas  of  the  Voyage  de  I' Astrolabe,  pi.  42. 

The  external  form  of  the  animal  of  the  HARPA  greatly  resem- 
bles that  of  the  DOLIUM  and  the  neighboring  genera,  in  the  con- 
formation of  the  head  and  that  of  the  tentaculae ;  but  it  appears 
to  be  separated  somewhat  from  the  BUCCINUM  by  its  digestive 
organs,  although  the  diffeiences  which  are  observed  between 


GENUS      HARP  A  .  3 

these  two  genera  are  inconsiderable;  they  consist  in  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  trunk,  which,  in  the  animal  of  the  Harps,  is  desti- 
tute of  lips  bristling  with  spines,  and  in  the  conformation  of  the 
stomach,  which  is  less  developed  than  that  of  the  BUCCINUM. 

The  fleshy  part  of  this  mollusk  is  very  strong,  and  yery 
large;  its  foot  is  enormous,  thick,  and  extended  considerably 
out  of  the  shell ;  it  cannot  be  wholly  contained  within  the  aper- 
ture, before  which,  by  contracting  itself,  it  forms  a  margin, 
as  has  been  already  pointed  out  by  Born  (Musceum  C&saris 
Vindobonensis,  pi.  254). 

This  author  seems  to  have  known  the  particular  circumstance 
of  the  rent  of  the  foot.  The  foot  is  as  if  divided  into  two  por- 
tions. The  anterior  broader,  arcuated,  ear-shaped,  with  a  mar- 
ginal furrow,  and  joined  to  the  posterior  part  by  a  kind  of  neck. 
This  latter,  more  extended,  is  somewhat  oval,  pointed,  and 
slightly  inflated  above,  without  any  appearance  of  operculum. 
The  three  authors  who  have  described  this  animal,  point  out  a 
singular  peculiarity  in  it :  when  it  is  violently  disturbed,  it  breaks 
off  the  posterior  extremity  of  its  foot,  in  order  to  withdraw  itself 
more  completely  within  its  shell.  It  is  supposed  that  this  part 
has  the  power  of  reproducing  itself  after  the  rupture. 

All  the  external  parts  of  the  animal  are  strongly  colored  with 
spots  and  plates  of  a  brownish  red,  intermingled  with  other  yel- 
lowish spots.  The  middle  portion  is  frequently  crossed  by  a 
brown  band. 

The  respiratory  tube  is  long,  rather  large,  continued  to  and 
terminating  in  a  large  pulmonary  cavity,  the  use  of  which  is  to 
assist  respiration.  Upon  one  side  of  this  cavity  are  two  pecti- 
nated branchiae,  one  large,  and  the  other  small ;  upon  the  oppo- 
site side  are  situated,  in  female  specimens,  the  rectum  and  the 
uterus ;  and  in  the  male  a  deferential  canal  and  a  penis.  On 
this  same  side  are  fixed,  at  the  upper  part  of  the  cavity,  the  mu- 
cous follicles,  composed  of  seven  or  eight  transverse  plates. 
The  tongue  is  small,  slender,  pointed,  fleshy,  without  any  trace 
of  a  ribbon  of  horn ;  it  is  contained  in  an  incurved  sheath,  and 
rarely  protruded  from  it.  The  stomach  is  very  narrow,  and  does 
not  differ  in  size  from  the  rest  of  the  intestinal  canal.  The  rec- 
tum is  pretty  large,  terminated  by  an  anus  slightly  narrowed  and 


4  GENUS      HARPA 

pointed.  The  liver,  which  is  voluminous,  forms  a  great  part  of 
the  convoluted  portion,  and  extends  almost  throughout  the  spire. 
The  heart  and  the  auricle  are  very  much  developed,  contained 
in  a  pericardium,  and  situated  at  the  base  of  the  branchiae.  The 
cerebral  ganglion  is  broad  and  flattened ;  it  sends  out  numerous 
nervous  filaments  which  ramify  over  the  whole  body.  The  penis 
of  the  male  is  considerable,  like  that  of  the  Buccina,  and 
situated  upon  the  same  side. 

This  genus,  very  remarkable  for  the  beauty  and  freshness  of 
the  shells  which  it  contains,  belongs  mostly  to  the  Indian  seas, 
where  they  are  pretty  common,  and  upon  the  shores  of  certain 
islands  of  the  tropical  coasts.  They  are  found  in  the  crannies 
of  rocks,  or  upon  pebbly  bottoms,  whose  great  irregularities 
render  the  means  of  fishing  for  them  ineifectual.  Quoy  and 
Gaimard  think  that  they  usually  inhabit  rapid  and  deep  waters. 

The  animal  is  very  active,  but  surrounded  by  numerous  ene- 
mies ;  at  the  approach  of  danger  it  enters  its  shell,  like  the  other 
mollusca,  but  cannot  entirely  draw  in  its  foot;  and  the  part 
which  remains  without,  firm  and  muscular,  almost  closes  her- 
metically the  aperture  of  the  shell,  and  thus  protects  all  the  soft 
parts.  Nevertheless,  if  the  danger  which  threatens  it  should 
be  imminent,  as  a  last  resort,  it  contracts  with  much  force  this 
portion  of  the  foot  exposed  to  peril,  breaks  it  and  rids  itself 
of  it.  In  this  situation  it  presents  to  its  enemies  only  the  back 
of  its  covering,  being  able  to  apply  its  aperture  to  the  ground. 
It  is  probable  it  owes  its  power  of  rupturing  its  foot  to  the  pre- 
sence of  a  large  canal  containing  water  which  exists  in  this  part. 
This  is  the  opinion  of  Quoy  and  Gaimard. 

In  consequence  of  this  an  operculum  would  be  useless  to  it, 
for  it  would  be  liable  to  be  carried  away  by  the  rupture  of  the 
foot.  Therefore,  it  is  not  possessed.  These  observations  are 
due  also  to  the  philosophers  we  have  previously  quoted. 

Some  system-making  authors  have  sought  to  establish  on  the 
operculum,  general  rules  of  analogy  between  the  groups  ;  but  this 
character  is  too  superficial  to  serve  for  the  great  divisions,  or 
the  approximation  of  groups  into  families.  Many  shells,  pro- 
vided with  an  operculum,  are  united  by  all  the  other  characters 
which  distinguish  them,  to  species,  in  which  the  operculum,  on 


GENUS     HARPA.  5 

the  contrary,  does  not  exist ;  this  circumstance  only,  constitutes 
the  difference  between  them;  whilst  remote  from  them  are 
found  other  shells,  possessing  alike  an  analogous  operculum,  but 
dissimilar  to  the  first  in  every  other  respect.  Thus  the  Harps 
arid  the  Tuns  have  such  striking  resemblances  to  the  BUCCINUM, 
that  we  have  always  seen  them  placed  near  this  last  genus  by  all 
authors  who  have  described  them ;  nevertheless,  the  first  two  of 
these  genera  have  no  operculum,  whilst,  on  the  contrary,  it  is 
invariably  found  in  the  other. 

We  may  then  infer,  from  these  remarks,  that  the  character 
of  the  operculum  cannot,  as  we  have  said,  constitute  a  general 
rule  of  classification.  It  will  serve,  with  more  certainty,  for 
some  divisions  of  genera;  and  the  differences  of  the  opercula  of 
some  shells  may  assist  in  establishing  between  them  an  accurate 
measure  of  affinity  or  remoteness. 

The  animals  of  the  Harps  appear  to  subsist  upon  soft  and 
delicate  substances.  Lamarck,  in  his  Histoire  des  Mollusques, 
has  divided  this  genus  into  eight  species ;  but,  after  the  example 
of  Deshayes,  withdrew  from  the  list  of  species  the  imperial 
harp,  which  is  only  a  pretty  constant  variety  of  the  vcntricose 
harp  ;  this  may  be  proved  by  a  specimen  in  the  collection  of  the 
prince  Massena,  which  is  half  imperial  harp  by  its  very  con- 
tiguous ribs,  and  half  ventricose  harp  by  others  more  distant. 
The  conoid  harp  appears  also  to  be  only  a  variety  of  this  last, 
merely  a  little  more  elongated.  The  striated  harp  belongs  also 
to  the  ventricose  harp,  and  should  be  considered  as  only  a  very 
young  specimen  of  this  species. 

It  is  a  general  observation,  that  all  the  young  shells  of  this 
genus  have  longitudinal  striae,  more  or  less  numerous,  but  al- 
ways more  approximate ;  they  have  often,  also,  pretty  apparent 
transverse  striae,  distinctions  easy  to  be  observed  in  the  shell  of 
which  we  have  just  spoken. 

The  other  species  pointed  out  by  Lamarck  appear  to  be  well 
distinguished ;  all  agree  in  the  common  character  of  presenting 
exteriorly  parallel,  compressed,  inclined,  and  acute  longitudinal 
ribs ;  in  all,  too,  the  upper  extremity  of  each  rib  forms  a  small 
detached  sharp  point. 


(5  GENUS     H  ARPA. 

The  male  shells  are  known  by  three  essential  distinctions ; 
their  shell  is  thicker,  smaller,  and  more  slender. 

The  Harps  are  found  in  abundance  in  the  regions  of  the 
Isle  of  Sunda,  of  New  Holland,  the  Isle  of  France,  and  in 
the  Red  Sea. 

/  1 .  HARP  A  VENTRICOS  A,  LAM.     The  Ventricose  Harp. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     BONANNI,  Recr.  3,  fig.  185. 

• 

PI.  I,  fig.  1  and  1  a  young;  pi.  II,  fig.  2,  variety  with  compact  ribs. 
PI.  Ill,  fig.  4,  var.  Conoidalis ;  pi.  IV,  fig.  7,  young,  striated. 

H.  testa  ovato-ventricosa ;  costis  latis,  compressis,  purpureo  tinctis, 
apice  mucronatis,  infra  mucronem  subunidentatis ;  interstitiis  albidis, 
maculis  arcuatis  spadiceo-fuscis  notatis ;  columella.  purpureo  et  nigro 
maculata. 

Shell  oval,  ventricose,  pretty  large,  polished,  ornamented 
with  more  or  less  distant,  wide,  compressed,  smooth,  parallel 
ribs,  inclined  towards  the  base,  of  a  pale  rose  color,  most  com- 
monly with  quadrangular  deep  brown  spots.  These  ribs  are 
pointed  at  their  summit,  and  a  little  below  these  form  a  slight 
keel,  caused  by  small  asperities.  The  interstice  between  the 
ribs  is  slightly  striated  longitudinally ;  it  is  whitish  or  violet, 
adorned  with  brown  or  reddish  spots,  forming  regular  festoons 
throughout  its  whole  length ;  there  are  found  also  upon  the 
surface  of  the  shell  two  or  three  bands,  sometimes  replaced  by 
large  spots,  which  alike  surround  it.  The  middle  band  is 
always  most  apparent.  The  spire  is  short,  composed  of  six 
whirls  slightly  flattened  above ;  aperture  large,  reddish,  ter- 
minated at  base  by  an  oblique,  shallow  emargination,  marked 
within  with  brown  spots  or  bands ;  right  lip  bordered  exter- 
nally by  the  last  rib ;  columella  smooth,  brilliant,  almost 
covered  with  very  dark  brown  spots. 

Length  4  inches.     Width  3  inches. 

Inhabits  the  Indian  Seas,  at  New  Guinea  and  Port  Dorey ; 
the  Isles  of  France  and  Bourbon. 


GENUS      HARPA. 


Of  late  several  authors,  and  particularly  Deshayes,  have 
brought  back  to  this  species  shells  of  the  same  genus  which  had 
been  improperly  separated  by  Lamarck.  The  first  which  we 
shall  notice  is  the  imperial  harp,  pi.  2,  fig.  2,  which,  however, 
at  first  sight,  appears  to  differ  essentially  from  the  ventricose 
harp  ;  but,  as  we  have  remarked  of  several  species  of  genera 
which  we  have  already  described,  the  gradual  affinities  of  a 
series  of  specimens  naturally  bring  back  this  shell  to  the  com- 
mon type,  although  at  first  it  appeared  remote  from  it.  We 
shall  point  out,  as  a  striking  example,  a  specimen  which  presents 
upon  one  of  its  sides  the  same  ribs  as  those  of  the  type  species, 
and  upon  the  other  those  of  the  variety,  (see  our  pi.  VI,  fig.  9). 
Thus  then,  this  differs  from  the  ventricose  harp  by  the  ribs  being 
more  contracted,  and  nearer  each  other  ;  but,  constant  in  all 
other  points  of  analogy,  it  ought,  undoubtedly,  to  be  reunited  to 
this  last  species. 

This  variety  with  close-set  ribs  is  generally  whitish  ;  the  num- 
ber of  ribs  varies  in  such  a  manner  that  even  30  and  35  have 
been  counted,  whilst  not  more  than  from  12  to  13  are  seen  upon 
the  ventricose  harp.  These  ribs  are  then  much  narrower,  and 
much  more  approximate,  with  five  or  six  interrupted,  reddish 
yellow  zones.  It  is  particularly  in  the  young  specimens  of  this 
variety,  that  the  ribs  are  nearer  each  other,  the  transverse  stria3 
more  apparent  and  more  prominent.  The  young  of  the  ventricose 
harp  are  of  a  paler  color,  duller,  and  sometimes  reddish  ;  we  give 
a  figure  of  it,  pi.  IV,  fi>.  7.  Lamarck  has  established  them  as  a 

.  11  -     TT 

species  under  the  name  of  HARPA  stnata. 

Another  variety  of  this  same  shell  has  more  distant  ribs,  and 
is  remarkable  for  two  large  reddish  bands,  at  each  extremity  of 
the  last  whirl.  The  interval  between  these  bands  is  of  a  much 
paler  color.  The  interstice  of  the  ribs  is  adorned  with  reddish 
longitudinal  lines,  undulated  and  slightly  festooned  at  the  two 
extremities;  (see  our  pi.  VI,  fig.  10). 

We  give  also,  pi.  Ill,  fig.  4,  the  conoidal  harp  of  Lamarck,  -1 
which  presents  all  the  characters  of  our  type  ;  the  only  observa-       /Y\ 
ble  differences  consist  in  the  form,  which  is  a  little  more  conoi- 
dal, and  in  the  ribs,  the  three  last  of  which  are  wider,  whilst  the 
others  are,  on  the  contrary,  narrower  than  those  of  the  ventricose 


„ 


• 


g  GENUS      H  ARPA. 

harp.  The  shell  is  generally  whitish,  with  bands  on  the  ribs  of 
a  rose-colored  tint  ;  some  specimens  are  colored  more  brightly, 
and  have  the  ribs  alternated  with  brown,  rose-colored,  and 
white  lines.  The  interstices  are  filled  with  arched  yellowish  or 
brown  spots. 


2.  HARPA  ARTICULARIS,  LAM.     The  Articulated  Harp. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     GUALTIERI,  Test.,  pi.  29,  fig.  D. 
PI.  II,  fig.  3. 

H.  testa  ovata,  subventricosa,  grisea  ;  costis  angustis  distantibus  albo 
nigroque  articulatim  maculatis  ;  spira  exsertiuscula,  muriculata. 

Shell  ovate,  ventricose,  rather  thin  ;  spire  conical,  indistinctly 
muricated  ;  the  ribs  pretty  narrow,  distant,  slightly  flattened, 
marked  by  transverse  brown  lines,  articulated  and  winding 
like  light  festoons  ;  between  these  lines  appear  white  and 
violet  spots,  Interstice  between  the  ribs  grayish.  The  lon- 
gitudinal waved  lines  which  are  there  seen,  are  strongly  arch- 
ed, and  very  contiguous  to  each  other,  they  form  species  of 
transverse  bands,  at  the  origin  of  which  exists  a  triangular 
brown  chestnut-colored  spot  ;  the  sharpest  angle  of  this  spot  is 
continued  sometimes  into  the  interstices,  in  the  middle  of  the 
narrow  and  white  bands  formed  by  the  bars  to  the  number  of 
twelve  upon  the  last  whirl.  The  brown  bars  are  less  conspic- 
uous. Aperture  large,  ovate,  of  a  violet  color  upon  the  edge, 
and  reddish  within  ;  through  these  colors  are  perceived  the 
transverse  brown  bands.  The  columella  is  polished,  covered 
over  its  whole  length  by  a  large  brown  chestnut-colored  spot. 

Length  3  inches.     Width  2  inches. 
Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean. 


This  shell  appears  sufficiently  distinct  from  the  ventricose  harp, 
for  us  to  retain  it  as  a  distinct  species,  as  was  done  by  Lamarck. 
The  coloring  of  the  ribs  is  pretty  constant  in  the  distribution  of 
the  transverse  bands,  which  are  always  very  apparent  and  very 
near  each  other. 


GENUS      HARPA. 


V    3.  HARPA  NOBIL.IS,  LAM.     The  Noble  Harp. 

,  /J  I  ,  ft*    h  t 
(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  Conch.,  pi.  992,  fig.  55. 

PI.  Ill,  fig.  5. 

H.  testi  ovata,  subventricosa,  griseo-albo  et  fusco  varia,  maculis  amplis 
purpureo-sanguineis  picta  ;  costis  latiusculis  ;  lineis  nigris  capillaribus 
trans  versim  fasciculatis  ;  spira  submuricata. 

Shell  ovate,  a  little  ventricose;  spire  slightly  elongated, 
submuricated,  the  whirls  flattened  above,  surmounted  by  ribs 
which  are  continued  ;  these  are  from  12  to  14  in  number,  be- 
coming broader  as  they  approach  the  lip  ;  they  are  ornament- 
ed with  transverse  black  lines,  dividing  them  into  unequal 
spaces,  the  coloring  of  which  is  less  deep  than  that  of  the  in- 
terstices of  the  ribs  ;  these  last  are  of  a  grayish  or  brown  tint, 
of  little  variety,  with  wide  spots,  which  sometimes  form  bands 
of  a  bloody  purple.  Undulating  lines  in  zigzags  or  white  fes- 
toons, and  brown  meanderings  between  them.  The  upper 
band  of  the  last  whirl  oftentimes  becomes  more  apparent  from 
the  brightened  or  even  whitish  shade  of  its  color  ;  aperture 
ovate,  of  an  orange  white  ;  right  lip  marked  by  brown  spots 
internally,  and  bordered  externally  by  the  last  rib  which  is 
denticulated  in  a  portion  of  its  length.  The  columella  slightly- 
arched  at  the  base,  almost  covered  in  its  length  by  three  very 
distant  violet  or  brown  spots. 

Length  3  inches.     Width  22  lines. 
Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean.      <?<:  •-«•• 


This  species  is  pretty  constant  in  its  characters  ;  nevertheless, 
it  happens  that  some  specimens  have  a  paler  coloring,  and  the 
festoons  are  perceptible  only  by  intervals,  and  have  then  the 
appearance  of  pretty  irregular  bands.  The  specimen  represent- 
ed, pi.  6,  fig.  11,  is  of  a  brownish  red.  Others  are  of  a  clear 
red. 

Harpa.  B 


10  GENUSHARPA 


4.  HARPA  MINOR,  LAM.     The  Elongated  Harp. 

"   /0-/33  > ' 
(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  Conch.,  pi.  994,  fig.  57. 

PI.  IV,  fig.  6,  and  fig.  6  a,  var. 

H.  testa  ovato-oblonga,  grisea,  fusco-maculosa  ;  costis  angustis  distanti- 
bus  nigro-lineatis  ;  lineis  geminatis  ;  spirii  exsertiuscula. 

Shell  ovate,  oblong,  rather  small,  slightly  elongated,  whirls 
of  the  spire  distinct,  mucronated,  more  elongated  than  in  the 
preceding  species.  The  lower  whirl  has  eleven  or  twelve 
narrow  and  slightly  elevated  longitudinal  ribs,  the  surface  of 
which,  of  a  yellow  ground,  is  crossed  transversely  by  a  great 
number  of  very  fine  blackish  lines,  which  approach  alternately, 
two  by  two.  The  intervals  of  the  ribs  are  marked  with  very 
thin  and  delicate  longitudinal  striae,  and  with  brown  and 
whitish  lines  undulating  in  bars.  Sometimes  one  or  two 
whitish  bands  are  observed  upon  the  last  whirl.  The  aper- 
ture is  ovate,  alike  whitish,  with  several  small  brown  bands 
upon  the  edge  of  the  lip  which,  externally,  is  covered  by  the 
last  rib.  The  columella  is  almost  straight,  marked  with  small 
brown  spots. 

Length  2  inches.     Width  1  inch. 
Inhabits  the  Indian  Ocean,  at  Port  Dorey  in  New  Guinea. 

This  species  is  very  distinct  from  others  in  size,  which  is  in- 
vari^bly  smaller,  and  by  its  peculiar  coloring,  much  less  variable 
tha"n  Wie  other  -harp&.  Some  specimens  are  shorter  and  of  a 
whitish  color.  In  such  the  three  or  four  last  ribs  grow  broader 
towards  the  last  lip.  The  substance  of  the  shell  also  appears 
thicker,  which  would  lead  us  to  think  that  the  difference  belongs 
to  that  of  sex.  The  animal  of  the  elongated  harp  differs  slightly 
from  others  in  its  coloring,  only  it  is  covered  with  a  tint  of  a 
more  intense  red,  and  the  circumference  of  the  foot  is  not  mark- 
ed with  spots  of  a  reddish  brown,  like  that  of  the  ventricose  harp. 


GENUS      HARPA. 


f  5.  HARPA  ROSEA,  LAM.     The  Rosy  Harp. 

»    /o./oc,  /r?  6 
(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     MART.,  Conch.,  pi.  119,  fig.  1094. 

PI.  V,  fig.  8  and  fig.  8  a,  young. 

»  .  6  0 

H.  testa  ovata,subventricosa,tenui  griseola  ;  costis  angustissimis  distan- 
tibus  ;  interstitiis  albidis,  roseo  rnaculatis,  lineis  rubro-nigris,  confusiuscule 
undulatis  ;  columella  carnea  et  violacea. 

Shell  ovate,  ventricose,  rather  thin  ;  spire  conical,  slightly 
muricated  ;  the  four  whirls  which  are  near  the  edge  are  the 
widest.  The  ribs  are  flat,  oftentimes  narrow,  almost  all  mark- 
ed at  their  base  by  four  or  five  conical  denticulations,  and  at 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  last  whirl,  by  four  small  mucronat- 
ed  tubercles,  which  appear  again  upon  the  whirls  of  the  spire. 
The  coloring  of  the  ribs  is  of  a  light  gray  ;  they  are  circled  by 
rose-colored  or  white  bands  in  bars  ;  at  their  external  edge, 
which  is  slightly  projecting,  is  drawn  a  brown  or  blackish  lon- 
gitudinal stroke,  interrupted  by  small  horizontal  white  rays. 
The  interstices  of  the  ribs  are  of  a  grayish  pearl  color,  waved 
with  fine  strokes  in  double  bars,  which  are  laced  with  strokes 
of  a  red  brown.  Rose-colored  spots  are  likewise  seen  between 
the  ribs.  Aperture  ovate,  of  a  pale  yellow,  with  several  bands 
of  a  dark  violet.  The  right  lip  is  ornamented  by  the  last  rib, 
which  is  undulated  throughout  its  whole  length.  The  colu- 
mella is  polished,  arcuated  towards  the  base,  and  has  two  or 
three  spots  of  a  bluish  violet. 

Lenth  3  inches  3  lines.     Width  2  inches  2  lines. 
Inhabits  the  seas  of  Japan.          u  ^^^  -\ft*x~<  ) 

Lamarck  only  knew  young  specimens  of  this  species,  which, 
generally,  are  strongly  colored  by  large  rose-colored  spots  cover- 
ing almost  all  the  surface.  Latterly,  Lesson  has  established,  as 
a  new  species,  under  the  name  of  HARPA  Rivoliana  (Zoological 
Illustrations,  pi.  36),  a  specimen,  which  we  consider  a  very  old 


GENUS      II  ARPA. 


shell  of  the  H.  rosea.  Lamarck  possessed  another  which  he  has 
marked  in  his  collection  as  a  variety  of  this  last  species,  and 
which  is,  without  any  doubt,  an  intermediate  link  between  the 
young  and  adult,  (see  our  pi.  5,  fig.  8,  8  a). 


A«  <"•    ,      (    r  ••-''  ,       •<•«./•    <••      /f  A  ,f    /  J/ 

,  {*f<\f\<\<uf<    ,   C  r-     _  ,  A    /  ,   <•  ,-  ,      /     /       ,  '    i>    ^  I 


/  fi  j 

'  fi 


('^<V'/C,  /[•.  ,    v-V--    ^ 


^l  ,    /(  .  f  v  0  //  ^  '«  i-i  ,.  Mt,  /  ,  r  *i'/<,  >  /  .  v    r  e(  ' 


/,  "  r  ,    )  J, 

'      '     ^V'^gt  tt  ,     A-t-r  v<        ,/?r^v,    ^.rr,  ,    ,        Mi^,/,  ?  <U,C 

(\      n   .  •   r».      r^,   ><<:;/,,    <<     X  Ttu'v. 

-  -Y  i   ,  '/  c  c/  ,v«  r  <-  .-      /M"  wt*    -  [  . 
i 


FAMILLE 

DES 

PLICACEES 

DE   LAMARCK, 
DES  TROCHOIDES 

DE  CUVIER. 


Les  coquilles  que  renferme  cette  fainille  sont  marines , 
A  ouverture  non  evasee,  ay  ant  des  plis  a  la  columelle. 
Elles  ont  etc  long-temps  confondues  avecles  Solutes  ^  les 
BulimeSy  et  meme  dans  ces  derniers  temps,  quelques>zoolo- 
gistes  les  ont  encore  placees  parmi  les  Auricules,  avec  les- 
quelles  elles  ont  beaucoup  de  rapports;  cependant  elles 
doivent  en  etre  eloignees  par  une  difference  assez  remarqua- 
ble,,  la  presence  d'un  opercule.  C'est  pour  cette  raison 
qu'on  doit  en  former  une  famille  a  part  qui^  d'apres  La- 
marck ,  ne  se  compose  que  de  deux  genres ,  celui  des  Tor- 
natelles  et  celui  des  Pyramidelles. 


TORNAT£LLE. 


GENRE  TORNATELLE. 

(  TORNATELLA  ,  LAMARCK.  ) 


Caracteres  generiques.  Goquille  enroulee,  ovale,  cylin- 
drique,  le  plus  souvent  striee  transversalement  ;  ouverture 
oblongue,  entiere,  un  pen  versante  a  sa  base  ;  un  ou  plu- 
sieurs  plis  a  la  columelle;  bord  droit  mince  ,  tranchant, 
n'ayant  jamais  de  bourrelet. 

Animal  inconnu,  opercule  come. 

Testa  convoluta,  orato-cylindrica,  saepiiistransversim  striata,  apertura  oblonga, 
integra;  marine  exteriore  acuto.  Columella  basi  uni  vel  pluriplicata. 
Opercula  ovata  ,  cornea. 

Les  especes  de  ce  genre  sont  toutes  marines  et  enroulees;  elles 
ont  presque  toujours  des  stries  transversales  ;  elles  sontordinaire- 
ment  ovo'ides,  cylindracees  ,  a  spire  plus  ou  moins  saillante  et  ob- 
tuse ;  1'ouverture  est  alongee  ,  souvent  retrecie  a  sa  partie  post6 
rieure,  evasee  et  un  peu  versante  a  la  base  ;  les  plis  de  la  columelle 
variables  en  nombre  ,  de  un  a  trois:  ilssont  ordinairemerit  epais  et 
obtus. 

1.    TORItfATELLE   BROCARD.   Tornatella  flammea  ,  GMEL. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  LIST.,  Conch,  t.  8i4  ,  fig-  24. 
PI.   i.  fig. 

T.tesl5  crassd,  ovali,  alba,  venlricos^l,  transversim  striata";  lineis  longitudinalibus 
undatis,  subrubris  ;  spiral  couoideS-  aperlura  oblong^  ;  columeUa  uniplicata 


Co(jiiille  epais  se^  ovale^  ventrue^  blancte^  couverte  de 
stries  transversales  avec  des  lignes  longitudinales  ondiilees  , 
rougeatres,  souvent  divisees  en  trois  parties  dans  leur  lon- 
gueur. Spire  cono'ide,  canaliculee  ,  composee  desix  tours  , 
les  premiers  tres  rapproches,  le  dernier  beaucoup  plus  grand 
que  tons  les  antres.  Ouverture  oblongue^  elargie,,  dilatee  a  sa 


4  GENRE    TORN ATE LLE. 

base ;  le  bord  droit  tres  aminci  y  presque  tranchant  ;  un  pli 
a  la  columelle  qui  est  oblique. 

Long.  i5  lig.  Larg.  9  lig. 
Habit  e 

Chez  certains  individus  les  lignes  onclulees  sont  beaucoup  plus 
espacees,  plus  etroites,  et  se  contingent  dam  toute  la  longueur  de 
Ja  coquille.  ^ .  "  *  * ' '  ^  ^°^  /fc^^»  ^^^  .  C/^77  £/,  ^ ,  /' ' 
Y  /  /Ut,  /<*<  .V't,/**7/  iliif'i  {  '  \ 

2.   TORKTA TELIjE   MOUCHETEE.  Tornatdla  solidula,RRVG. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  FAVAIVNE,  Conch,  pi.  65,  fig.  p.  2. 
Pi.  i.  fig,  2, 


T.  testa  crassa,  ovato-oblonga,  cylindrica,  transversim  slriata,  inaculis  oblongis, 
fuscis  et  rufulis  •  spira  conico-acula  5  apertura  oblonga  j  columella  biplicat^  ,  plica 
majore  bilohd. 

Coquille  epaisse ,  ovale^  oblongue^  cylindrique  j  des  stries 
transversales  pen  profondes  traversees  par  des  taches  oblon- 
gues  bnmes.,  et  souvent  entremelees  d'autres  taches  rous- 
satres,,  principalement  stir  les  tours  de  spire ;  une  bande 
blanche  ctroite  entoure,  vers  le  miUeu^  le  dernier  tour  de 
la  coquille.  Spire  conique  pointue;  ouverture  oblongue  y  re- 
trecie ,  un  pcu  comprimee  vers  le  tiers  de  sa  partie  supe- 
rieure,,  et  se  dilatant  a  sa  partie  inferieure.  Deux  plis  a  la 
columelle  y  separes  par  une  echancriire  demi-  circulaire 
a^sez  profonde  y  le  plus  grand  bilobe. 

Long.    i5  lig.    Larg.  6  lig. 

Habile   rOcean  Indien. 

Cette  espece,  commune  dans  les  collections,  est  bien  diffe- 
rente  de  la  precedente,  par  sa  forme  cylindrique  et  les  deux  plis 
sur  la  columelle,  dont  un  est  bilobe;  il  existe  une  variete  dont  la 
coquille  est  constamment  plus  petite;  elle  est  blanche  ou  rousse 
avec  des  taches  jaunatres  sur  tous  les  tours  de  spire;  le  premier  pli 
de  la  columelle  est  aussi  plus  visible  quc  dans  la  variete  ordinaire. 


GENRE    TOKNATELLE. 


5.   TORNATELLE  IfASCIEE     Tornateila  fasciata  ,  DRUG. 

Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  LIST.,  Conch,  t.  835,  fig.  58. 

WjR.j       _.      .    J 

s- 


Testa"  ovato-conica,  tenui  ,  subperlucidci,  rufo-rubenle  ,  albo-bifasciata'  ;  spiia* 
exertd  ,  acutd  5  columelid  uniplicala. 

Goquille  conique  •,  ovale,  mince  y  subtransparente  ,  rous- 
satre,  couverte  de  stries  transverses  nombreuses  et  ser- 
rees  ;  celles  placees  a  la  base  du  dernier  tour  sont  plus 
profondes  et  plus  ecartees  que  les  autres  ;  une  bande  blanche 
existe  a  la  base  de  chaqiie  tour  de  spire  ,  et  deux  autres  tres 
prononcees  surle  dernier  tour  de  la  coquille.  Spire  saillante., 
pointue  ;  ouverture  oblongue  ,  retrecie  a  sa  partie  supe- 
rieure  ;  un  pli  a  la  columelle. 

Long.    1  1  lig.  Larg.  5  lig. 
Habile  la  Mediterranee  et  1'Ocean  Europeen.    $***• 

Cette  espece  est  tres  remarquable  par  la  finesse  des  stries  ,  et  par 
les  bandes  blanches  qui  la  distinguent  de  toutes  les  autres  especes. 

4.   TOaKTATSLLE   BUI.Z.E.  Tornateila  bullata  ,  NOBIS. 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  LIST.  Conch,  pi.  714* 

PI.  i.  fig.  4- 

Testa    parva  ,    oblong^  ,    cylindrical  ,  albo  diaphana  ,  transversim  tenuissinie 
striata  •  spira  brevi,  conica  5  a|»erlura  oblouga  ,  angust5  ;  columelid  uniplicatS. 

Coqiulle  petite^  oblongue  ,  cylindrique,  d'un  blanc  dia- 
pbane;  des  stries  transversales  tres  fines  et  tres  serrees 
sur  toute  la  coquille.  Spire  courte,  conique,,  composee 
de  cinq  tours  dont  les  sutures  sont  canaliculees.  Ouverture 
oblongue,  etroite  dans  les  deux  tiers  de  sa  partie  supe- 
rieure  et  se  dilatant  a  sa  base.  Lcvre  mince,  arrondic  , 


6  GENRE    TOP.NATELI.E. 

echancree  a  sa  partie  superieure  a  sa  reunion  avec  le  Lord 
gauche.  Un  pli  a  la  columelle. 

Long.  4  lig.  1/2.  Larg.  i  lig.  3/4- 
Habile  les  mers  des   Indes. 

Cette  jolie  petite  espece  assez  commune,  est  tres  remarquable 
parsapetitesse,  sa  couleur  blanche  transparent  e  et  ses  stries  extre- 
mement  fines  ;  sa  forme  la  rapproche  de  celle  de  plusieurs  bulles. 

5.   TORNATELLE   LU1SANTE     Tornatella  niddula  ,  LAM. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)  Encyclop.  ,  pi.  4^2-»  &Q   2  >  a>  b« 


Testa*  crassa*,  ovato-oblonga,  albo-rosea,  nitiduia  ;  spira  brevi  ,  acuta  ;  columcl\d 
biplioalS. 

Coquille  epaisse^  ovale^  oblongue,  lisse^  (Tun  blanc 
rose  y  des  stries  transverses  en  nombre  variable  a  la  base  du 
dernier  tour  j  spire  courte.,  pointue  ausommet^  composee 
de  six  a  sept  tours  tres  rapproches  ;  ouverture  oblongue^ 
etroite,  un  peu  evasee  a  sa  base;  bord  droit,,  epaissi  a 
1'interieur^  h'sse  et  tran  chant  dans  toute  son  etendue.  Deux 
plis  a  la  columelle  qui  est  epaisse;  de  ces  deux  plis  Fin- 
ferieur  est  le  plus  gros  et  est  subquadrangulaire  ,  le  su- 
perieur  qui  est  beaucoup  plus  petit  est  separe  de  Tautre 
par  une  echancrure  demi-circulaire  tres  profonde. 

Long.  9  lig.  Larg.  5  lig. 

Habile  les  mers  de  Tile  de  France  et  de  la  Nouvelle- 
Hollande. 

Cette  espece  est  tres  commune.  Elle  se  distingue  des  aulres 
par  sa  spire  courte  et  tres  effilee,  et  par  la  grosseur  de  son  der- 
nier pli. 


'.   -,    <„-,-  A 


/.        f     • 


i*x«  <  .'  '       /w  v<nu.,  >'•/    vt*f,  i    .  .  ?,j/r, 

(    <   '    f  ,.;./,  \  i  '"/; 

Kd      (,,«,/.        \  .    '     , 

yJKjUlAr*          (    '"•    /       •  A   ./     ^r/,  -'      ,,'/.  /<54      /••/   /(', 

/"'       r  / 

(JKA        ,    ,-r7    ,-C/i          /,,/   A'      '     ^./     ^, 
,     /I  i.  '-          ^   r-    /  ^      /      ^/    y,       ./,    >(,      /u,    [£. 

<          '  !  I, 

,      i  ;-     f,    i    /.  •' ,*(    ,  ^(7/,   . 

,  •''^/  •    ;       /  '  *  /'  ,Af#*,/./tfj 

^  ft  •      /H.^',,, 


x,  ;<  i 


,      ^    e"  F  ,    /  '      f  ',      /.r^ 

/  [*,  ,  -%,/",  (./n.  ,  /  ;./V  /  frt-tjJ 

&Jbi    ,  //«.>/*<<  ,     I  i"  I '        '         ''/, 


/.,    t/i       ^   to.**4A&     ,    -       f  ,  /''    /•'        /''f/^    v    A    «/,y,    /.t>7/,   /^-  >   '      X^    ' 

^    /         /   '  /    '     /— 

lPg*«  v      I    tlf^         A  k-  ,-.  ,  /    QUWM 

"I          '  /  /  /  / 

Ji    ',   /.'-»,-/,<'/'.  ,  /(«<•<     rr'.  /.     .^^1,  rJ ,J ,  r  .^('^  /, 

™+h     I  u    , .'r,        •   ,  /  '.  /A  ,  //0*y/2 

,  ^w    '  /  /'    , 


' 


s    - 


Kfa  ,i  f.,  i      k  /.  * .:, 


TOKNATELLE9 


i.    Torn,    Broeard  3.     Torn .  laso.oo 

ft.   Torn.    Moiu'holoo  4-      1  «>'»» 

!>  .  Torn    l.msanlo  . 


GENUS    PYRAMIDELLA,    LAMARCK. 


THE     PYRAMIDELLA. 


Testa  turrita,  conico-elongata,  epidermide  destituted.  Apertura  Integra, 
semi-ovalis ;  labro  acuto.  Columella  basi  producta,  subperforatA ;  plicis 
tribus  transversis.  Operculum  corneum. 

Shell  turreted,  conical,  elongated,  slightly  striated,  destitute 
of  epidermis.  Aperture  entire,  semi-oval,  widened  at  its  base, 
lip  inferiorly  sub-perforated,  and  with  three  transverse  folds. 
Operculum  horny,  thin,  ovate,  elongated,  elements  very  fine, 
and  folds  oblique. 

Animal  having  a  head  surmounted  by  broad,  rather  long 
tentaculae,  formed  like  a  pointed  horn,  and  open  on  the  side. 
The  mouth  situated  in  a  flattened,  wide,  dilated,  and  quite 
deeply  two-lobed  muzzle,  separated  from  the  foot  by  a  groove. 
The  respiratory  cavity  open  throughout  the  whole  length  of 
the  mantle,  bearing  on  its  right  margin  a  long  and  narrow 
branchia.  The  heart  has  a  direction  from  right  to  left.  The 
rectum  and  uterus  are  attached  to  each  other  along  the  bran- 
chiae, and  terminate  in  an  ear-shaped  gutter,  produced  by  the 
margin  of  the  mantle.  The  mucous  follicles  line  the  upper 
wall  of  the  cavity.  The  foot  is  round,  without  a  marginal 
furrow,  passing  down  before  in  form  of  an  ear-shaped  shield, 
and  bearing  posteriorly  a  membranous  operculum,  with  laminae 
destitute  of  a  spire,  which  possesses  one  or  two  notches  to  slip 
upon  the  folds  of  the  columella. 
Pyramidella.  A 


2  GENUS      PYRAMIDELLA. 

Quoy  and  Gaimard,  to  whom  we  are  indebted  for  a  knowledge 
of  these  animals,  suppose  that  they  have  the  sexes  united  in  an 
incomplete  hermaphroditisrn  ;  these  writers  have  not  been  able, 
satisfactorily,  to  examine  the  organs  of  generation. 

The  general  color  of  the  body  of  these  mollusca,  is  of  a  dull 
white.  The  operculum  only,  and  the  edge  of  the  mantle  are 
yellowish. 

Lamarck,  in  his  Histoire  des  Animaux  sans  vertebres  (1801), 
first  formed  the  genus  PYRAMIDELLA  from  the  TROCHUS  dola- 
bratus  of  Linnasus,  and  the  BULIMUS  terebellum  of  Bruguiere  ; 
he  placed  it  between  MELANIA  and  AURICULA,  considering  the 
species  which  composed  it,  as  fresh  water  shells.  Some  years 
after  he  suppressed  this  genus,  and  again  re-established  it  in 
the  compendium  of  his  course  in  1811  ;  but  during  the  inter- 
val elapsing  between  these  two  periods,  De  Roissy  and  Montfort 
had  retained  and  admitted  it,  one  in  Sonnini's  Buffon,  the  other 
in  his  Conchy liologie  Systematise ;  and  when,  in  1811,  La- 
marck, after  a  more  mature  examination,  coincided  with  them, 
or  rather  acknowledged  the  justness  of  his  first  opinion,  he 
approximated  the  genus  TORNATELLA  to  the  PYRAMIDELLA,  and 
thence  formed  a  family  under  the  name  of  PLICACEJL;  the 
analogies  which  he  found  between  these  two  genera,  by  blending 
them,  induced  him  to  place  them  near  to  the  MACRO STOMJE 
and  the  SCALJ1RIJE ;  this  little  family  has  appeared  established 
so  naturally,  that  it  has  remained  almost  unmodified,  in  the 
principal  systems  published  since  that  time. 

Cuvier,  in  the  first  edition  of  his  Regne  Animal,  placed  the 
shells  of  this  genus  in  the  family  of  the  AURICULJE;  this  decision 
was  followed  by  Ferussac,  in  his  Tableau  systematique ;  but  in 
the  second  edition  of  the  Regne  Animal,  its  illustrious  author 
concurs  with  the  opinion  of  Lamarck,  in  bringing  these  two 
genera  into  the  family  PECTINIBRANCHIATA,  among  the 
MELANUE  and  the  JANTHINJE. 

Blainville,  Traite  de  Malacologie,  p.  453,  arranges  them 
among  his  J1URICULJE,  and  has  not  adopted  the  division  PLI 
CJLCEJL  of  Lamarck  ;  but,  afterwards,  becoming  acquainted  with 
the  operculum  of  the  animal  of  the  TORNATELLA,  this  writer 
judged  that  it  ought  no  longer  to  hold  the  place  which  he  had  at 
first  assigned  it,  without,  however,  pointing  out  another.  In  fact, 


GENUS      PYRAMIDELLA.  3 

this  mollusk  differs  essentially  from  the  animal  of  the  AURICULA, 
by  the  presence  of  the  operculum,  which  we  have  just  mention- 
ed, and  by  the  situation  of  the  pulmonary  organ,  which  is  a  true 
branchia ;  nevertheless,  in  other  respects,  the  characters  of  the 
shell  have  the  greatest  analogy  with  some  specimens  of  this  last 
family. 

Sowerby,  in  his  Genera,  proposes  to  bring  back  to  the  PY- 
RAMIDELLA, several  species  of  shells,  some  of  which  are  com- 
prised among  the  AURICULAE  ;  I  am  not  of  the  opinion  of  this 
author ;  these  species  do  not  appear  to  me  to  unite  the  charac- 
ters observed  in  the  genus  which  I  have  just  described.  As  to 
the  number  of  folds,  which  he  supposes  to  vary,  I  have  always 
found  the  same  in  all  the  specimens  I  have  been  able  to  examine ; 
and  the  folds  upon  the  columella,  being  a  distinctive  character 
in  this  genus,  it  does  not  appear  consistent  to  admit  shells 
which  are  destitute  of  them.  Besides,  what  appears  to  me  un- 
answerably to  establish  an  exact  distinction  between  these  differ- 
ent shells,  those  of  the  family  PLICJ1CEJ1  are  marine  and  oper- 
culated,  while  the  others,  on  the  contrary,  live  in  fresh  water, 
and  are  destitute  of  an  operculum. 

The  species  of  the  genus  PYRAMIDELLA  are  not  numerous. 
The  shells  are  generally  quite  small,  of  an  elegant  form,  elon- 
gated, marked  with  more  or  less  deep  spots.  The  animals  are 
very  timid.  No  species  has  as  yet  been  met  with  in  our  seas. 
They  appear  to  live  in  those  of  India,  and  upon  the  coasts  of 
Africa. 

1.  PYRAMIDELLA  TEREBELLUM,  LAM.     The  Gimlet  Py- 
^  ,       ,  ramidella.  n     f.fJ^jfTj 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  Conch.,  t.  844,  fig.  72. 

J  /k&,  *&5h{£ . 

PL  I,  fig.  2,  et  fig.  3  Pomted.^^  &^£& 
P.  testA  conico-turrita,  umbilicata,  laevi,  alba,  lineis  rufis  cincta  ;  colu- 
mella recurva ;  labro  inttis  laevigato. 

Shell  conical,  turreted,  polished,  elongated,  slightly  transpa- 
rent, white,  beautifully  adorned  with  transverse  reddish  or 
brown  bands,  three  in  number  upon  each  whirl,  and  four  or 
five  upon  the  lowest,  which  is  more  inflated ;  the  middle  band 


GENUS      P YR AM IDELLA. 


is  always  narrowest  ;  the  others  are  wider  and  deeper  colored. 
Spire  pointed,  composed  of  from  ten  to  twelve  distinct  whirls, 
smooth,  slightly  convex.  Aperture  ovate,  sub-rotund  at  its 
base,  and  generally  marked  within,  with  very  prominent  ridges 
continued  upon  some  specimens  even  to  the  edge  of  the  right 
lip,  which  is  sharp  ;  columella  slightly  arcuated,  recurved 
around  the  umbilicus  ;  it  is  furnished  at  its  base  with  three 
folds,  the  upper  of  which  is  more  prominent  than  the  others. 
Umbilicus  small,  cylindrical,  narrow  and  deep. 

Length  16  lines.     Width  7  lines. 
Inhabits  the  American  seas  among  the  Antilles. 

We  find  in  this  species  some  variations  of  color.  Some  shells 
are  violet  with  all  the  bands  brown,  others  are  of  a  dull  white, 
with  narrower  and  less  numerous  lines.  With  Deshayes  we 
think  the  PYRAMIDELLA  dolabratum  a  very  old  terebettum  of  La- 
marck ;  for  it  differs  from  that  only  by  the  ridges  which  are 
found  at  the  internal  part  of  its  left  lip,  so  that  if  the  edge  of  the 
lip  happens  to  be  broken,  this  edge  has  the  appearance  of  being 
denticulated;  it  is  this  accident  alone,  frequently  occurring, 
which  has  caused  the  separation  of  these  two  species  ;  for  in  the 
specimens  remaining  perfect,  the  folds  are  seen  only  within  the 
aperture.  Very  old  specimens  have  also  the  folds  of  the  colu- 
mella strongly  marked.  In  other  respects  there  is  a  perfect 
similarity  in  the  characters  of  the  two  species. 


2.  PYRAMIDELLA    VENTRICOSA,   Quov    et    GAIM.      The 
Swollen  Pyramided 


(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.) 
PI.  I,  fig.  l. 

P.  testa  ovato-turrita,  ventricosa,  apice  acuta  ;  anfractibus  convexius- 
culis,  lineis  longitudinalibus  rufescentibus  vel  fuscescentibus  undulatlm 
ornatis,  ultimo  ventricosiusculo  j  apertura  ovata,  albida. 

Shell  ovate,  turreted,  polished,  pointed  at  its  summit, 
indistinctly  striated  in  its  whole  length  ;  spire  composed  of  ten 
slightly  convex  whirls,  the  last  a  little  swollen  and  whitish  ;  all 


GENUS      PYRAMIDELLA.  5 

are  adorned  with  longitudinal,  undulated,  reddish,  or  brown 
lines,  quite  near  together ;  wide,  brown  spots  often  partially 
cover  them,  a  line  equally  brown  passes  over  each  whirl ;  upon 
the  lowest  are  found  three  others,  which  sometimes  form 
quite  large  bands  of  the  same  color.  The  sutures  are  slightly 
canaliculated.  Aperture  ovate,  whitish,  marked  likewise,  with 
a  few  brown  lines  towards  the  depth  of  the  cavity,  exhibiting 
pretty  distinct  furrows.  Right  lip  thin,  terminated  below  by 
a  small  canal,  at  its  union  with  the  columella,  which  is  slightly 
arcuated,  with  three  folds  at  its  base,  the  first  very  prominent. 
Umbilicus  indistinctly  marked.  From  the  base  juts  out  a 
round  fold,  which  is  seen  to  turn  in  a  spiral  manner  in  the 
umbilicus.  Operculum  ovate,  membranous,  its  laminae  not 
spiral,  having  one  or  two  notches  to  receive  the  folds  of  the 
columella. 

Length  15  lines.     Width  6  lines. 

Inhabits  the  island  of  Vanikoro,  where  it  is  found  in  great 
abundance. 

It  is  to  Q,uoy  and  Gaimard  that  conchologists  owe  a  know- 
ledge of  this  species,  which  is  remarkable  for  the  distribution  of 
its  longitudinal  lines.  I  suppose  that  the  PYRAMIDELLA  fasciata 
of  Fefussac  must.belong  to  the  species  I  have  just  described,  but 
in  an  injured  state ;  upon  that  specimen,  transverse  bands  only 
are  perceptible. 


3.  PYRAMIDELLA  PLICATA,  LAM.    The  Plaited  Pyramidella. 
(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  pi.  577,  fig.  32,  a. 


Pi.  I,  fig.  4 

P.  testa  ovato-oblonga,  solida,  longitudinaliter  plicata,  alba,  punctis  rufis 
seriatim  cincta  ;  plicis  laevibus  ;  interstitiis  transverse  striatis;  ultimo  an- 
fractu  spira  turgidula  breviore. 

Shell  ovate,  elongated,  solid  ;  spire  pointed,  composed  of 
ten  or  eleven  slightly  convex  whirls,  distinct  and  separated  by  a 
narrow  scaffolding  accompanying  the  suture,  which  is  somewhat 


(5  GENUS     PYRAMIDELLA. 

undulated.  The  lowest  whirl  is  almost  as  large  as  all  the 
others  together :  all  are  ornamented  with  numerous  projecting 
longitudinal  folds  or  ridges,  extremely  regular,  often  terminated 
at  their  summit  by  a  small  tubercle  ;  between  the  spaces  of 
the  ridges  are  observed  fine  transverse  striae.  The  coloring  of 
this  shell  is  whitish,  it  is  ornamented  with  reddish  spots  ar- 
ranged in  transverse  series,  almost  always  united,  and  forming 
three  bands  upon  the  upper  whirls,  and  five  upon  the  lower ; 
upon  this  is  often  seen  also,  a  large  brown  and  irregular  blotch. 
Aperture  ovate,  elongated,  narrow,  and  slightly  oblique.  Right 
lip  thick,  white,  forming  a  little  gutter  at  the  base  ;  columella 
imperforate  at  its  lower  extremity,  oblique,  bearing  three  une- 
qual folds :  the  first  more  prominent,  is  horizontal,  thin,  and 
sharp ;  the  two  others  are  oblique  and  smaller. 

Length  11  lines.     Width  4  lines. 

Inhabits  the  seas  of  the  Isle  of  France,  and  the  Isle  of 
Vanikoro. 

This  very  beautiful  little  PYRAMIDELLA,  is  remarkable  for  its 
longitudinal  ribs. 

4.  PYRAMIDELLA  CORRUGATA,  LAM.     The  Wrinkled  Py- 

ramidella.  /;     ^^  ^  £, 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.) 
Pi.  II,  fig.  6. 

P.  testa  elongato-turrita,  gracili,  longitudinaliter  plicata,  alba,  prope 
suturas  punctis  luteis  raris  picta  ;  ultimo  anfractu  spira  multo  breviore. 

Shell  elongated,  tutfeted,  slender,  white,  with  some  scattered 
yellowish  spots  ;  spire  pointed,  formed  of  nine  or  ten  slightly 
convex  whirls,  the  surface  of  which  is  covered  with  longitudinal 
folds,  also  convex,  very  distinct,  smooth,  numerous,  regular, 
prolonged  even  to  the  summit  of  the  whirls,  and  accompanied 
with  some  small,  scattered,  yellowish  spots  ;  numerous  com- 
pressed tranverse  striae  are  found  between  the  folds.  The 
suture  is  linear.  Aperture  narrow,  ovate,  elongated,  slightly 
narrowed  at  its  extremities  ;  it  forms  at  its  base  a  little  depres- 


\ 


GENUS     PYRAMIDELLA. 


sion  in  an  oblique  canal.  The  lip  is  thin  and  arcuated.  The 
colurnella  is  imperforate  at  its  base ;  it  is  slightly  arcuated, 
thin,  furnished  with  three  folds,  the  first  more  strongly  marked 
than  the  others,  which  are  a  little  oblique. 

Length  9  lines.     Width  4  lines. 
Inhabits  the  seas  of  the  Isle  of  France. 

This  little  shell  and  the  preceding,  have  so  constant  an  anal- 
ogy, that  they  should  be  considered  as  the  same  species ;  that 
which  we  have  just  described,  is  a  variety  of  the  plicata,  differing 
from  it  only  in  its  coloring,  which  is  wholly  white,  and  by  its 
narrower  and  slenderer  form. 

5.  PYRAMIDELLA    MACULOSA,   LAM.     The  Spotted  Pyra-^ 

midella.  )f     (ft  fi,  £~~{j  %  Jt?  $  *~~ 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     LIST.,  pi.  844,  fig. 

PI.  II,  fig.  5,  et  5  a,  young. 
P.  testa  turrito-subulata,  longitudinaliter  striata,  albida,  maculis  punctisque 
rufis  sparslm  picta ;  anfractibus  numerosis ;  ultimo  spira  multo  breviore. 

Shell  elongated,  turreted,  brilliant,  pointed  at  its  summit, 
slightly  widened  at  its  base,  of  a  grayish  white  color,  sometimes 
inclining  to  red,  spotted  with  numerous  brown  spots  arranged 
in  transverse  series,  three  in  number  upon  each  whirl,  and  five 
upon  the  lower ;  upon  its  surface  are  seen  large,  brown,  dull, 
and  irregular  spots  ;  sometimes  the  points  which  adorn  the  shell 
are  united,  and  form  undulating,  longitudinal  lines  ;  spire  formed 
of  fifteen  or  sixteen  slightly  convex,  distinct  whirls ;  suture 
linear,  shallow.  The  lowest  whirl  is  short,  and  not  perforated 
at  the  base.  Aperture  small,  sub-ovate,  and  at  its  depth  are 
seen  indistinct  grooves  ;  it  is  terminated  at  its  base  by  a  small, 
narrow,  and  shallow  groove.  The  colurnella  is  somewhat  ar- 
cuated, and  presents  three  unequal  folds  towards  the  base :  the 
first  is  most  projecting,  and  runs  almost  horizontally  ;  the  two 
others  are  small,  oblique,  and  parallel.  Right  lip  arcuated, 
thin,  sharp,  slightly  convex. 

Length  20  lines.     Width  7  lines. 


g  GENUS      PYR AMIDELLA. 

Inhabits  the  Pacific  ocean,  the  Isle  of  France,  the  Isle  of 
Vanikoro. 

Young  specimens  of  this  species  are  very  slightly  striated,  and 
of  a  reddish  color  ;  undulating  lines  and  brown  spots,  distributed 
here  and  there,  cover  the  shell.  Some  specimens  are  of  a  still 
redder  color,  and  the  points  upon  the  shell  are  then  more 
numerous,  and  of  a  deeper  tint. 

6.  PYRAMIDELL-A  GRACIL.IS,  BROCCHI.     The  Slender  Pyra- 

midella. 

(Collect,  du  Museum.)     BROCCHI,  Conch.,  subapp.,  pi.  6, 
fig.  6,  a-b. 

Pi.  II,  fig.  7. 

P.  testa  cylindrica,  angusta,  apice  acutissima,  nitida,  albida  ;  spira  elon- 
gata;  anfractibus  convexiusculis,  frequentibus  ;  suturci  simplici,  depressa  ; 
apertura  parva,  oblonga. 

Shell  cylindrical,  narrow,  very  pointed  at  its  summit,  slender, 
turreted,  brilliant,  whitish,  slightly  striated  longitudinally ;  spire 
elongated,  and  formed  of  fifteen  or  sixteen  somewhat  distinct, 
approximate,  convex  whirls ;  the  lowest  divided  at  its  middle  by 
a  transverse,  narrow,  shallow  stria.  Suture  simple,  indistinctly 
channeled  and  flattened.  Aperture  small,  oblong,  a  little  nar- 
rowed at  its  extremities.  Columella  almost  straight,  a  little 
turreted  at  its  base,  and  provided  with  three  folds,  the  first  of 
which  is  more  marked.  Right  lip  thin,  sharp,  obliquely  sinu- 
ous in  the  middle  of  its  length  ;  its  lower  extremity  extends  a 
little  beyond  the  columella,  and  forms  in  this  part  a  shallow 
contraction  or  little  gutter. 

Length  10  lines.     Width  3  lines. 
Inhabits 

This  pretty  little  species,  one  of  the  most  cylindrical  of  the 
genus,  has  some  resemblance  in  its  form  to  the  PYRAMIDELLA 
maculosa.  Ferussac  refers  this  living  species  to  the  fossil  shell 
figured  by  Brocchi,  t.  2,  p.  282,  tab.  6,  fig.  6,  under  the  name  of 
TURBO  gracilis,  and  which  is  found  at  Saint  Just,  near  Valterra, 
in  the  south  of  France. 


//  j   t«  , 

I    ^  '•    ,  I    '  ((  "I*  UX*  » 


fr   /  -    ^ 


,// '.*''/   L  /v/A 

^-,  / .  ^       .         / 


, 


---     ^  n  -/,.  .          /    ,  /  ,   .  /,/ 

/ 

/  "••  - 


' 


rl 

NUMBER  4.  JANUARY,  1842. 


A 

MONOGRAPH 

OF  THE 

LIMNIADES 

OR 

FRESHWATER  UNIVALVE  SHELLS 


OF 


NORTH  AMERICA. 
BY  S.  STEHMAN  HALDEMAN, 

MEMBER  OF  THE  PHILADELPHIA  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES. 


CONTENTS. 

LlMNEA  ELODES,  ....  PLATE   6. 

„        UMBROSA,     -  ...  ,,7. 

„       REFLEXA,  ....  j,          8. 

,,        ATTENUATA,  -  ,,9. 

,,        EXPANSA,  ...  })         — 

DESIDIOSA,  ...  10. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

PUBLISHED  FOR  THE  AUTHOR  BY  J.  DOBSON,  106  CHESNUT  ST.— 

PARIS:  J.  B.  BAILLIERE  RUE  DE  L'ECOLE  DE  MEDICINE,  17. — 

LONDON:  H.  BAILLIERE,  219  REGENT  STREET. 

E.  G.  Dorset/,  Printer. 


— -—  -Hfc 

Price  to  subscribers,  $1  a  number,  of  5  plates,  and  one  sheet  of  letter- 
press, payable  on  the  delivery  of  each.    Single  numbers,  $1  25. 


SUBSCRIBERS.* 


BATNBRIDGE,  Pa. 
Breneman,  John  S. 
Haldeman,  Edwin,  M.  D. 
Haldeman,  Horace 
Haldeman,  John 
Haldeman,  Mrs.  M.  A. 

BOSTON,  Mass. 
Bass,  Seth.  M.  D., 
Binney,  Amos,  Esq.  M.  D. 
Emerson,  Geo.  B.,  Esq.,  P.  B.  S. 
Gould,  Augustus  A.,  M.  D. 
Parker,  Henry  T. 
Whittemore,  T.  J. 

BURLINGTON,  Vt. 
Benedict,  Prof.  George  W. 

CHARLESTON,  S.  C. 
Dickson,  Prof.  Samuel  Henry 
Frost,  Prof.  Henry  R. 
Holbrook,  Prof.  J.  E. 
Moult  rie,  Prof.  James 

CINCINNATI,  Ohio. 
Anthony,  John  G. 
Buchanan,  Robert 
Foote,  John  P. 
Kirtland,  Prof.  J.  P.,  M.  D. 
Lea,  Thomas  G. 

COLUMBIA,  Pa. 
Cooper,  Israel 
Cooper,  John 
Cottrell,  J.  W. 
Goheen,  Rev.  D. 
Green,  Evan 
Haldeman,  C. 
Haldeman,  Peter 
Houston,  J.  Fredk.,  C.  E. 
Lycseum. 
Markley,  Jacob  F. 
M'Farland,  Rev.  James  H. 
Russell,  William 
Shoch,  Samuel 

FRANKFURT  AM  MAYN. 
Ruppell,  Dr.  Edward 

HARRISBURG,  Pa. 
Bucher,  George  H. 
Bucher,  the  Hon.  J.  C. 
Haldeman,  Jacob  M. 
Kingsford,  Mrs.  M. 
Roberts,  E.  W.,  M.  D. 

LANCASTER,  Pa. 
Atlee,  Washington  L.,  M.  D. 
Damant,  James 
Parry,  Ely,  M.  D. 


LONDON,  Eng. 
Sowerby,  G.  B. 
Charles  worth,  Edward,  F.  G.  S. 

MARIETTA,  Pa. 
Glatz,  Jacob,  M.  D. 
Grosh,  Jacob 
Reinhardt,  J.  C.,  M.  D. 

MOUNTJOY,  Pa. 
Dodge,  Rev.  N. 
Heistand,  J.  D, 

NEW  YORK. 
Cozzens,  I. 
Jay,  J.  C.,  M.  D. 
Trudeau,  James^  M.  D. 

PHILADELPHIA. 
Allen,  Robert 
Blanding,  William,  M.  D. 
Conrad,  T.  A. 
Dietz,  A.  R. 
Dunn,  Nathan 
Elwyn,  A.  A.,  M.  D. 
Frazer,  Prof.  John  F. 
Giller,  John  U. 
Green,  Prof.  J.,  M.  D. 
Gross,  George 
Hacker,  W:  P. 
Hallowell,  E.,  M.  D. 
Hembel,  Wm.,  Esq.,  P.  A.  N.  S. 
Lea,  Isaac 

Maberry,  Thomas  C. 
Markoe,  F..  jr. 
Mayland,  Jacob,  jr. 
Moore,  Carlton  R. 
Morton,  Prof.  S.  G.,  M.  D. 
Nuttall,  Thomas,  F.L.  S. 
Phillips,  John  S. 
Platt,  Franklin  R. 
Poulson,  Charles  A. 
Tanner,  Benjamin 
Taylor,  Amos 
Townsend,  John  K. 
Wagner,  Wm. 
Wistar,  Richard 

Adams,  Prof.  C.  B.,  Middlebury 
College,  Vt. 

Evans,  John,  Delaware  Co.,  Pa. 

Mifflin,  S.  W.,  C.  E.,  Hybla, 
York  Co.,  Pa. 

Ward,  C.  J.,  M.  D.,  Roscoe, 
Ohio. 

PENDLETON,  la. 
Fussell,  Edwin,  M.  D. 


LIMNEA  JUGULARIS.  17 

GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION.  Lakes  in  New 
York,  Michigan,  North-west  Territory,  (fig.  2.) 
and  Lewis's  river,  Oregon,  (fig.  L) 

OBSERVATIONS. 

The  shell  of  this  species  bears  a  very  close 
resemblance  to  that  of  L.  stagnalis,  but  may 
be  distinguished  by  the  want  of  the  prominent 
shoulder  to  the  whirls,  which  is  so  conspicuous 
in  that  species.  A  single  monstrous  individual, 
presented  to  Academy's  collection  by  Mr. 
Nuttall,  has,  however,  a  well  developed  shoulder. 
The  surface  of  Stagnalis  has  a  tendency  to 
form  facets,  which  is  not  the  case  with  Jugu- 
laris;  nor  has  it  the  spiral  striae  quite  as  evi- 
dent; a  character  still  better  developed  in  L. 
appressa.  The  revolution  of  the  edge  of  the 
columella  leaves  a  conical  open  axis,  of  about 
equal  size  in  both  species  (but  narrower  in  L. 
appressa)  which  admits  of  a  view  far  into  the 
shell.  Both  species  agree  remarkably  well  in 
the  colour,  texture,  and  translucency  of  the 
shells. 


j  3 


18 
LIMNEA  APPRESSA,  Say. 

PLATE  5. 

L.  testa  magna,  elongata,  pallida,  tenui,  laevi,  transver- 
sim  minutissime  striata,  apice  subacuto:  anfractibus  6, 
subconvexis:  apertura  ovata. 

SYNONYMS  AND  REFERENCES. 

LYMNEUS  APPRESSUS,  SAY.     Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  vol. 

ii.  p.  168. 
L.   SPECIOSUS,   ZEIGL.,   ROSSM^ESSLER,    Iconog.,   pi.   2, 

fig.  50. 

DESCRIPTION. 

"SHELL  elongated  ventricose:  volutions  6: 
spire  regularly  attenuated  to  an  acute  tip, 
rather  shorter  than  the  aperture:  body  whirl 
dilated,  proportionally  large:  aperture  ample, 
columella  with  the  sinus  of  the  fold  profound; 
callus  perfectly  appressed  upon  the  shell,  to  the 
base." — Say. 

COLOR,  pale  ochraceous,  lighter  than  the  pre- 
ceding species,  and  frequently  stained  by  a 
black  foreign  matter. 


LIMNEA  APPRESSA.  19 

GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION.  From  Lake 
Superior  to  New  England,  inclusive.  The 
specimens  figured  were  given  to  me  by  Dr. 
Binney,  who  procured  them  at  Burlington, 
Vermont. 

OBSERVATIONS. 

I  am  not  very  confident  that  this  is  distinct 
from  the  preceding  species;  but  admit  it,  be- 
cause it  is  more  attenuated,  lighter  in  color, 
and  has  the  spiral  striae  better  developed. 

I  cited  Rossmassler's  figure  under  the  pre- 
ceding species,  on  the  strength  of  Gray's  Tur- 
ton;  but  I  am  now  able  (through  the  kindness 
of  my  friend  Dr.  Gould)  to  cite  at  once  from 
the  work  itself;  which  convinces  me  that  Ross- 
rnassler  had  this  species  in  view,  as  his  figure 
and  minute  description  agree  with  it  in  every 
particular. 


20 


LIMNEA  FRAGILIS,  Lin. 

PLATE  6. 

L.  testa  conica,  acuminata,  sub-perforata;  irregulariter 
reticulata,  et  transversim  minutissime  striata:  anfractibus 
6 — 7  convexis:  sutura  impressa. 

SYNONYMS  AND  REFERENCES. 

HELIX  FRAGILIS,  LIN.    BUCCINUM  PALUSTRE,  MULLER. 
LIMNEUS  ELODES,   SAY.     Journal   of    the    Academy  of 

Natural    Sciences,   vol.    ii.    p.    169. — American    Con- 

chology,  pi.  31,  fig.  3,  March  1832. 
L.  PALUSTRIS,  J.  D.  C.   SOWERBY'S   Catalogue  of  Dr. 

Richardson's  Shells,  No.  32. 
LIMNJEA  ELODES,  GOULD.    Invertebrata  of  Massachusetts, 

p.  221,  figs.  146,  147. 
DESHAYE'S  LAMARCK,  vol.  viii.  p.  409. 

DESCRIPTION. 

ANIMAL  fuliginous,  minutely  dotted  with  wax- 
yellow:  central  portion  dark  above;  color  near- 
ly uniform  below:  foot  elliptical,  about  two- 
thirds  the  length  of  the  body  whirl  when 
extended:  tongue  spoon-shaped,  mouth  mar- 
gined in  front  with  a  black  horny  plate  or 
tooth. — Gould. 


LIMNEA  FRAGILIS.  21 

SHELL  oblong-conic,  slightly  umbilicated, 
composed  of  six  convex  whirls,  the  surface  of 
which  is  frequently  marked  with  irregular  ele- 
vated reticulations,  unconnected  with  the  fine 
lines  of  growth,  or  the  very  minute  spiral  lines: 
suture  very  distinct,  but  not  deep:  aperture 
generally  shorter  than  the  spire,  and  sometimes 
having  a  calcareous  rim  within  the  peristome. 

The  characteristic  shell  has  the  irregular 
elevated  lines,  and  convex  whirls,  as  figure  1. 
The  varieties  are  as  follow: 

A.  Smooth,  whirls  convex,  fig.  3. 

B.  Smooth,  whirls  flattened,  figs.  4  and  11. 

C.  Color  dark,  aperture  irregular,  fig.  6. 

D.  Color  light,  aperture  margined,  fig.  7. 

E.  Aperture  simple,  color  dark  brown,  fig.  9. 
The  varieties  D  and  E  have  the  minute  spiral 

lines  very  distinctly  marked,  but  the  irregular 
reticulations  are  wanting:  when  these  are  pre- 
sent, the  surface  is  divided  into  series  of  facets, 
which  have  been  compared  to  those  upon  cut- 
glass. 

COLOR  various  shades  of  brown  and  yellow- 
ish-brown, aperture  frequently  margined  with 
chesnut. 

GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION.     Found  in  the 


22  LIMNEA  FRAGILIS. 

North-west  Territory;  Canada,  as  far  north  as 
Great  Bear  Lake,  and  Maine:  in  Massachu- 
setts, figs.  2,  6,  8,  Dr.  Gould:  New  York  and 
Lake  Erie,  fig.  9:  Ohio,  figs.  1  and  7:  Eastern 
Pennsylvania,  figs.  3,  4,  10,  11,  from  a  spring 
in  Berks  county,  connected  with  the  Schuylkill. 
I  have  a  specimen  li  inches  long,  and  rather 
more  than  half  an  inch  in  diameter,  from  Lewis' 
river,  Oregon,  which  I  refer  to  this  species, 
although  it  is  more  ventricose  than  the  indi- 
viduals we  are  accustomed  to  see. 

OBSERVATIONS. 

I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  Gould  (who  has  given 
an  interesting  account  of  this  species),  for  the 
description  and  drawings  of  the  animal.  Figure 
5  will  give  those  who  are  not  acquainted  with 
the  animals  of  this  family,  an  idea  of  the  form 
of  the  head  and  tentacles. 

Say  remarks  that  his  elodes  "  bears  the  most 
striking  resemblance  to  L.  palustris  of  Europe, 
and  I  am  almost  inclined  to  think  it  a  mere 
variety  of  that  species."  I  unite  the  two,  be- 
cause I  am  unable  to  point  out  any  distinguish- 
ing characters  between  them.  Whether  the 
foreign  shells  are  as  variable  among  themselves 


LIMNEA  FRAGILIS.  23 

as  ours  are,  I  cannot  tell;  but  I  have  specimens 
which,  if  found  here,  would  be  named  elodes 
without  hesitation.  The  respective  soft  parts 
may  differ;  but  until  such  a  difference  be  point- 
ed out,  I  cannot  but  consider  the  two  identical; 
nor  can  I  admit  doubtful  species,  or  those 
nearly  allied  to  others,  upon  a  mere  (so  called) 
specific  character,  unless  a  comparative  character 
be  given  at  the  same  time.  Surely  it  is  not 
unreasonable  to  demand  that  enough  be  given 
to  convey  an  idea  of  proposed  species,  which, 
in  many  cases,  are  difficult  to  identify,  even 
from  figures. 

Mr.  Gray  is  of  opinion  that  the  calcareous 
rim  within  the  peristome  of  certain  Limneae  and 
Planorbes,  is  formed  when  the  waters  they 
inhabit  are  nearly  dried  up;  or  in  winter,  when 
they  are  affected  by  cold — preparatory  to  the 
secretion  of  a  diaphragm  for  their  protection 
at  these  times.*  However  this  may  be,  I  have 
never  observed  the  rim  in  any  other  of  our 
species,  and  only  in  variety  D.  of  this,  whose 
appearance  will  always  distinguish  it,  even 
when  this  character  is  wanting.  This  variety 
has  not  been  hitherto  observed  east  of  the 
Allegany  Mountains. 

*  Turton's  Manual,  p.  231  and  267.     London,  1840. 


24 
LIMNEA  UMBROSA,  Say. 

PLATE  7. 

L.  testa  elongata,  ventricosa,  fusca:  spira  attenuata, 
acuta:  anfractibus  senis,  convexiusculis,  transversim  minu- 
tissime  striatis:  apertura  semicirculari;  labro  repando. 

SYNONYMS  AND  REFERENCES. 

LIMNEUS  ELONGATUS,  SAY.   Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  vol. 

ii.  p.  167. 
LIMKEUS  UMBROSUS,  SAY.     Amer.  Conchology,  pi.  31. 

fig.  1. 

DESCRIPTION. 

Shell  lengthened,  ventricose,  composed  of 
six  slightly  convex  whirls,  of  which  the  anterior 
one  is  somewhat  inflated:  surface  covered  with 
numerous  minute  transverse  spiral  lines:  suture 
oblique,  with  little  depth,  but  well  marked: 
spire  attenuated,  with  the  apex  acute:  fold  on 
the  columella  not  well  marked:  aperture  wide, 
nearly  straight  on  the  inside,  wide  anteriorly; 
less  than  half  the  length  of  the  shell:  body 
whirl  above,  longer  than  half  the  entire  length. 


LIMNEA  UMBROSA.  25 

COLOR  various  shades  of  brown,  or  reddish- 
brown;  sometimes  with  light  longitudinal  lines, 
as  in  figue  6:  the  submargin  of  the  peristome 
is  frequently  chesnut. 

GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION.  "It  inhabits, 
in  considerable  numbers,  the  ponds  and  tranquil 
waters  of  the  Missouri,  in  the  vicinity  of  Council 
Bluff;  and  Dr.  Bigsby  obtained  specimens*  in 
Rainy  lake  and  Seine  river  of  Upper  Canada." 
Found  in  New  York,  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illi- 
nois. 

OBSERVATIONS. 

This  shell  is  more  ventricose  than  in  any  of 
the  allied  species,  and  the  fold  upon  the  colu- 
mella  is  liable  to  considerable  variation,  being 
well  marked  in  some  individuals,  and  nearly 
obsolete  in  others.  In  some  shells  the  apex  is 
much  elevated  (the  shell  being  in  the  normal 
position)  because  the  plane  of  the  aperture 
forms  a  large  angle  with  the  axis.  Figures 
2  and  7  represent  this  character  largely  de- 
veloped. 

The  name  first  given  to  this  species  by  Say 
was  preoccupied,  which  led  him  to  redescribe 
it  under  the  one  by  which  it  has  since  been 
known. 

j  4 


26 
LIMNEA  REFLEXA,  Say. 

PLATE  8. 

L.  testa  elongata,  tenui,  fusca;  longitudinaliter  striata: 
apice  acuto:  anfractibus  7  convexiusculis:  sutura  impressa, 
obliquissima:  apertura  elongata:  lamina  columellari  crassa 
et  laxa. 

SYNONYMS  AND  REFERENCES. 

LIMNEUS  REFLEXUS,  SAY.   Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  vol.  ii. 

p.  167. — American  Conchology,  pi.  31,  fig.  2. 
LIMN^EA  PALUSTRIS,  var.  distortus,  ROSSMASSLER.    Icon., 

vol.  i.  p.  97. 
LYMN^EA  EXILIS,  LEA.    Tr.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  (new  series), 

vol.  v.  p.  114,  pi.  xix.  fig.  82. 

DESCRIPTION. 

SHELL  very  long  and  slender,  composed  of 
seven  flattened,  or  slightly  convex  whirls,  with 
exceedingly  minute  transverse  revolving  lines: 
lines  of  growth  distinct,  but  sometimes  very  fine: 
suture  well  marked,  revolving  very  obliquely: 
aperture  oblong  semicircular;  columellar  fold 
slight;  labium  not  quite  in  contact  with  the 
body  whirl  at  any  part,  particularly  anteriorly, 
where  there  is  a  slight  umbilical  fissure. 


LIMNEA  REFLEXA.  27 

COLOR  fulvous,  or  brownish-ochraceous;  the 
inner  submargin  being  frequently  highly  colored 
with  reddish-brown. 

GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION.  Found  in  Supe- 
rior and  Erie  Lakes,  Say:  in  Ohio,  Indiana, 
Illinois,  and  New  York. 

OBSERVATIONS. 

This  and  the  preceding  species  vary  consi- 
derably among  themselves;  and  occasionally 
approach  each  other  in  such  a  manner,  that  it 
is  possible  they  may  be  but  varieties,  however 
characteristic  specimens  (as  figure  1  of  the 
respective  plates)  may  differ.  I  believe  them 
to  be  distinct;  as,  besides  the  general  form,  the 
columellar  fold  is  better  marked  in  L.  umbrosa, 
and  the  labium  is  in  contact  with  the  preceding 
whirl.  Mr.  Lea  gives  the  want  of  appression 
in  the  labium  as  the  distinctive  character  of  his 
L.  exilis;  but  this  character  is  present  in  all  the 
specimens  figured  upon  plate  8,  except  the 
young,  figs.  7,  8.  I  am  indebted  to  Messrs. 
Anthony,  Conradj  and  Olmstead,  for  placing 
the  specimens  figured,  in  my  collection. 


28 


LIMNEA  ATTENUATA,  Say. 

PLATE  9. — FIGS.  1—5. 

L.  test  elongata,  tenuissima,  diaphana,  fragili,  acuta: 
anfractibus  7  planulatis:  sutura  impressa,  obliqua:  aper- 
tura  semicircular!;  plica  columellari  impressa. 

SYNONYMS  AND  REFERENCES. 

LIMNEUS  ATTENUATUS,  SAY.  Disseminator,  p.  244,  Aug. 
12th,  1829. — Mrs.  Say's  reprint,  p.  23. 

DESCRIPTION. 

SHELL  very  long  and  slender,  with  seven 
slightly  convex  whirls,  revolving  obliquely: 
suture  rather  deep:  apex  suddenly  pointed: 
aperture  small  and  semicircular,  sometimes 
expanded:  columellar  plait  well  marked.  The 
young  shell  does  not  differ  materially  from  the 
adult. 

COLOR  wood-brown. 

GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION.  Found  by  Say 
in  the  ditches  and  ponds  about  the  city  of 
Mexico. 


LIMNEA  EXPANSA.  29 

OBSERVATIONS. 

"  This  species  is  more  nearly  related  to  L. 
reflexus,  Nob.,  than  to  any  other  known  species 
of  North  America;  but  it  is  only  necessary  to 
compare  the  two,  in  order  to  perceive  a  wide 
difference  between  them.  The  present  is  smaller 
and  proportionally  more  slender,  and  the  spire 
is  more  attenuated." — Say. 


LIMNEA  EXPANSA,  Raid. 

PLATE  9. — FIGS.  6 — 8. 

L.  testa  inflato-conica,  tenui,  brevi,  diaphana:  apertimt 
lata,  labro  repando:  plica  columellari  profunda. 

SYNONYMS  AND  REFERENCES. 
L.  EXPANSA,  HALD.     In  this  work,  October,  1840. 

DESCRIPTION. 

SHELL  short,  smooth,  translucent,  and  fragile; 
body  whirl  inflated:  spire  as  long  as  the  aper- 
ture, and  rapidly  attenuated  to  an  acute  apex: 


30  LIMNEA  EXPANSA. 

whirls  five,  somewhat  flattened:  suture  shallow, 
but  very  distinct,  aperture  effuse:  fold  on  the 
columella  deep  and  distinct. 

COLOR  brownish  ochre-yellow. 

GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION.  Found  only  in 
Vermont. 

OBSERVATIONS. 

I  owe  the  opportunity  to  describe  this  new 
species  to  Dr.  Gould,  who  gave  me  specimens, 
and  the  information  that  they  are  from  Ver- 
mont. It  differs  from  L.  elodes  in  having  a 
polished  surface,  expanded  aperture,  obsolete 
lines  of  growth,  translucency,  and  a  deeper 
fold  upon  the  columella.  It  cannot  be  con- 
founded with  any  other  species. 


31 


LIMNEA  DESIDIOSA,  Say. 

PLATE  10. 

L.  test£  sub-inflata,  perforata,  tenui,  luteft,:  spira  at- 
tenuata,  apice  acuto:  anfractibus  5  convexis:  sutura  valde 
impressa. 

SYNONYMS  AND  REFERENCES. 

LIMNEUS  DESIDIOSUS,  SAY.     Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  vol. 

ii.  p.  169.— -Am.  Conch.,  pi.  55,  fig.  3. 
L.  OBRUSSA  ?  SAY.    Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  vol.  v.  p.  123. 
L.  ACUTA,  LEA.   Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,  (new  series,)  vol. 

v.  pi.  19,  fig.  81. 
L.  PHILADELPHIA,  LEA.  ib.  Proceedings,  vol.  ii.  p.  32. 

DESCRIPTION. 

ANIMAL  with  the  foot  as  long  as  the  two  last 
whirls:  tentacles  short,  broad,  and  translucent: 
color  light  yellowish-grey,  dark  upon  the  mid- 
dle and  light  upon  the  edges:  surface  minutely 
dotted  with  whitish,  which  forms  spots  between 
the  eyes. 

SHELL  somewhat  inflated,  thin  in  texture, 
and  translucent:  lines  of  accretion  rather  coarse: 
surface  occasionally  broken  by  a  tendency  to 


32  LIMNEA  DESIDIOSA. 

form  irregular  facets:  spire  about  as  long  as 
the  aperture,  and  rapidly  attenuated  to  an 
acute  point:  there  are  five  convex  whirls,  sepa- 
rated by  a  deep  suture:  body  whirl  much  the 
largest:  aperture  wide,  generally  obtuse  poste- 
riorly; peristome  nearly  level:  labium  thick  and 
not  appressed  anteriorly:  colurnellar  fold  slight, 
or  wanting. 

COLOR  light  ochraceous,  sometimes  brownish: 
polished  within;  and  occasionally  white  na- 
creous, or  pink,  anteriorly. 

GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION.  From  latitude 
35°  to  45°,  and  from  New  England  inclusive  to 
the  Mississippi;  inhabiting  rivulets  and  small 
lakes  in  great  abundance. 

OBSERVATIONS. 

This  species  is  subject  to  great  variation  in 
the  form  of  the  shell,  but  the  animals  of  the 
slender  and  the  ventricose  varieties  cannot  be 
distinguished;  and  the  shells  approach  each 
other  by  insensible  gradations,  as  I  have 
ascertained  from  the  examination  of  several 
hundred  specimens,  many  of  them  whilst  living. 
Those  represented  by  figures  1,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 
are  from  a  pond  of  spring  water  twenty  feet  in 


I,     /•' it  .u: 1 1. 1 s,      I.i 


/,     I'M  It  It  US. I.     S:iy 


I'llit.-  K 


/.     HKl-'l.KX.l.     Say. 


Helen  tL»r»on  del.et  co\ 


Plate  9 


i     :.     /.     ./•/••/'/•;  .\v.  rr.i. 


687,      /•.-.Y/'./.Y.v.;.      Hal.l. 


\ 


rielet  col 


SUBSCRIBERS. 


DARIEN,  Geo. 


Couper,  Hamilton  J.,  Esq. 

PORTLAND,  Maine. 
Mighels,  J.  W.,  M.  D. 


INeal,  John,  Esq. 

BERLIN. 

MONMOUTH,  Maine.  Royal  Library. 

True,  N.  T. 

HAMBURG. 


PROVIDENCE. 


Rhodes,  Robert. 


Gates,  Elias. 


TROY,  A*.  F. 


FRANKFORT,  Ky. 


Fall,  Rev.  P.  S. 


Perthes  &  Besser. 


New  Species  of  Shells,  published  October  5,  1841, 
by  S.  S.  HALDEMAN. 

Anculosa  crassa.  Shell  conical  or  globose,  ponderous  whirls  5, 
flat  or  slightly  convex:  spire  exserted:  aperture  ovate,  with  a  well 
marked  columellar  notch:  labiutn  thick.  Color  brown.  Length 
f  in.  HAB.  Clinch?  R.  Tennessee.  Differs  from  A.  praerosa  by 
the  better  developed  spire  and  notch. 

Melania  aqualis.  Shell  thick,  short,  conical;  with  5  flat  whirls, 
ornamented  with  longitudinal  ribs:  texture  thin,  surface  smooth, 
aperture  narrow  elliptic,  as  long  as  the  spire.  Color  brown.  ^  in. 
long.  HAB.  Nolachucky  R.  Closely  resembles  the  young  of  lo 
spinosa,  and  differs  from  the  young  of  Melania  nupera  as  figured  by 
Say,  (Am.  Conch.,  pi.  3,)  by  the  want  of  the  concentric  elevated 
lines  on  the  anterior  slope.  This  figure,  as  I  am  informed  by  Mrs. 
Say,  does  not  represent  the  young  of  the  principle  figures,  (Litha&ia 
nupera,)  but  another  species,  which  if  distinct,  will  retain  the  name 
M.  nupera,  as  it  appears  to  be  a  true  Melania. 

Melania  uncialis.  Shell  pale  olivaceous,  tnrrited,  with  8  or  10 
slightly  convex  whirls,  the  earlier  ones  of  which  are  strongly  cari- 
nated:  lines  of  growth  curved;  aperture  ovate,  with  a  sinus  ante- 
riorly. 1  inch  long.  HAB.  Beaver  creek,  N.  E.  Tennessee.  Bears 
a  general  resemblance  to  M.  Virginica.  As  far  as  I  can  judge  from 
the  description,  it  must  be  somewhat  like  M.  Warderiana,  Lea. 

Melania  si/mmctrica.  Shell  olivaceous,  turrited,  with  8  or  9  con- 
vex whirls,  separated  by  a  deep  suture:  apex  carinated  anterior  to 
the  middle  of  the  whirls,  aperture  ovate.  Length  f  in.  HAB. 
Roanoke  R.,  Va.  Less  ponderous  than  the  preceding  species,  and 
distinguished  from  M.  Virginica  by  the  carinated  apex. 

Melania  bdlacrenata.  Shell  reddish,  subulate,  whirls  11,  marked 
with  a  strong  carina,  and  a  crenulated  line  posterior  to  it.  f  in. 
long.  HAB.  Alabama.  Differs  from  M.  bella,  Con.,  by  having  an 
oval  aperture. 

Limnea  vitrea.  Shell  ovate  or  conoid,  very  thin  in  texture,  sur- 
face smooth  and  shining,  translucent:  whirls  4,  convex.  ^  in.  long. 
More  delicate  than  L.  desidiosa,  and  more  ventricose  than  L.  pal- 
lida. 

Published,  Dec.  28/A,  1841. 

Amnicola  attenuate.  Shell  very  long  and  slender,  with  6  obliquely 
revolving,  very  convex  turns,  separated  by  a  deep  suture:  aperture 
small  and  ovate,  with  the  peritreme  level  and  continuous.  Length 
i  inch.  HAB.  A  spring  in  Montgomery  county,  Va.  OBS.  Very 
like,  but  more  slender  than  Cyclostoma  lapidaria,  which  I  refer  to 
this  genus,  as  well  as  C.  Cincinnatiensis,  Lea;  retaining  for  this 
species  Mr.  Anthony's  specific  name  Say  an  a. 

Amnicola  pallida.  Shell  very  pale  ochraceous,  umbilicated,  about 
the  size  of  A.  lustrica:  aperture  oval,  with  the  labium  very  closely 
appressed  to  the  body  whirl,  so  as  to  render  the  junction  nearly 
invisible.  HAB.  Middlebury,  Vermont,  Prof.  Adams. 


Amnicola  galbana  has  the  same  characters  as  the  preceding 
species,  except  that  the  shell  is  chalky,  the  labium  thicker,  and  not 
quite  so  well  appressed,  and  the  spire  proportionally  longer.  Fossil 
in  the  tertiary  deposit  of  Sussex  county,  N.  J. 

Amnicola  Sayana,  Anthony.  Shell  conic,  more  lengthened  in 
proportion  than  the  preceding  species:  diaphanous,  umbilicated, 
aperture  suborbicular,  with  but  a  small  portion  of  the  labium  ap- 
pressed. Rather  smaller,  and  more  slender  than  A.  limosa. 

Melania  gracilis,  vel  pulchclla,  Anthony.  Shell  conical,  with 
5 — 6  flat  whirls;  apex  truncated,  aperture  pyriform,  texture  light, 
color  greenish-brown,  with  one  or  two  light  revolving  bands.  HAB. 
Stark  county,  Ohio.  Size  of  M.  proxima,  to  which  it  bears  some 
resemblance. 

Melania  approxima.  Shell  lengthened,  conical,  tapering  gradual- 
ly to  the  truncated  apex,  upper  whirls  carinated,  aperture  ovate, 
tinted  with  pink;  color  light  brown,  with  two  dark  reddish  approxi- 
mate narrow  revolving  lines.  HAB.  Tennessee.  ^  inch  long. 

Mdanio,  intersita.  Shell  conic,  plicated,  with  4  convex  whirls; 
aperture  elliptical,  color  olivaceous.  Length  ^  inch.  HAB.  Swan 
creek,  Indiana,  Mrs.  Say.  Allied  to  M.  comma. 

Physa  globosa.  Shell  globose,  translucent,  spire  very  short  and 
rounded:  aperture  very  wide,  fold  well  marked:  whirls  three. 
Length  •*-  in.  HAB.  Nolachucky  river. 

Amnicola  pallida.  Shell  with  the  form  and  size  of  A.  iiistrica,  but 
with  a  less  distinct  suture;  umbilicated;  labium  very  closely  ap- 
pressed to  the  body  whirl.  HAB.  Middlebury,  Vermont,  Professor 
Adams. 

CORRECTIONS. 

Add  L.  sericatus?  Zeigler,  to  the  synonyms  of  L.  catascopium. 

Limnea  page  8,  for  fig.  9  read  fig.  11. 

For  Paludina  carinata,  Val.,  in  number  2,  read  P.  multicarinata, 
and  let  Swainion's  Paludina  carinata  become  P.  unicarinata,  until 
these  authors  can  determine  which  has  priority. 

Paludina,  p.  22,  note,  for  urcea  read  urceus. 


CIRCULAR. 

It  is  intended  that  this  work  shall  embrace  all  our  species  hitherto 
described  by  American  and  European  authors;  and  as  the  geographi- 
cal distribution  is  a  matter  of  great  importance,  and  one  which  has 
not  been  sufficiently  noted,  the  author  will  be  greatly  indebted  to 
those  who  take  an  interest  in  this  subject,  if  they  will  forward  him 
catalogues  of  the  species,  or  specimens  of  the  univalve  shells  found 
in  the  streams  with  which  they  may  be  acquainted. 

Descriptions  of  the  animals  and  their  habits  would  also  be  very 
useful;  and  for  any  assistance  given,  acknowledgments  will  be 
made. 

Communications  may  be  addressed  to  the  author,  at  Marietta  or 
Columbia,  Pennsylvania,  or  to  the  care  of  Mr.  DOBSON,  Phila. 

***  No  copies  of  this  work  will  be  issued  with  uncoloured  plates, 
or  with  duplicate  plates,  coloured  and  uncoloured. 


MONOGRAPH 

OF  THE 

SPECIES    OF    THE    GENUS    PUPA 
FOUND   IN   THE    UNITED   STATES. 

BY  AUGUSTUS  A.  GOULD,  M.  D. 

[Extracted  from  the  Boston  Journal  of  Natural  History,  Vol.  III.  395,  and  Vol. 
IV.  350.     Boston,  1843.] 


Having  recently  become  interested  in  the  examination  of 
the  American  species  of  the  genus  PUPA,  I  have  found  very 
great  confusion  and  uncertainty  prevailing  in  regard  to  them. 
The  objects  themselves  are  minute  and  difficult  to  examine  ; 
the  number  of  teeth,  which  is  one  of  the  most  important 
specific  characters,  varies  at  different  stages  of  maturity  ;  and, 
what  is  still  more  unfortunate,  Mr.  Say,  who  gave  names  to 
all  the  species  which  have  been  hitherto  described,  gave  us  no 
figures  in  illustration  of  his  descriptions.  These  are  the 
sources  of  confusion,  and  hence  I  have  received,  from  our 
best  conchologists,  a  single  species  under  four  of  the  six  names 
that  Mr.  Say  applied  to  his  different  species. 

It  would  be  well,  if,  in  writing  descriptions,  the  teeth  were 
arranged  as  primary  and  secondary,  indicating  by  the  primary 
those  teeth  which  are  always  present  when  there  are  any,  and 
by  secondary  those  which  are  superadded  in  the  progress  of 
growth,  or  at  maturity.  Such  a  division  would  be  applicable 
in  regard  to  almost  every  species. 

I  have  collected  every  specimen  of  PUPA  which  I  could  find 
in  the  cabinets  of  Boston,  and  have  received  numbers  from 
Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  and  Ohio,  and  I  have  carefully  ex- 
amined every  individual.  By  means  of  a  stationary  micro- 
scope of  moderate  power,  and  by  employing  a  convex  lens  in 
such  a  way  as  to  bring  the  rays  of  the  sun  to  a  focus  within 
the  aperture  of  the  shell,  I  have  been  enabled  to  obtain  a  fair 
view  of  the  deeply  seated  teeth, 
i 


I  have  made  out  some  of  Mr.  Say's  species  with  certainty, 
and  have  become  satisfied  with  regard  to  others  in  my  pos- 
session, that  they  were  unknown  to  him.  Two  or  three  of  his 
species  I  have  not  yet  seen,  or  have  failed  to  identify  them. 

It  is  hoped  that  the  accompanying  figures  may  put  an  end 
to  further  doubts  as  to  the  species  which  they  represent ;  and, 
by  the  aid  of  conchological  friends,  I  may  hereafter  be  ena- 
bled to  present  figures  of  the  remaining  un-illustrated  species. 
I  would  especially  request  of  those  who  have  species  not  here 
described,  that  they  would  favor  me  with  the  loan  of  them,  or 
send  me  descriptions  or  figures  of  them. 


PUPA  CORTICARIA. 
Plate  III.  fig.  19. 

P.  testa,  albida,  sub-cylindracea,  obtusa ;  anfractibus  quinque  ;  apertura  sub-orbic- 
ulari ;  labio  dente  unico  prope  angulum  externum3  sub-dentato  ad  angulum  inter- 
num ;  labro  revoluto. 

"  Odostomia  corticaria.  Shell  dextral,  cylindrical,  obtuse 
at  the  apex ;  whorls  five,  not  perceptibly  wrinkled  or  striate. 
Aperture  sub -orbicular,  lip  reflected  ;  a  single  tooth  on  the 
pillar  lip,  near  the  outer  angle  ;  inner  angle  with  an  angular 
projection  resembling  a  second  tooth,  sometimes  obsolete. 

"  Length  about  a  tenth  of  an  inch. 

"  Very  common  under  the  bark  of  trees  near  the  earth,  and 
resembles  Turbo  muscorum  of  authors."  (SAY,  in  Nicholson's 
Encyclop.  (Amer.  ed.)  article  Conchology,  pi.  IV.  fig.  5.) 

The  shell,  when  fresh,  is  transparent,  and  of  a  spermaceti- 
color  ;  but  it  is  usually  found  opaque  and  chalky.  All  the 
specimens  I  have  seen  were  from  Ohio.  Mr.  Earle,  however, 
in  his  "  Catalogue  of  Massachusetts  Land  Shells,"  enumerates 
this  as  a  native.  The  shell,  which  has  hitherto  borne  this 
name  in  the  Society's  Cabinet,  is  PUPA  contracta.  Mr.  Say 
compares  it  with  T.  muscorum,  of  Montagu,  not  Linnaeus, 
(P.  umbilicata,  DRAP.,)  to  which  it  does  not  bear  a  very  strong 
resemblance.  He  states  it  to  be  very  common  under  the  bark 
of  trees  ;  but  it  certainly  is  very  rare  in  collections. 


•    PUPA  EXIGUA. 
Plate  III.  fig.  20. 

P.  testa  minutissima,  albida,  oblongo-ovata,  sub-acuminata ;  anfractibus  quinque 
convexis;  labio  per-obliquo,  prope  angulum  internum  dentato;  columella  sub-den- 
tata ;  labro  revoluto. 

"  Shell  dextral,  tapering,  oblong,  with  minute  grooved  lines ; 
apex  obtuse ;  whorls  five ;  suture  deeply  impressed  ;  labium 
bidentate,  superior  tooth  situate  rather  beneath  the  middle  of 
the  lip,  inferior  tooth  small,  placed  on  the  columella ;  labrum 
mutic  reflected,  not  flattened  ;  umbilicus  distinct. 

"  Length  more  than  one  twentieth  of  an  inch. 

"  This  is  the  smallest  species  I  have  seen.  Its  aperture  re- 
sembles that  of  P.  (Cary'chium)  corticaria,  but  the  superior 
tooth  of  the  labium  of  that  shell  is  situate  much  nearer  to  the 
superior  termination  of  the  labrum  than  the  corresponding 
tooth  of  this  diminutive  species.  It  is  probably  a  CARY'CHIUM." 
(SAY.  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  II.  375.) 

Mr.  Say  found  it  near  Philadelphia.  Professor  Adams  has 
obtained  it  near  Middlebury,  Vt.,  and  it  has  been  collected 
in  various  regions  in  Ohio,  by  Dr.  Kirtland,  Dr.  Ward,  and 
Mr.  J.  G.  Anthony.  A  few  specimens  have  been  found  under 
moist  boards  in  Cambridge. 

It  is  remarkable  for  its  minuteness,  its  tapering  form,  and 
its  very  oblique,  oval  aperture.  The  similarity  between  it  and 
the  Turbo  cary'chium,  of  Montagu  (Test.  Brit.  339.  SuppL 
pi.  XXII.  fig.  2,)  which  is  the  Cary'chium  minimum  of  Leach 
and  Pfeiffer,  is  almost  perfect. 


PUPA  CONTRACTA. 
Plate  III.  fig.  22. 

P.  testa  alba,  ventricosa,  obtusa ;  anfractibus  quinque  convexis ;  apertura  sub-tri- 
angulari,  expansa ;  labio  dente  magno  excavate ;  labro  revoluto,  sinuato ;  dente 
altero  in  faucibus  profundo. 

"  Shell  dextral,  short,  sub-ovate,  white ;  apex  obtuse ; 
whorls  five  ;  umbilicus  distinct ;  aperture  irregularly  orbicular, 
complete,  the  lamina  of  the  labium  being  elevated  above  the 


surface  of  the  preceding  whorl,  and  joining  the  extremities  of 
the  labia;  labium  with  a  large,  elongated,  prominent  tooth, 
which  is  concave  on  the  side  towards  the  labrum ;  labrum  bi- 
deritate ;  a  large  tooth  or  fold  far  within  the  throat,  caused  by 
the  fold  of  the  umbilicus ;  throat  much  contracted  by  the 
large  tooth  of  the  labrum  into  the  form  of  a  horse-shoe. 

"  Total  length  less  than  one  tenth  of  an  inch. 

"This  is  a  short,  wide  species,  sufficiently  distinct  from 
others,  and  readily  distinguished  by  the  lamina  of  the  labrum 
being  much  elevated,  and  by  the  magnitude  of  the  tooth  of 
the  labium.  This  species  probably  belongs  to  the  genus 
CARY'CHIUM."  (SAY.  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  II.  374.) 

Mr.  Say  found  it  in  Virginia.  It  has  since  proved  to  be  a 
wide-spread  species,  and  has  been  found  in  all  the  northern 
range  of  States,  wherever  it  has  been  sought  for.  When 
fresh,  it  seems  to  be  invested  with  a  glutinous  pubescence,  by 
which  particles  of  earth  become  entangled  and  partially  con- 
ceal it. 

'    PUPA   ARM/FERA. 
Plate  III.  fig.  10. 

P.  testa  grisea,  cylindracea,  obtusa ;  anfractibus  sex  planulatis  ;  apertura  semi- 
ovali,  dentibus  quinque  armata,  quorum  unus  emarginatus  labio,  unus  ad  columellam 
affixus. 

"  Shell  dextral,  oblong-oval  or  somewhat  obtusely-fusiform  ; 
suture  distinct ;  whorls  six,  obsoletely  wrinkled  ;  aperture  lon- 
gitudinally sub-ovate  ;  exterior  lip  reflected,  but  not  flattened, 
interrupted  above  by  the  penultimate  whorl,  and  with  five 
teeth,  of  which  the  superior  one  and  that  which  precedes  the 
basal  one  are  smallest ;  labrum  with  an  undulated  lamelliform 
tooth,  its  anterior  extremity  little  elevated,  but  elongated,  so 
as  almost  to  join  the  superior  extremity  of  the  exterior  lip. 

"  Length  three  twentieths  of  an  inch. 

"  Very  distinct  from  P.  corticdria,  in  being  a  much  larger 
and  proportionally  more  dilated  shell,  and,  with  that  species, 
seems  to  belong  more  properly  to  the  genus  CARY'CHIUM  of 
Miiller  and  Ferussac."  (SAY.  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  II. 
162.) 


Mr.  Say  found  it  in  upper  Missouri.  It  is  very  abundant  in 
Ohio,  but  I  have  not  heard  of  any  specimens  found  on  this 
side  of  the  Alleghanies. 

He  notices,  that  sometimes  one  and  sometimes  the  two 
smallest  teeth  are  wanting.  Indeed  I  have  found  only  one 
specimen  in  which  the  little  basal  tooth  is  present ;  while 
there  is  very  frequently  an  additional  tooth  on  the  outer  lip, 
posterior  to  the  others.  If  we  except  P.  placida,  a  somewhat 
doubtful  species,  it  is  the  largest  Pupa  of  the  United  States, 
and  is  not  likely  to  be  confounded  with  any  other. 


PUPA  PROCERA. 
Plate  III.  fig.  12. 

P.  testa  cylindracea,  elongata,  apice  obtusa  ;   anfractibus   sex,  convexis,  obliqud 
striatis  ;  apertura  semi-ovali,  dentibus  sex  armata,  quorum  posterior  emarginatus. 

Shell  elongated,  ovate-cylindrical,  obtuse  at  apex,  of  a 
brownish  horn-color ;  whorls  six,  convex,  the  three  anterior 
ones  of  nearly  equal  diameter,  and  the  three  posterior  ones 
forming  a  very  obtuse  apex  ;  suture  deep  ;  aperture  semi- 
oval,  rather  longer  than  broad ;  lip  brown,  somewhat  incum- 
bent at  the  middle  of  the  right  side,  unequally  reflected,  not 
flattened,  and  curving  at  an  abrupt  angle  before  it  joins  the 
preceding  whorl ;  throat  armed  with  five  teeth ;  one  on  the 
middle  of  the  transverse  lip  is  compressed,  stretching  towards 
the  junction  of  the  outer  lip,  and  emarginate  at  the  middle, 
sometimes  even  bicuspid  ;  a  conical  one  on  the  pillar  a  little 
below  its  junction  with  the  transverse  lip,  and  sometimes 
there  is  a  small  denticle  at  the  base  of  this ;  a  smaller  one  at 
the  anterior  termination  of  the  pillar;  a  small  one,  often 
wanting  or  inconspicuous  without  a  large  magnifier,  about  the 
middle  of  the  outer  lip ;  and  the  fifth,  broad  and  considerably 
elevated,  seen  at  the  very  depth  of  the  cavity  of  the  aperture 
as  we  look  down  into  it,  opposite  to  the  tooth  of  the  trans- 
verse lip ;  umbilicus  small  and  open. 

Length  ^  of  an  inch  ;  breadth  5X5  of  an  inch. 

This  very  distinct  species  was  sent  to  me  by  Professor  E. 


Foreman,  of  Baltimore,  who  seems  to  have  found  it  plenti- 
fully. It  comes  nearer  to  P.  rupicola,  than  to  any  of  Mr. 
Say's  species. 

PUPA  MILIUM. 

Plate  III.  fig.  23. 

P.  testa  minutissima,  ovali,  castanea ;  anfractibus  quatuor  convexis,  oblique  stria- 
tis ;  apertura  cordata,  dentibus  sex,  compressis  armata,  quorum  duobus  labio  affixis. 

Shell  minute,  of  a  globosely-oval  form,  color  a  light-chest- 
nut; whorls  four  or  somewhat  more,  obviously  wrinkled 
obliquely,  rather  convex ;  apex  bluntly  rounded  ;  suture  deep ; 
aperture  half  the  width  of  the  last  whorl,  heart-shaped,  the 
apex  being  at  the  left  posterior  angle ;  the  transverse  margin 
is  nearly  direct ;  the  outer  lip  is  scolloped  by  an  indentation 
of  the  lip  ;  the  remainder  of  the  margin  is  regularly  arcuated  ; 
lip  white,  slightly  everted  ;  throat  with  six  teeth,  two  of  which 
are  on  the  transverse  lip,  equidistant ;  one,  with  a  tubercle  at 
its  base,  is  on  the  middle  of  the  columella,  and  nearly  at  right 
angles  with  the  preceding,  and  is  the  largest ;  a  fourth  is  on 
the  indenture  of  the  outer  lip,  directed  between  the  two  on 
the  transverse  lip ;  and  two  smaller  ones,  more  retired  within 
the  shell,  are  equidistant  between  the  two  last-mentioned  ; 
umbilicus  large  and  deep.  Length  less  than  ^  of  an  inch ; 
breadth  ^  of  an  inch. 

This  is  the  most  minute  species  I  have  yet  seen  ;  even 
more  so  than  P.  exigua.  In  size  and  outline  it  may  be  com- 
pared with  P.  vertigo,  DRAP.,  (Vertigo  pusilla  of  other 
authors)  of  Europe  ;  but  that  is  a  reversed  shell.  The  teeth 
are  all  distinct,  long,  compressed,  and  very  sharp.  I  first 
discovered  it  at  Oak  Island,  Chelsea,  on  a  warm,  damp  day, 
in  November,  1839,  crawling  upon  fallen  leaves,  in  company 
with  Bulimus  lubricus.  Professor  Adams  has  since  found  it 
in  Vermont.  It,  doubtless,  has  a  wide  range,  but  its  minute- 
ness renders  it  difficult  to  be  detected. 


PUPA  SIMPLEX. 
Plate  III.  fig.  2t. 

P.  testa  minima,  cylindracea,  obtusa,  Isevi ;  anfractibus  sex,  subplanulatis ;  aper- 
tura  orbiculari,  edentula. 

Shell  minute,  the  two  anterior  thirds  cylindrical,  surmount- 
ed by  a  rapidly  formed,  blunt  apex  ;  light  chestnut-colored. 
Whorls  five,  moderately  convex,  separated  by  a  well-im- 
pressed suture,  quite  smooth ;  aperture  circular,  excepting 
a  slight  encroachment  by  the  preceding  whorl ;  lip  simple, 
sharp,  slightly  everted  on  the  left  side,  and  partially  hiding 
a  small  umbilicus.  No  trace  of  a  tooth  has  been  detected. 
Length  ^  of  an  inch  ;  breadth  ^  of  an  inch. 

The  only  locality  where  this  has  been  found  is  a  small 
grove,  a  little  northward  of  Fresh  Pond,  in  Cambridge.  In 
this  place  numerous  specimens  have  been  found  by  myself 
and  others,  at  every  season  from  May  to  November.  They 
live  among  the  decaying  leaves,  in  company  with  HELIX 
linedta,  labyrinthica,  chersina,  and  indentdta.  Having  been 
gathered  in  spring  and  autumn,  we  may  safely  suppose  some 
of  them  to  have  been  adult ;  yet  none  of  them  exhibit  any 
trace  of  a  tooth.  Its  circular  aperture  readily  distinguishes  it 
from  all  our  other  species.  It  is  nearly  identical,  however, 
with  P.  edentula,  DRAP.  (Vertigo  nitida,  FERUS.) 


f     PUPA  BADIA. 

Plate  III.  fig.  18. 

"  P.  testa  parva,  rubro-fusca,  cylindracea ;  apice  perobtusa ,  anfractibus  septem, 
convexis ;  apertura  orbiculari,  unidenlata  ;  labro  contracto,  subrefiexo." 

"  Shell  small,  reddish  brown,  cylindrical,  very  obtusely  ta- 
pering in  the  two  upper  whorls ;  whorls  seven,  moderately 
convex,  with  a  well  impressed  suture  ;  aperture  orbicular,  its 
plane  nearly  parallel  with  the  axis  of  the  shell,  less  than  one 
third  of  the  length  of  the  shell,  with  the  margin  slightly  re- 
flected, and  the  sub-margin  contracted,  with  a  single  rather 
small  tooth  on  the  penultimate  whorl ;  umbilicus  moderate. 


8 

"Length,  .14  inch;  breadth,  .07  inch;  diameter  of  the  aper- 
ture, .045  inch."  (ADAMS,  Bost.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.  III.  331) 

This  species  was  discovered  at  Crown  Point,  N.  Y.,  by 
Professor  G.  W.  Benedict,  of  the  University  of  Vermont.  I 
have  also  received  it  from  the  vicinity  of  Troy,  N.  Y.  It  is 
the  largest  of  the  North  American  species,  except  P.  armifera, 
from  which  it  is  at  once  distinguished  by  its  dark  mahogany 
color. 

It  is  almost  precisely  like  P.  marginata,  DRAP.,  BRARD,  &c. 
the  P.  muscorum,  LAM.  It  belongs  to  the  genus  PUPILLA, 
Leach.  See  Turton's  Manual,  (Gray's  edition,)  196,  pi.  VII. 
fig.  79.  See  also,  Adams,  Catalogue  of  Mollusca,  in  Thomp- 
son's History  of  Vermont. 


In  the  preceding  part  of  this  paper  I  remarked,  that  there 
were  two  or  three  described  species  of  the  genus  Pupa,  which 
I  had  not  then  seen,  or  had  failed  to  identify  them  with  their 
descriptions.  During  the  long  interval  which  has  since 
elapsed,  through  the  kindness  of  my  friends  I  have  succeeded 
in  obtaining  all  of  them.  These  I  shall  now  proceed  to  de- 
scribe, and  also  to  communicate  such  facts  respecting  the  spe- 
cies previously  noticed,  as  a  more  extended  observation  has 
disclosed. 

PUPA    OVATA. 
Plate  XVI.  figs.  7,  8. 

P.  ovata,  umbilicata,  castanea ;  anfractibus  quinque,  convexis ;  apertura  subcor- 
data,  dentibus  5  ad  9  lamellosis  armata,  quorum  1-3  postice,  duo  ad  columellam, 
2-5  ad  labium  inflexum  adnatis. 

"  Shell  dextral,  subovate,  brown  ;  apex  obtuse  ;  whorls  five, 
glabrous  ;  suture  not  very  deeply  impressed ;  body  whorl  in- 
dented near  and  upon  the  labrum ;  aperture  semioval ;  labium 
five  toothed,  of  which  three  are  situate  on  the  transverse  por- 
tion of  the  lip,  parallel  to  each  other,  equidistant,  the  superior 
and  inferior  ones  being  small,  the  latter  sometimes  obsolete, 
the  intermediate  one  lamelliform,  prominent,  and  the  two 


other  ones  situate  on  the  columella,  approximate,  extending 
at  right  angles  to  the  three  preceding  ones,  the  superior  (infe- 
rior ?)  one  oblique  and  smaller ;  labrum  reflected  but  not  flat- 
tened, bidentate,  teeth  lamelliform,  prominent ;  umbilicus 
distinct. 

Length  less  than  fa  inch,  breadth  nearly  ^  inch. 

The  smallest  teeth  of  the  labium  are  sometimes  obsolete." 
(SAY,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  II.  375.)     See  also  ADAMS,  Cat- 
alogue of  Mollusca,  in  Thompson's  Hist,  of  Vermont,  and  Sil- 
Uman's  Journ.  XL.  p.  271. 

An  opportunity  having  been  afforded  for  a  careful  examina- 
tion of  the  authentic  specimens  of  this  species  placed  in  the 
Cabinet  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  at  Philadelphia 
by  Mr.  Say,  and  also  of  his  Pupa  modesta,  the  latter  proves  to 
be  merely  a  specimen  of  P.  ovata,  with  the  lip  somewhat 
fractured,  by  which  the  aperture  has  received  a  somewhat 
modified  form  (fig.  8)  ;  and  this  circumstance  has  been  the 
source  of  no  little  embarrassment.  Mr.  Say's  description  is 
as  follows : 

P.  modesta.  "  Shell  suboval,  minutely  wrinkled  ;  apex 
obtuse  ;  whorls  six  ;  umbilicus  distinct ;  aperture  obliquely 
subovate  ;  labrum  with  a  prominent,  compressed,  sernioval 
tooth,  equidistant  from  the  extremities  of  the  labrum,  and  a 
somewhat  conic  one  rather  below  the  middle  of  the  columella ; 
labrum  not  inflected,  joining  the  preceding  whorl  at  its  upper 
extremity  with  a  curve,  bidentate,  lower  tooth  placed  opposite 
to  that  of  the  middle  of  the  labium,  the  other  smaller  and 
placed  a  little  above.  Length  235  inch."  (SAY,  Long's  Se- 
cond Expedition,  II.  260,  pi.  15,  fig.  5.)  See  also  GOULD'S 
Inverteb.  of  Massachusetts,  188,  fig.  119. 

This  species  is  constant  in  its  external  characters,  but  is 
somewhat  variable  in  its  aperture.  It  is  seldom  that  three 
teeth  are  found  on  the  transverse  lip,  the  tooth  on  the  left  be- 
ing almost  always,  and  that  on  the  right  being  frequently 
wanting.  Sometimes  there  is  a  minute  tooth  at  the  base  of 
the  aperture,  and  sometimes  a  third  tooth  on  the  posterior 
part  of  the  outer  lip.  It  is  more  ventricose  than  any  other 
2 


10 

American  species,  and  of  a  darker  color.  It  is  shining,  but 
distinctly  marked  with  longitudinal  wrinkles.  The  inflection 
of  the  outer  lip  is  such  as  to  render  the  aperture  heart-shaped, 
and  the  flexure  extends  to  a  considerable  distance  round 
towards  the  back  of  the  shell.  Its  true  dimensions  are, 
length  ^  inch,  breadth  ^  inch. 

It  lives  in  damp  places,  around  the  borders  of  ponds,  or  in 
rich,  moist  fields  under  fragments  of  board,  sticks,  &c.  Mr. 
Say  found  his  ovata  in  Pennsylvania  and  his  modesta  in  the 
Northwest  Territory.  It  is  common  about  Boston,  and  I  have 
received  it  from  near  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  from  Troy,  N.  Y., 
from  Worcester  County,  Md.,  and  from  Jacksonsborough, 
S.  C. ;  and  Professor  Adams  found  it  near  Middlebury,  Vt., 
and  Dr.  J.  W.  Mighels  near  Portland,  Me. 

The  animal  is  of  a  dark  claret  color  above,  lighter  beneath  ; 
tentacles  two,  remarkably  clavate  or  pestle-shaped  ;  the  front 
of  the  foot  is  trilobate,  the  central  lobe  being  very  small,  and 
there  is  a  constriction  behind  the  two  lateral  ones. 

PUPA  GOULDII. 

PI.  XVI.    Fig.  9. 

"  Testa  minut^.,  ovato- cylindrica,  sub-castanea ;  anfractibus  pluribusquam  qua- 
tuor ;  apice  obtuso  ;  apertura  subcordata,  bilobata,  dentibus  quinque  armata ;  labro 
subreflexo." 

"  Animal  with  two  tentacles  only,  black  above  ;  foot  gray, 
short  posteriorly.  Shell  light  chestnut,  cylindrical  ovate  ; 
whorls  between  four  and  five,  rather  ventricose,  the  last  occu- 
pying nearly  half  the  length  of  the  axis  ;  apex  obtuse ;  aper- 
ture lateral,  composed  of  two  unequal  curves,  meeting  in  the 
centre  of  the  outer  lip,  with  five  prominent  white  teeth,  viz. : 
one  upon  the  transverse  margin,  two  upon  the  umbilical  mar- 
gin, and  two  upon  the  labial  margin  ;  lip  thickened,  not  re- 
flected ;  umbilicus  a  little  open."  (BINNEY,  in  Proceedings 
of  the  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  History,  p.  105,  March  15,  1843.) 

This  very  distinct  species  is  unusually  constant  in  its  char- 
acters. Its  shape  may  be  more  properly  called  elliptical.  In 
size  it  is  intermediate  between  P.  ovata  and  P.  milium,  ap- 


11 

preaching  more  nearly  to  the  latter  in  form  and  color.  In 
adult  specimens  I  have  never  found  any  variation  in  the  num- 
ber or  situation  of  the  teeth.  At  a  little  distance  back  of  the 
outer  lip,  and  answering  to  the  two  teeth  within,  are  seen  two 
indentations,  showing  that  the  parts  within  are  folds  rather 
than  teeth  ;  and  this  is  very  plainly  seen  to  be  the  case  in 
young  specimens.  Its  length  is  about  ^  inch,  breadth  2\  inch. 
It  was  first  sent  to  me  by  Dr.  W.  Newcomb,  of  Troy,  N.  Y., 
and  subsequently  by  Prof.  E.  Foreman,  from  Baltimore  and 
Worcester  County,  Md.  Since  then  I  have  found  it,  in  August, 
upon  sticks  and  about  the  roots  of  trees  in  the  woods  in  Cam- 
bridge and  Roxbury.  It  seems  to  be  abundant. 

PUPA  PENTODON. 

Plate  XVI.  fig.  10.  11. 

P.  ovato-oblonga,  albida,  umbilicata  ;  anfractibus  quinque,  convexis,  apice  subacu- 
ta;  apertura  oblique  semiovata,  dentibus  5-8  instructs*,  quorum  1-2  postic£,  2  ad  col- 
umellam,  2-5  ad  labrum  positis  ;  labro  expanse. 

"  Shell  dextral,  subovate,  whitish  horn-color  ;  apex  obtuse ; 
whorls  five,  glabrous,  convex  ;  suture  not  very  deeply  im- 
pressed ;  aperture  semioval ;  labrum  two-toothed,  of  which  a 
single  very  prominent  one  is  on  the  middle  of  the  transverse 
labium,  and  the  other  remote,  much  smaller,  and  placed  on 
the  basal  angle  of  the  columella ;  labrum  regularly  arcuated, 
tridentate,  tooth  nearest  the  base  very  small  and  placed  near 
the  smaller  tooth  of  the  columella ;  the  two  others  larger,  sub- 
equal  ;  umbilicus  distinct.  Length  less  than  ^  inch. 

Lower  tooth  of  the  labrum  sometimes  obsolete. 

Animal,  foot  white,  head  and  neck,  as  far  as  the  mantle, 
black."  (SAY,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  II.  376.) 

This  is  the  most  variable  of  all  our  species.  While  there 
is  no  doubt  as  to  this  being  the  shell  intended  by  Mr.  Say  as 
his  pentodon,  it  is  unfortunate  that  he  should  have  selected  so 
inappropriate  a  name,  inasmuch  as  the  shell  is  never  found 
with  five  teeth  except  in  an  immature  state,  when  the  number 
is  even  reduced  to  four.  It  is  nevertheless  true  that  five  of 
the  teeth  are  constant,  viz. :  one  upon  the  transverse  lip,  two 


12 

on  the  columella  and  two  on  the  outer  lip.  Then  there  is 
sometimes  an  additional  small  one  on  the  transverse  lip,  to  the 
left  of  the  constant  one ;  and  the  teeth  on  the  outer  lip  vary 
in  many  ways,  as  may  be  best  exhibited  by  the  following  ta- 
ble of  varieties  which  I  have  observed,  intended  to  represent 
the  teeth  in  succession  as  they  occur,  beginning  at  the  outer 
posterior  angle  and  going  round  to  the  left. 


1 

1 

1 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 

1 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 

1 

0 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

] 

0 

1 

0 

By  this  table  it  appears  that  there  may  be  as  many  as  even 
eleven  teeth,  though  I  have  never  seen  more  than  eight  on 
one  individual.  Of  the  two  teeth  which  are  shown  by  this 
table  to  be  constant  on  the  outer  lip,  the  largest  is  situated 
nearly  opposite  the  tooth  on  the  transverse  lip,  and  the  other 
less  than  half  the  distance  between  it  and  the  posterior  angle. 
Such  remarkable  deviations  have  led  to  the  proposal  of  two 
new  species  which  may  with  propriety  be  noticed,  and  may  be 
considered  as  the  two  extremes  of  the  varieties,  viz.  : 

P.  Tappaniana,  ADAMS,  a  name  adopted  by  him  from  the 
manuscripts  of  the  late  Dr.  Ward  of  Roscoe,  Ohio,  and  de- 
scribed in  a  supplementary  sheet  to  the  40th  volume  of  Silli- 
man's  Journal,  and  afterwards  in  Thompson's  History  of  Ver- 
mont. The  finest  examples  of  the  species  come  under  this 
variety.  They  are  such  as  occur  in  Ohio,  of  a  very  light 
color,  quite  translucent,  without  epidermis,  and  with  the  lip 
distinct  and  white.  It  is  330  inch  in  length,  and  about  half  as 
broad,  fig.  10. 

P.  curvidens,  GOULD,  (Inverteb.  of  Massachusetts,  189,  fig. 
120)  is  about  one  seventh  smaller,  has  a  very  thin,  greenish 
epidermis,  and  generally  eight  teeth,  and  the  large  one  on  the 
transverse  lip  decidedly  curved  to  the  left,  (fig.  11.)  Such  are 
specimens  usually  found  in  Massachusetts ;  and  though  in 


13 

size,  exterior,  and  armature  they  are  so  different  from  the 
Ohio  specimens,  yet  as  I  have  seen  so  many  intervening 
varieties,  I  think  this  form  should  be  abandoned  as  a  species. 

Notwithstanding  all  these  discrepancies,  there  is  a  certain 
aspect  about  the  shell  which  enables  one  to  distinguish  it 
without  much  difficulty.  Its  ovate  form,  its  very  small  aper- 
ture, with  the  transverse  portion  so  oblique  that  the  inner  lip 
is  very  short  in  proportion  to  the  outer  one,  will  serve  to  de- 
termine the  species  with  a  very  small  magnifying  power. 

Mr.  Say  found  his  specimens  in  Pennsylvania  ;  it  is  not  in- 
frequent in  the  vicinity  of  Boston,  under  fallen  leaves  in  shady 
woods  ;  Professor  Adams  found  it  near  Middlebury,  Vt. ;  Dr. 
Newcomb  found  it  near  Troy,  N.  Y. ;  it  is  one  of  the  most 
common  species  in  Ohio,  and  has  been  sent  me  by  Dr.  Fore- 
man from  near  Baltimore,  and  from  Jacksonborough.  S.  C. 
Thus,  with  the  exception  of  P.  contracta  it  has  been  observed 
over  a  wider  region  than  any  other  species. 

PUPA    RUPICOLA. 

Plate  XVI.  fig.  13. 

P.  ovato-conica,  glabra,  albida,  umbilicata  ;  apice  subacuta ;  anfractibus  sex  con- 
vexis  :  apertura  obliqua,  semi-elliptica,  dentibus  quinque  lamellosis  armata,  quorum 
unus  postice,  duo  ad  columellam,  duo  ad  labium  expansum  dispositi. 

"  Shell  dextral,  attenuated  to  an  acute  apex,  white  ;  suture 
deeply  impressed  ;  labrum  bidentate,  superior  tooth  lamellar, 
emarginate  in  the  middle,  and  at  the  anterior  tip  uniting  with 
the  superior  termination  of  the  labrum  ;  inferior  tooth  placed 
on  the  columella,  and  extending  nearly  at  a  right  angle  with 
the  preceding ;  labrum  tridentate,  teeth  placed  somewhat 
alternately  with  those  of  the  labium  ;  inferior  tooth  situated  at 
the  base  and  immediately  beneath  the  inferior  tooth  of  the  la- 
bium. Length  ^  inch." 

About  the  size  of  P.  corticaria,  and  considerably  resembles 
that  species,  but  is  sufficiently  distinguished  by  the  circum- 
stance of  its  gradually  decreasing  in  diameter  from  the  body 
whorl  to  its  tip,  and  in  the  character  of  the  mouth  it  is  widely 
distinct.  (SAY,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  II.  163.) 


14 

Found  by  Mr.  Say  in  Florida,  and  sent  to  me  by  Dr.  Ra- 
venel  from  Charleston,  S.  C.,  and  by  Dr.  Foreman  from  Jack- 
sonborough  and  Manchester,  S.  C.,  and  from  Savannah  and 
Whitmarsh's  Island,  Georgia.  It  seems  to  be  a  southern 
species ;  and  although  I  have  very  often  received  shells  from 
Ohio  under  this  name,  yet  no  one  of  them  has  actually  proved 
to  be  this  species. 

I  have  met  with  little  or  no  variety  in  this  species,  and  the 
above  description  can  scarcely  be  amended,  except  to  say  that 
the  teeth  are  compressed,  and  protracted  for  a  considerable 
distance  within  the  aperture.  The  place  of  the  two  teeth  or 
folds  on  the  outer  lip  is  marked  externally  by  two  prolonged 
indentations.  The  distinctive  marks  between  this  species  and 
P.  corticaria  are  clearly  given  ;  but  it  has  a  much  closer  re- 
semblance, in  its  armature  especially,  to  P.procera.  It  is, 
however,  distinguished  by  its  less  cylindrical  form,  its  lighter 
color,  its  smoother  surface,  its  white  instead  of  brown  lip ;  the 
tooth  on  the  transverse  lip  is  less  twisted,  and  that  which  is  at 
the  base  is  not  so  remote  or  so  transverse  in  position.  Its 
spire  is  also  at  least  half  a  whorl  shorter. 

PUPA    SERVILIS. 
Plate  XVI.  fig.  14. 

Testa  ovato-elongata,  glabra,  rufescens,  umbilicata  ;  anfractibus  quinque  convexis ; 
apertura  semi-elliptica,  dentibus  quinque  armata,  quorum  unus  contortus  postice, 
unus  ad  basin,  duo  ad  labium  affixi ;  labro  reflexo. 

Shell  elongated  ;  tapering  to  a  somewhat  acute  apex,  of  a 
pale  chestnut  or  horn  color  ;  whorls  five  and  sometimes  some- 
what more,  very  delicately  wrinkled  ;  suture  well  defined. 
Aperture  semi-oval,  nearly  in  the  axis  of  the  shell,  the  trans- 
verse portion  slightly  oblique,  and  the  two  extremities  of  the 
lip  very  nearly  meeting  behind.  Revolving  under  the  middle 
of  the  transverse  lip  is  a  contorted,  lamellar  tooth  which  arises 
near  the  junction  of  the  outer  lip  ;  on  the  middle  of  the  col- 
umella  is  a  large  conical  tooth ;  at  the  base  is  a  small  tooth, 
then  a  third  large  tooth,  placed  so  as  to  form  a  regular  tripod 
with  the  other  two,  and  above  this  is  a  fifth  inconspicuous 
tooth.  Lip  slightly  everted,  not  flattened,  sometimes  a  little  in- 
flected at  the  right,  umbilicus  small.  Length,  ^  breadth  ^  inch. 


15 

At  first  sight  this  species  would  be  referred  either  to  P.  ru- 
picola  or  P.  procera.  But  a  closer  examination  shows  that 
while  it  has  the  pale  brown  lip  of  the  latter,  it  is  a  shorter  and 
much  more  ventricose  shell ;  and  while  the  number  and  ar- 
rangement of  the  teeth  are  as  in  rupicola,  the  latter  has  a 
much  more  slender  form,  the  aperture  is  more  oblique  and  less 
elongated,  the  apex  is  obtuse,  and  the  lip  is  white. 

Notwithstanding  the  distinctions  mentioned  above,  perhaps 
most  observers,  on  ordinary  inspection,  would  maintain  that 
these  three  were  merely  local  varieties  of  the  same  species.  I 
will  add,  therefore,  that  by  means  of  an  excellent  microscope, 
to  which  a  camera  lucida  is  attached,  I  have  made  accurate 
figures  three  inches  in  length,  which  render  the  differences  in 
form  unequivocal. 

Found  at  Santa  Cruz  by  Dr.  R.  E.  Griffiths,  and  near  Ma- 
tanzas  by  John  Bartlett,  Esq. 

I  have  inserted  this  species  here,  although  it  cannot  strictly 
be  considered  as  belonging  to  the  United  States,  because  of 
its  proximity  to  the  States,  and  more  especially  because  it 
helps  to  illustrate  two  of  our  species. 

PUPA  PALLAX. 
Plate  XVI.  fig.  16. 

P.  turrita,  glabra,  pallide  Castanet,  umbilicata ;  anfractibus  sex  convexis  ;  apertura 
obliqua,  subrotundata^  edentula  ;  labro  albo,  valde  reflexo,  striato. 

"  Cyclostoma  marginata.  Shell  turreted,  pale  horn  color 
or  dusky,  obsoletely  wrinkled  across  ;  suture  rather  deeply 
impressed  ;  volutions  six ;  aperture  suboval,  truncate  trans- 
versely above  by  the  penultimate  whorl,  nearly  one  third  the 
length  of  the  shell ;  labium  nearly  transverse,  color  of  the  ex- 
terior part  of  the  shell ;  labrum  equally  and  widely  reflected, 
thick,  white ;  umbilicus  distinct.  Length  |  inch."  (SAY, 
Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  II.  172.) 

This  shell  is  clearly  not  a  Cyclostoma,  and  on  that  account, 
as  Mr.  Say  suggests,  the  specific  name  must  be  changed.  As 
the  shell  afterwards  described  by  him  under  the  name  of  Pupa 
fallax  (Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  V.  121.)  is  only  a  finely  devel- 


16 

oped  shell  of  this  species,  that  name  may  well  be  retained  for 
the  species.  It  was  therefore  adopted  in  the  Report  on  the 
Invertebrata  of  Massachusetts,  p.  192,  fig.  123.  Professor 
Adams  also  applied  to  it  the  specific  term  albilabris,  in  Silli- 
man's  Journal,  XL.  271,  and  in  his  Catalogue  of  the  Mollusca 
of  Vermont  in  Thompson's  History,  a  name  suggested  by  the 
late  Dr.  Ward.  Some  doubt  still  remains  as  to  whether  it  be- 
longs to  the  genus  Pupa,  or  to  Bulimus,  as  the  animal  has  not 
been  described. 

This  shell  is  so  well  known  as  to  require  no  more  particular 
illustration.  The  lip,  however,  is  not  often  equally  reflected, 
but  is  much  narrowed  near  the  junction  of  the  outer  portion 
with  the  body  whorl.  There  are  also  two  or  three  deeply  cut 
lines  running  parallel  and  near  to  its  margin. 

Mr.  Say  found  his  specimens  in  the  North-West  Territory, 
and  it  is  not  uncommon  in  Massachusetts,  Vermont,  New 
York,  Maryland  and  South  Carolina. 

Its  foreign  analogue  is  P.  umbilicdta,  Drap. 

Having  recently  had  an  opportunity,  by  means  of  one  of 
Chevalier's  large  microscopes,  of  tracing  off  greatly  enlarged 
figures  of  these  minute  shells,  with  great  accuracy,  I  will  now 
review  the  species  described  in  the  former  part  of  this  paper, 
and  notice  those  points  which  were  inaccurately  stated,  or 
which  need  further  illustration,  and  add  such  further  informa- 
tion as  I  may  have  since  obtained  respecting  them. 

P.  CORTICARIA.  The  single  tooth  which  Mr.  Say  describes 
as  being  on  the  pillar  lip,  should  read  on  the  transverse  lip,  to 
correspond  with  his  subsequent  descriptions  of  species.  In 
the  figure  (Vol.  III.  pi.  3,  fig.  19,)  the  body  whorl  is  repre- 
sented too  long.  I  have  received  it  from  Worcester  county, 
Maryland. 

P.  EXIGUA.  In  the  figure  of  this  shell  (Vol.  III.  pi.  3,  fig. 
20,)  the  body  whorl  is  represented  proportionally  too  large. 
Its  length  is  .08  inch.  The  only  additional  locality  from 
which  I  have  received  it  is  Troy,  N.  Y. 

The  animal  is  colorless,  and  has  only  two  tentacular  devel- 


17 

oped,  which  are  stout,  hyaline,  about  one  third  as  long  as  the 
foot.     See  Rep.  on  the  Invertebrata  of  Mass.,  191,  fig.  122. 

P.  CONTRACTA.  The  aperture,  in  Vol.  III.  fig.  22,  should 
be  placed  much  farther  to  the  right.  It  is  probably  common 
in  all  the  States,  as  I  have  received  specimens  from  the  Island 
of  Cuba.  Found  about  rotten  stumps  or  under  stones  in 
moist  pastures.  See  Invertebrata  of  Mass.  186,  fig.  117,  and 
ADAMS,  in  Thompson's  Hist,  of  Vermont. 

P.  MILIUM.  The  teeth  on  the  outer  lip  are  more  properly 
folds,  as  indicated  by  the  two  elongated  indentations  on  the 
exterior  of  the  shell  corresponding  to  them.  I  have  a  speci- 
men from  Mr.  Anthony  which  he  received  from  Louisiana. 
See  GOULD,  Invertebrata  of  Mass.  187,  fig.  118.  ADAMS,  in 
Silliman's  Journ.  Vol.  XL.  270,  and  Thompson's  Hist,  of  Ver- 
mont. 

P.  PROCERA.  Both  the  description  and  figure  of  this  species 
are  so  incorrect  that  1  reproduce  an  accurate  figure,  (fig.  12.) 
Its  peculiar  characters  have  been  noticed  under  P.  rupicola.  It 
has  not  yet  been  sent  me  from  any  other  locality  than  the 
vicinity  of  Baltimore. 

On  the  cover  of  the  Society's  Journal,  Vol.  IV.  No.  1,  I 
indicated  a  species  by  the  name  of  P.  carindta  which  I  sup- 
posed to  be  new.  But  the  examination  of  another  specimen 
has  satisfied  me  that  it  was  merely  an  immature  or  a  fractured 
specimen  of  P.  procera. 

P.  ARMIFERA.  Professor  Adams  has  found  this  species 
plentifully  at  Crown  Point,  and  some  other  places  near  Lake 
Champlain.  I  have  also  received  it  from  Maryland.  See 
also  ADAMS,  Catalogue  of  Mollusca  in  Thompson's  Hist,  of 
Vermont. 

P.  SIMPLEX.  Very  few  of  these  shells  have  as  yet  been 
found,  and  none,  that  I  know  of,  in  any  other  except  the 
original  locality.  They  are  enough,  however,  to  establish  the 
validity  of  the  species. 

P.   PLACIDA,  Say,  proves  to  be  a  specimen    of   Bulimus 
obscurus,  Mull.  (B.  hordeaceus,  Brug.) 
3 


18 

Thus  there  are  at  present  known,  in  the  United  States, 
thirteen  species  of  this  genus.  They  are  remarkable,  as  com- 
pared with  those  found  in  other  countries,  for  their  minute- 
ness ;  the  two  largest  species,  armifera  and  badia,  scarcely  ex- 
ceeding in  size  the  smallest  of  the  European  species.  It  is 
also  singular  that  no  species  of  the  allied  genus  Clausilia,  so 
abundant  in  Europe  and  Asia,  should  have  been  found,  as 
yet,  on  the  North  American  continent ;  and  indeed  I  am  not 
aware  that  any  shell  possessing  a  true  clausium  has  been  found 
in  any  part  of  America. 


The  following  shell,  being  figured  on  the  same  plate  with 
the  preceding,  the  description  of  it  may  be  desirable  here. 

PUPA  LYRATA. 
PI.  XVI.  fig.  16. 

Testa  parva,  plerumque  sinistrorsa,  castanea,  lat£  umbilicata;  anfr.  5  convexis, 
costulis  flexuosis  ad  20  concinne  clathratis ;  apertura  sub-orbiculari,  campanulata, 
postice  dentibus  duobus  lamellosis,  in  faucibus  duobus  alleris,  armata. 

Shell  minute,  generally  reversed,  ovate,  of  a  chestnut  color ; 
whorls  five,  convex,  crossed  by  about  twenty  delicate,  round- 
ed, flexuous  ribs,  which  give  the  surface  an  elegant  appear- 
ance. Spaces  between  not  striated.  Aperture  somewhat 
orbicular,  the  peristome  having  an  inflection  posteriorly, 
against  which  is  a  lamellar  tooth  winding  under  the  trans- 
verse lip,  and  another  still  larger  between  it  and  the  umbilical 
region.  There  is  also  a  thickening  at  the  middle  of  the  outer 
lip  from  whence  arises  a  compressed  fold  which  revolves 
within  the  aperture,  directed  between  the  two  teeth  on  the 
transverse  lip ;  and  another  parallel  to  this,  stretching  be- 
tween the  outer  anterior  and  inner  posterior  angles  of  the 
aperture.  Umbilicus  large  and  deep. 

Length  ^  breadth  5XD3S  inch. 

Found  at  the  island  of  Maui,  one  of  the  Sandwich  islands. 
Like  most  other  land  shells  found  there,  the  volutions  seem 
to  be  directed  right  or  left  indifferently.  It  is  a  beautiful 
shell,  and  cannot  well  be  confounded  with  any  described 
species. 


I    A\(  Tl.oTrs     nixfutns  ANTHONY  9  TOKNATEU^/W///<>  .»•//•/>////      ADAMS      17ANCYLUS    filSCUS ....ADAMS. 

2iiEi.ix  mrintctln  „  IOITPA  armitfra ....SAY. ISpi'FA tadia _* 

3  PALUUiXA  twriniuitirnsis  ..  HCYCI.AS  s/,;mnx  .VHAM.N      I!)  ,;rti,;m.-i SAY. 

4  ANITI. oTi-s  Kirt/<iri</,»ri!v          ,,  I^'ITI-A  fffeem  I.CMI.U     lio  f.ritiiui *. 

."»  ruriittitiix                 ,,  ir.i.YMMvv  />,////,/tt  AII  VMS     1!1  Simplex        ROULIX. 

(i  I'l.Kruo-roM  \  flii'iitii  ADAMS  14  iimhilit'titii 22 _ <'i'nfriit'fa....&X¥ 

7  o.uiTiiirM  ti-rrhrtili'  ..  l.'i ri. \\oums  /•//•)•/////.»•  ,»          L;."I  milinm  .GOULD.- 

S.IAMIMX  [>rt'/t/trfn  ,.  l(i  rr-f/ix 


PI.]  6 


"tpla,.                    5   M.  muiutissima,.  10.11 .  P.  penUidon..              15 

•'/.ijuiifa-.           §.D    coarctata,.  12.  ..    /                             16., 

3.£.pertenuit.             7.8.  P.    ovata,.  13.  .     rupicola,.    »  •   *7,  yj  \e?russg.. 

9.  ..     Gouldii,.  14.  .     scrvilts.  T    »  \»    •      •  " 


M,    XXI 


inlmui  .    SAY  :\.  Ht'li.c  tin'nialti  .   SAY 

UmaMUl,  BINNKY  !•  f>trs/>c,iini  .    SAI 

.").    //        *iri<i/t'//,t .        ANTHONY.   5M    PI.   III.  K.  i.' 


nuwM  wxa 


.lm,i//f.tt  u,fur?s  IKK   tttt 


0 


• 


I.    ///»//>    nrh>/ra  .  SAT..  5. 

2  ///  v  ///////.  i  ;  «  i  i  .  i  )  6 

•BPI 
s.        ..        intfe/U/iffi   SAY  i 

4.  .,  //////Y/.-.V  '////•/  .  KINNKY  3. 


niuftn/rn/a/a  .HINXKY 
tin  fata    s  A  Y 
hit'tfrint/rirti  .SAY 

r/VV,s  ////-/.    SAY 


V   v 


ti 


u.  <&. 


' 


i 


.'  ,    B 


ffl 


GENUS   THRACIA,    LEACH. 


THE     THRACIA. 


Generic  characters.  Shell  ovate,  oblong,  transverse,  ine- 
quivalve ;  the  beaks  strongly  recurved,  that  of  the  right  valve 
notched  to  receive  that  of  the  opposite  side ;  the  right  valve 
more  convex  and  larger  than  the  left ;  the  hinge  has  upon 
each  valve  a  horizontal  and  narrow  nympheal  callosity,  which 
sometimes  expands  into  a  spoon-shaped  projection,  and  con- 
tains an  internal  ligament,  which  is  prolonged,  and  slightly  issues 
outwardly  into  the  corselet.  Two  muscular  impressions,  the 
anterior  depressed,  elongated,  contracted  towards  its  middle, 
and  united  to  the  posterior,  which  is  rounded,  by  a  palleal 
impression,  strongly  notched  at  its  posterior  part. 

Testa  ovato-oblonga,  transversalis,  inaequivalvis ;  natibus  fortiter  recur- 
vatis,  dextrae  valvae  emarginata  nate,  quse  alterium  excipiat ;  dextra  valva 
ventricosior  majorque  sinistra :  Cardo  variabilis ;  in  utraque  valva  callum 
nymphale,  horizontale,  angustum,  aliquando  dilatatum  cochleariforme ; 
Ligamentum  internum,  externe  prominulum.  Duae  impressiones  rauscu- 
lares;  anterior  depressa,  producta,  contracta  ad  medium,  junctaque  poste- 
riori ;  posterior  rotundata  impressione  palleali,  postice  largiter  emarginata. 

The  animal  is  oval,  thick,  enveloped  in  a  very  delicate 
mantle,  diaphanous  upon  its  sides,  through  which  is  distinctly 
seen  the  branchiae  and  the  abdominal  mass;  the  edges  are 
swollen,  lobed,  and  united  in  almost  the  whole  of  the  circum- 
ference, so  that  they  present  only  three  openings  ;  the  first  is 
found  at  the  anterior  and  lower  third  of  the  median  line,  and 
Thracia.  A 


tj  GENUSTHRACIA. 

forms  a  slit  for  the  passage  of  the  foot ;  the  two  others  are 
seen  at  the  posterior  part,  and  give  passage  to  two  distinct 
tubes  or  tracheae,  cylindrical,  fleshy,  approaching  each  other 
towards  their  origin ;  these  two  tracheae  can  be  extended  far 
out  of  the  shell ;  the  lower  is  larger  and  longer,  and  serves  to 
supply  the  branchiae  with  water:  the  upper,  which  is  nearer 
to  the  hinge,  is  shorter  and  straighter  ;  it  serves  for  the  excre- 
mentitious  evacuations  ;  it  is  furnished,  at  its  upper  and  inter- 
nal extremity,  with  two  small  tubercles,  formed  like  teats,  and 
armed  with  small  papillae,  whose  use  is  probably  to  prevent 
the  entrance  of  small  foreign  bodies.  This  trachea  has  no 
communication  with  the  lower;  it  is  prolonged,  moreover,  into 
the  interior  of  the  cavity,  where  it  is  continued  by  a  delicate, 
transparent  valve,  which  extends  even  to  the  opening  of  the 
anus.  These  tracheae  can  be  drawn  into  the  portion  of  the 
mantle  which  surrounds  them,  the  covering  of  which  is  loose, 
and  gives  this  part  the  appearance  of  a  vulva  :  it  is  surrounded 
by  a  tendinous,  solid,  and  elastic  ring ;  a  similar  apparatus 
exists  for  the  passage  of  the  foot.  The  abdominal  mass1  is 
voluminous,  and  is  terminated  by  a  small,  oval  foot,  compress- 
ed, fringed  in  form  of  a  crest,  and  sub-anterior.  The  branchiae 
are  voluminous,  unequal  upon  the  same  side,  and  united  in  the 
whole  of  their  length,  at  the  upper  surface ;  at  the  lower  and 
internal  surface  corresponding  to  this  part,  they  are  divided 
into  two,  by  a  very  distinct  furrow ;  they  are  thick,  long  and 
wide,  of  a  slightly  oval  form  at  the  posterior  part,  and  trun- 
cated obliquely  at  the  anterior  part ;  the  lower  being  longer  ; 
the  upper  is  adherent  at  its  middle  part  in  the  two  anterior 
thirds  near  the  union  of  this  part  with  the  lower ;  this  connex- 
ion is  indicated  at  the  upper  part  by  a  slight  ridge.  The 
posterior  third  of  the  two  branchiae  is  floating  and  free,  and  is 
continued  as  far  as  the  entrance  of  the  siphon.  The  lamellae 
are  fine  and  very  contiguous,  undulated,  and  a  little  oblique 

1  In  the  specimen  we  have  before  us,  the  abdominal  mass  is  very  volu- 
minous, and  the  ovary  is  seen  beneath  its  covering. 


C;  E  N  U  S  .  T  H  R  A  C  I  A  .  3 

from  behind,  forwards.  The  mouth  is  small,  transverse,  oval ; 
the  lips  are  simple,  and  the  two  pair  of  labial  appendages  are 
straight  and  elongated. 

The  retracting  muscle  of  the  trachea  of  the  right  side  is  of 
an  oval  form,  and  is  continued  upon  the  abdomen  by  becoming 
thin  and  uniting  with  the  mantle  ;  that  of  the  left  side  is  of  an 
irregular,  oval  form,  and  adheres  by  its  internal  surface  to  a 
membranous,  elastic  fold  which  arises  from  the  internal  open- 
ing of  the  large  trachea,  enlarging  as  it  continues,  and  termi- 
nates by  a  semicircle  which  exceeds  by  many  lines  the  retrac- 
tor muscle  of  that  trachea  ;  there,  it  joins  the  mantle.  This 
apparatus,  so  singular  and  so  remarkable,  does  not  exist  in  any 
other  bivalve  mollusk  at  present  known.  It  is  supposed  that 
the  animal,  by  contracting  it,  employs  it  to  throw  out  the 
water  in  the  cavity  of  the  trachea  with  more  force. 

Leach  first  established  this  genus ;  several  species  were  al- 
ready known,  but  were  placed  by  some  authors  among  the  MY^J. 
Lately,  this  genus  has  been  better  observed,  and  Deshayes, 
considering  it  as  a  type,  has  established  many  others,  which  he 
has  united  in  a  single  family,  under  the  name  of  Osteodeme. 
The  shells  which  belong  to  this  genus  so  much  resemble  the 
MY.E,  the  ANATIN^E  and  the  PERIPLOM.E,  that  it  is  very  difficult 
not  to  admit  it  into  the  family  Myaria  of  Lamarck,  for  it  ap- 
pears to  make  the  step  from  the  Mactraceae  to  this  last  family. 
They  have  also  much  resemblance  by  their  exterior  form,  which 
is  inequivalve,  to  the  CORBUL^E.  Their  shell  is  generally  quite 
thin  ;  the  valves  are  united  together  by  an  internal  ligament 
placed  in  the  spoon-shaped  cavities,  where  these  exist;  the  liga- 
ment extends  slightly  into  the  corselet ;  the  valves  gape  only  at 
the  posterior  side.  The  two  muscular  impressions  which  they 
present  interiorly,  are  unequal,  the  anterior  is  elongated  and  nar- 
row towards  the  middle,  and  the  posterior  is  rounded  ;  they  are 
united  by  a  palleal  impression  pretty  deeply  notched  posteriorly. 

Deshayes  has  given  such  accurate  descriptions  of  several 
species  of  this  genus,  that  we  prefer  to  borrow  from  him,  adding 
only  some  new  observations. 


4  GENUS      THRACIA. 

1.  THRACIA  CORBULOIDES,  DESK  AYES.     The  Corbula-form- 
ed  Thracia 

(Collect.  MASS.)     MONTAGU,  pi.  1,  fig.  I. 
PI.  II,  %.  1. 

Th.  testa  ovato-transversa,  grisea,  incequivalvi,  insequilatera,  bisinuata, 
umbonibus  magnis,  inferiore  emarginato. 

Shell  ovate,  oblong,  transverse,  very  inequivalve,  inequi- 
lateral, very  much  inflated,  marked  with  irregular  lines  of 
increase,  entirely  white,  and  covered  with  a  grayish  brown 
epidermis ;  the  beaks  of  the  valves  very  large,  protuberant, 
cordiforrn  ;  the  right  valve,  which  is  the  larger,  has  its  beak 
notched  at  its  summit  to  receive  the  beak  of  the  left  valve. 
The  cardinal  edge  is  delicate ;  it  presents  upon  its  posterior 
side  a  nympha,  which  projects  within  the  valves,  and  which 
receives  a  ligament  partly  internal  and  partly  external.  The 
anterior  extremity  of  the  shell  is  obtuse,  rounded ;  the  poste- 
rior extremity  truncated :  this  side  is  bounded  outwardly  by  a 
very  prominent  obtuse  angle,  which  extends  obliquely  from 
the  beak  to  the  lower  part  of  the  shell.  Interiorly  the  valves 
are  white ;  two  muscular  impressions  are  seen,  very  much 
separated,  the  anterior  of  which  is  long  and  narrow ;  the  pos- 
terior is  rounded ;  they  are  united  by  a  palleal  impression, 
deeply  notched  posteriorly. 

Length  2  inches  5  lines.     Width  1  inch  8  lines. 

This  species,  according  to  Montagu,  may  be  considered  a 
borer,  and  is  found  in  large  quantities  at  Plymouth,  imbedded 
in  rocks  :  it  is  this  which  probably  occasions  that  diversity  of 
form  which  exists  in  this  species.  It  is  found  also  in  the  sand 
in  the  harbor  of  Falmouth.  Finally,  it  is  found,  also,  in  the 
Mediterranean,  where  it  appears  to  be  larger  than  upon  the 
English  coast,  and  where  it  is  commonly  found  in  the  mud.2 


2  Dr.  A.  A.  Gould,  of  this  city,  found  a  specimen  of  this  shell  at  Chel- 
sea, in  this  state.     Col.  Totten,  of  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  has  met  with 


GENUSTHRACIA.  5 

2.  THRACIA  PUBESCENS,  LEACH.     The  Downy  Thracia. 
(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.) 

PI.  II,  fig.  2. 

Th.  testa  ovato-oblonga,  subdepressa,  insequivalvi,  sequilatera,  albo- 
grisea,  antice  rotundata,  postice  truncata  et  angulata;  cardine  foveolis 
internis  instructo. 

Shell  ovate,  oblong,  transverse,  equilateral,  inequivalve, 
slightly  inflated,  of  a  reddish  white  color,  covered  with  a 
browner  shagreened  epidermis,  marked  with  irregular  and  more 
or  less  numerous  striae  of  increase.  The  beaks  are  short,  and 
that  of  the  right  valve  is  notched  at  its  summit  to  receive  that 
of  the  left  valve.  The  valves  are  pretty  thick,  rounded  at 
the  anterior,  and  truncated  at  the  posterior  side ;  the  same 
side  is  separated  from  the  upper  surface  by  an  obtuse  angle, 
which  arises  from  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  beaks,  and 
which  descends  obliquely  as  far  as  the  lower  extremity  of  the 
shell.  The  cardinal  edge  is  rather  thin,  and  destitute  of 
teeth ;  it  presents  at  the  posterior  side  of  the  beaks  an  internal 
hollow,  short  and  thick.  The  hollow  is  oblique  and  bounded 
outwardly  by  a  little  ridge,  in  which  is  inserted  an  external 
ligament,  whilst  another  strong  ligament  is  situated  in  the 
hollows  of  the  valves.  Interiorly  they  are  white,  smooth  and 
polished.  There  exists  upon  the  anterior  side  a  muscular 
impression,  long  and  very  narrow  in  its  middle,  very  near  the 
edge  ;  the  posterior  muscular  impression  is  rounded  and  pretty 
large. 

Length  3  lines.     Width  1  inch  10  lines. 

This  species,  described  by  Lamarck  under  the  name  of  ANA- 
TINA  myalls,  is  pretty  common  in  the  British  seas,  principally 


many  fragments  of  shells  upon  the  shores  of  that  state.  In  my  cabinet  is  a 
single  valve,  which  I  picked  up  several  years  since  upon  the  coast  of 
Maine,  at  Prout's  Neck,  a  few  miles  from  Portland, — so  that  we  may  infer 
it  inhabits  the  whole  coast  of  New  England. — TR. 


G  E  N  U  S      T  II  R  A  C  I  A  . 


upon  the  coasts  of  England,  in  the  sands  of  Falraouth  and  Ply- 
mouth ;  it  is  found  also  in  the  Mediterranean. 


3.  THRACIA  PLICATA,  DESHAYES.     The  Plaited  Thracia. 

(Collect.  MASS,  et  LAJOIE.) 

PI.  II,  fig.  3.  • 

Th.  testa  ovato-oblonga,  transversa,  sequilatera,  insequivalvi,  depressa, 
transverslm  plicata,  alba,  diaphana. 

Shell  ovate,  oblong,  transverse,  equilateral,  inequivalve,  in- 
flated, beaks  small,  that  of  the  left  slightly  notched.  The 
valves  are  white,  delicate,  and  diaphanous,  rounded  upon  the 
anterior  side,  truncated  obliquely  upon  the  posterior  side  :  the 
side  is  bounded  outwardly  by  an  obtuse  angle,  which  extends 
from  the  beak  to  the  lower  and  posterior  edges.  The  exterior 
surface  presents  some  very  prominent  transverse  folds,  round- 
ed, undulating,  more  or  less  numerous ;  the  cardinal  edge  is 
straight,  and  presents  upon  each  valve  a  small  horizontal  hol- 
low, triangular,  not  very  thick,  in  which  is  confined  a  small 
internal  ligament,  which  shows  itself  a  little  externally ;  inter- 
nally the  valves  are  white,  and  transversely  plaited.  The 
anterior  muscular  impression  is  very  superficial,  elongated, 
and  very  narrow  ;  the  posterior  rounded  and  small :  it  is  unit- 
ed to  the  anterior  by  a  palleal  impression,  deeply  notched 
posteriorly. 

Length  1  inch  6  lines.     Width  1  inch. 
Country  unknown. 

This  species  is  rare  in  collections ;  it  is  very  remarkable  for 
its  whiteness,  and  for  the  very  prominent  transverse  folds  upon 
the  whole  of  the  shell. 


GENUSTHRACIA.  7 

4.  THRACIA  PHASEOLINA,  NOBIS.    The  French-bean  Thracia. 

(Collect.  MASS.  LAM.)     MONTAGU,  pi.  1,  fig.  2. 

Pi.  II,  fig.  4. 

Th.  testA  ovato-oblong£,  transversal,  aequilatera,  inaequivalvi,  alba,  dia- 
phand,  Isevi ;  latere  posteriore  brevi,  angulato,  truncate. 

Shell  ovate,  oblong,  transverse,  equilateral,  inequivalve, 
beaks  small ;  that  of  the  left,  slightly  notched.  The  valves 
are  white,  diaphanous  and  smooth,  indistinctly  marked  with 
striae  of  increase,  rounded  at  the  anterior  side,  strongly  trun- 
cated at  the  posterior  side ;  the  side  is  bounded  outwardly  by 
an  obtuse  angle,  pretty  prominent,  extending  obliquely  from 
the  beak  to  the  lower  part  of  the  shell.  The  cardinal  edge  is 
thin,  and  without  teeth  ;  it  presents  upon  the  posterior  side 
the  beaks  with  a  small,  internal,  short,  triangular  hollow,  in 
which  is  attached  a  small  internal  ligament  which  is  apparent 
externally.  The  valves  are  white  and  shining,  internally. 
The  anterior  muscular  impression  is  elongated,  the  posterior  is 
rounded,  and  is  united  to  the  anterior  by  a  palleal  impression, 
deeply  notched. 

Length  1  inch  4  lines.     Width  11  lines. 

Inhabits  the  road  of  Cherbourg,  in  the  Channel,  the  coasts 
of  England,  at  Falmouth;  the  Mediterranean.  This  same 
species  has  been  found  in  the  bay  of  Sea-dogs,  but  much 
larger. 

This  species  was  known  by  Petiver,  and  has  been  described 
by  Lamarck  under  the  name  of  AMPHIDESMA  pJiaseolina ;  it  ap- 
proaches in  its  form  the  THRACIA  pubescens,  but  its  lightness 
and  its  size  materially  distinguish  it;  it  differs  also  from  the 
plicata,  for  that  has  very  strongly  prominent  folds,  while  in  the 
A.  phaseolina,  the  striae  of  increase  are  scarcely  apparent. 


/  /  /  ' 

M  V  y/r  VN  '  .  <r/       '  V      u  '/h"c<« 

s^j  .         (  .,,/,-,,,     .  '/-.   ;•    .  ,      ^} 

;/  (    ••<•  ij£b&      re+t    *  -     i,      ,  /'.>  ,  .    <  '     / 

i     t      /     /I/,,*,      t.  //*/.-      v/r;,,          „    .f/07     JS/.?S?/? 

........  '       ,     ',,      ....,   „•/    ^    ..AA,,, 


/  J 


<'  '  c.r  /<    ,     X  '  <     /  >  /a  M<  ,  - 


//fa  [l- 


<*«*• 


,    .     /<',  .>•<   ,  >-      , 


.    ftX  ,    / 
^X  <-<^r 


( 
ii 


,     .   ',, 


/,',A 


lttdri  ''/f4t<>lr<<<,i 

,  M//^     r  A  .-  ///v../ 


IV 

rj^y* 

V        1       /'     ' 


^,  ,1",  ,;,  .// 


^    r«6-(  ("  f.  r.<  A  ,  ,  ,  x//  /(  /  /.'",  /;  ,  •/,    /^"/  <  y  A, 

i,  A  A,     ;v  ,/   A/,/  ,A;      .....  ,.// 

,  (or,r  ,  /T;/,  /' 


LJt*L 


y     / 


f>      ,        I  )  f  J'/ t       '/PM     ,  ,     f  ../.    •/    '.'/,/  , 


'A-/ 


'•'  f       ,t/rt<j<rlf>'«       /'    /,  ;,^  , 


/,    ;     VM     ,./,  ^//f/, 

.}!"'>   >(£     •"   •          .  ,'   '-.  t  //»..*.,    ^a^,     /n«.      t^i    /-/•/      ".// 


* 


_J2'((r<  / 

/'  '         /  '•'        /       X  ' 

(  '<(/       (   C  Y<  ( ' -<   v  f*    i         * •{•'</'  ^  '\  '  i    /)  J  <'  /      A'  ^  V  ,   /f  i  ^/«/      /tv   , //        ',     /. 

//  '•/       •  "  ' 

/  '  '     /       /  /        '/'         ^       ^    '    ^      '/  /// 

J     (  (.   fi  /fv      ^  //J  ft'  ffC-<  -i      »  <:   ^J  '<'  ,      ;  X<  >' /    ,  /Vr/  ,      "ff/f/ii   ,    ,'i  ,  //J  /J 


n    :  /,    .;;/-;/r  f  it 

. 


t  „  /,  ff  />y  .  ^  r/  /,  „  /,•; 


';/,  .:/^.     >  /.  ^  ,/V  A.'  .//.  ,..  ->;    ''/// 


TIIKM'IF.S 


PI. 


a    •   Animal     do    la    Tlu-acif     CorUuloi'dc     ,      (  \\\     du   eot<«    ^.uiolu-) 

/•   .          id  id i<] (^n  J,,    ooto     droh) 

r   .     1'lxlrtMnilo    .sup'T  ol  intornr  do  la  Iraolioo   c.\<M-tMntMilitiollo    (oios.sio) 
tt .  CharnuWs     d<-    la    Thra.    Corluiloidc  .<>.  i<l   »io  la  '1  lu-a .  |)iilx\<ront<>. 


THK  \di.s. 


1M         2. 


i  .     Thra      Corlniloule  . 
•2      Thra  .    pvibosoonlo  . 


5  .    Thra . 
4-     Thra  . 


C         i  T. 

CATALOGUE 


OF   THE 


WORKS  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 


IN  THE 


LIBRARY 


OF 


JOHN  C.  JAY,  M.  D. 


BOND-STREET,     N  E  W  -  Y  O  R  K  . 


NEW-YORK: 

PRINTED  BY  DANIEL  FANSHAW, 
No.  150  Nassau-street. 

1842. 


WORKS    ON    NATURAL,    HISTORY. 


Advocate  of  Science  and  Annals  of  Natural  History,  Philadelphia, 

vol.  1,   8vo.     Nos.  1   to  9  contain    the  proceedings  of 

the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  at  Philadelphia,  from 

20th  May,  1834,  to  1st  April,  1835. 

Adanson.     Histoire  Naturelle  Du  Senegal — Coquillages.  Paris,  1757; 

1  vol.  4to — 19  plates  of  shells  en  noir. 

Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of  Nat.  Hist,  in  the  city  of  New- York — 1823  to 
1S37 — 3  vols.  8vo.;  and  vol.4,  Nos.  1  to  4  ;  colored 
plates. 

Astrolabe,  Voyage  de  la  corvette  L'Astrolabe,  execute  par  ordre  du 

roi,  pendant   les  annSes  1826,   1827,   1828,  1829,  sous 

le  commandement  de  Mr.  J.  Dumont  d'Urville,  capitaine 

de  vaisseau  ;  Paris,  1830,  1835, 

Histoire  du  Voyage,  royal  octavo,  5  vols.  text  and  2  folio 

vols.  colored  plates. 
Zoologie,  par  Quoy  et  Gaimard,  4  vols.  text  and  2  folio 

vols.  colored  plates. 
Botanique,  par  A.  Lesson  et  A.  [Richard,  1  vol.  text  and 

1  folio  vol.  colored  plates. 

Entomologique,  par  le  Docteur  Boisduval,  1  vol. 
P/iilologie,  par  Mr.  D'Urville,  1  vol. 
Observations    Nautiques,    Miteorologiques,  Hydrographi- 

ques,  et  de  Physique,  2  vols.  4to. 
Atlas  of  Maps  and  Charts,  one  grand  4to. 

Audubon,  J.  J. — The  Birds  of  America,  from  drawings  made  in  the 
United  States  and  their  territories.  New- York,  1839 ; 
royal  octavo,  colored  plates,  —  vols. 


WORKS    ON    NATURAL    HISTORY. 


B 

Barbut,  James — The  Genera  Vermium  of  Linnaeus — in  English  and 
French — London,  1  vol.  4to,  14>  colored  plates. 

Barton,  W.  P.  C.— A  Flora  of  North  America.  Philadelphia,  1821 ; 
3  vols.  4to.  colored  plates. 

Beechy,  Captain.    See  Zoology. 

Binney,  A.    A  Monograph  of  the  Helices  of  the  United  States.    Bos- 
ton, 1837.  Nos.  1-10,  with  colored  plates. 

Blainville,  H.  M.  D.  D.     Manuel  de  Malacologie  et    de  Conchylio- 
logie.  Paris,  1825-1827  j  Svo.  2  vols.  87  plates. 

Book  of  Nature,  embracing  a  condensed  survey  of  the  Animal  King- 
dom.    Philadelphia,  1834;  2  vols.  4to.  238  plates. 

Born,  Ignatius.    Testacea  Musei   Csesarei  Vindobonensis.     Vindobo- 

noe,  1780 ;   1  vol.  folio,  18  colored  plates. 

«      Bosc,  L.  A.  G.  Hist.  Nat.  des  Coquilles.  Paris,  1810  ;  5  vols.  12mo. 
44  plates. 

Boston  Journal  of  Natural  History.  Boston,  1834  to  1842  ;  3  vols. 
8vo.  and  part  of  vol.  4th  with  plates  colored. 

Bouillet,  J.  B.  Catalogue  des  Mollusques  dans  la  Haute  et  la  Basse 
Auvergne.  Clermont  Ferrand,  1836;  1  vol. 

— Catalogue  des  Coquilles  Fossiles  de  L'Auvergne,  2  plates. 

Catalogue     des     Coquilles   terrestres     et    fluviatiles    vi- 

vantes,    recueillies    dans    le    d^partement    du  Puy-de- 
Dome.     Clermont  Ferrand,  1832  ;  5  pages. 

Catalogue  de  la  Collection  de  Coquilles  exotiques,  de  J.  B. 

Bouillet.  Clermont  Ferrand,  Dec.  1835 ;  20  pages* 

Bowditch,  J.  E.  Excursions  in  Madeira  and  Porto-Santo  in  1823, 
with  Appendix  of  Zoological  and  Botanical  descrip- 
tions. London,  1825;  1  vol.  4to.  colored  plates. 

Elements    of   Conchology,   including  the   Fossil  Genera 

and  the  Animals.     Paris,  1822  ;  Part  1,  Univalves,  500 
figures. 

Brard,  P.  Hist,  des  Coquilles  Terrestres  et  Fluviatiles  qui  vivent  aux 
environs  de  Paris.  J815;  one  vol.  12mo. 

Broderip,  W.  J.     See  Conchological  Tracts.  Vol.  1. 

Brookes,  S.  An  Introduction  to  the  study  of  Conchology.  London, 
1815  ;  1  vol.  4to.  eleven  colored  plates. 


WORKS    ON    NATURAL    HISTORY.  5 

"  Brown,  T.  The  Conchologist's  Text  Book.  Glasgow,  1833  ;  1vol.  12mo. 
Browne,  P.     The  Civil  and  Natural  History  of  Jamaica.     London, 

1774;   1  vol.  folio,  49  plates. 
Bruguiere.     See  Lamarck. 
Bulletin  Dela  Societe  Geologique  de  France.     Paris,   1838  to  1842; 

4  vols.  8vo. 
Bulletin  of  Proceedings  of  the  National  Institute,  Washington,  1841 

and  '2.  See  Pamphlets,  vol.  3d. 
i/  Buonanni,  F.  P.     Recreatione  DelFOcchio  E  Delia  Mente  in  Roma. 

1681 ;  2  vols.  4to.  with  plates. 

/  Burrow,  Rev.  E.  J.     Elements  of   Conchology.     New  edition,  Lon- 
don, 1825  ;    1  vol.  28  plates 


c 

Cailliaud,  F.     Voyage  a,  Meroe,  au  fleuve  blanc.  Paris,  1826  and  '7; 
4  vols.  8vo.  with  colored  plates ;  also  Atlas  of  Plates, 

vols.  folio. 
Cantraine,  F.  Diagnoses  de  quelquesEspecesnouvellesde  Mollusques, 

Extr.    du   Bull,    de  1'Acad.    de  Bruxelles,   du  5  Dec. 

1835;  31  pages. 
Catalogue  of  the  Collection  of  Messrs.  Cristofori  e  Jari  Parma,  1832. 

See  Pamphlets,  vol.  2. 
Library    of   the   Boston  Natural   History   Society.     See 

Pamplets,  vol.  2d. 
— — Organic  Remains,  &c.  &c.  presented  to  the   Lyceum  in 

in    New- York,    by   S.   L.    Mitchill,    1826.     See   Pam- 
phlets, vol.  1st. 
Books  in  the  Library  of  the  N.  Y.  Hospital,  1S29,  and 

Supplement.    Vol.  3,  Pamphlets. 
Journals  of  Voyages  and  of  the  Contents  of  the  Museum 

of  the   East-India  Marine    Society  of  Salem,    Mass.  ; 

1821  ;  with  the  Act  of  Incorporation.    See  Pamphlets, 

vol.  1st. 
Library  of  the  Lyceum  of  Natural  History  in  the  City 

of  New- York,  1830.   Pamphlets,  vol.  2d. 

Published  Works  and  Memoirs  of  Mr.  M'Clure.    Pam- 
phlets, vol.  3d. 


6  WORKS    ON    NATURAL    HISTORY. 

Catalogue  of  the  papers  and  other  works  of  Mr.  Say,  so  far  as  ascer- 
tained, 1835.     Pamphlets,  vol.  1. 
Chemnitz.     See  Martini. 

Coates,  B.  H.  A  Biographical  Sketch  of  the  late  Thomas  Say.     Phi- 
ladelphia, 1835.  Pamphlets,  vol.  1st. 
Columna,  Fabius.    Fabi  Columnae  Lyncei  de  Purpura,  Aliisque  Tes- 

taceis  rarioribus.    Rome,  1616  ;  8  plates,  4to. 

Conch  ologist's  Companion,   comprising   the    Instincts  and  Construc- 
tions of  Testaceous  Animals.  London,  1824  ;  1  vol.  12mo. 
Conchological  Tracts,  vol.  1st,  4to,  contains  : 

An  Historical  Account  of  Testaceological  "Writers,  by  W. 
G.  Maton  and  Rev.  T.  Rackett.  London,  1803;  125 
pages. 

A  Description  of  seven  new  species  of  Testacea,  by  W.  G. 
Maton ;  1809  ;  7  pages  and  1  colored  plate. 

Descriptions  of  five  British  species  of  the  Genus  Tere- 
bella  of  Linne  ;  1817  ;  5  pages  and  3  plates. 

Remarks  on  the  difficulty  of  distinguishing  certain  Ge- 
nera of  Testaceous  Mollusca  by  their  shells  alone,  &c. 
London,  1835  j  10  pages,  by  J.  E.  Gray. 

Observations  on  Naticina  and  Dentalium,  by  Rev.  L. 
Guilding.  London,  1831 ;  6  pages  and  1  plate. 

On  the  Nervous  System  of  Beroe  Pileus,  Lam.,  and  on 
the  structure  of  its  Cilia,  by  Robert  E.  Grant,  London, 
1833;  4  pages,  1  colored  plate. 

On  the  structure  and  characters  of  Loligopsis,  and  an  ac- 
count of  a  new  species  by  the  same.  London,  1833  ;  8 
pages,  and  colored  figures. 

On  the  Anatomy  of  the  Sepiola  vulgaris,  Leach,  and  an 
account  of  a  new  species  by  the  same.  London,  1833 ; 
10  pages  and  a  colored  plate. 

Descriptions  of  some  new  species  of  Cuvier's  family  of 
Brachiopoda,  by  W.  J.  Broderip.  London,  1833;  4 
pages  and  2  colored  plates. 

On  Clavagella,  by  the  same.  London,  1834 ;  8  pages,  1 
plate. 

On,  tlie  Genus  C/iama,  Brug.  by  the  same.  London,  1834  ; 
6  pages,  2  colored  plates. 


WORKS    ON    NATURAL    HISTORY.  7 

Conchological  Tract  On  the  Anatomy  of  the  Brachiopoda  of  Cuvier, 

by  R.   Owen.     London,  1833;  20  pages. 
On  the  Anatomy  of  Clavagella,  Lam.  by  the  same.     Lon- 
don, 1834;  6  pages. 

Description  d*un  nouveau  Genre  de  Mollusques  de  la 
Classe  des  Gasteropodes  Pectinibranches,  by  E.  Riip- 
pell.  London,  1834;  2  pages  and  2  figures. 
Note  sur  quelques  especes  nouvelles  de  Coquilles  Terrestres, 
by  Mons.  S.  Moricand.  Geneve,  7  pages,  1  colored 
plate. 

Mimoire  sur  les  Coquilles  Terrestres  et  Fluviatiles,  en- 
voyees  de  Bahia,  with  a  supplement  by  the  same.  Ge- 
ndve,  1837 ;  42  pages  and  2  plates  colored. 
PrimiticB  Fauna  et  Flora  Maderse  et  Portus  Sancti,  by 
Rev.  C.  T.  Lowe.  Cambridge,  1831  ;  70  pages,  6  co- 
lored plates. 

Memoire  sur  les  Evolutions  de  1'Embryon  dans  les  Mol- 
lusques Gasteropodes,  par  B.  C.  Dumortier.  Paris,  47 
pages,  4  colored  plates. 

Conrad,  T.  A.  American  Marine  Conchology.  Philadelphia,  1831  ; 
1  vol.  72  pages  ;  17  colored  plates. 

Fossil  Shells  of  the  Tertiary  Formations  of  North  Ame- 
rica. Philadelphia,  1832  ;  1  vol.  56  pages  and  18  plates. 

Monography  of  the  Family  Unionidae  or  Naiades  of  La- 
marck. Philadelphia,  1836;  vol.  1,  8vo.  and  Nos.  11 
and  12,  60  colored  plates. 

New  Fresh  Water  Shells  of  the  United  States.  Philadel- 
phia, 1  vol.  12mo.  colored  plates. 

Constitutions  and  By-Laws  of  the  U.  S.  Naval  Lyceum,  Brooklyn. 
New- York,  1834.  See  Pamphlets,  vol.  3d. 

Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  Phil.  1828.  Pamphlets,  vol.  2. 

— Nat.  History  Society,  Boston.     Pamphlets,  vol.  3. 

Lyceum  Natural  History  in  the  City  of  New- York.  Pamp. 

vol.  3. 

Coquille.  Voyage  autour  du  Monde,  sur  la  Corvette  de  sa  Majeste, 
la  Coquille,  pendant  les  annees  1822,  1823,  1824  et 
1825.  Par  Mr.  L.  J.  Duperrey,  Capitaine  de  Fregate — 
Paris,  Hist,  du  Voyage,  par  Duperrey,  202  pages,  4to.  60 
colored  plates,  in  folio, 


8  WORKS    ON    NATURAL    HISTORY. 

Coquille.  Botanique — Cryptogamie,  par  Mr.  B.  De  St.  Vincent ;   1828  ; 

1    vol.  4to.     Phanerogamic,    par   Mr.  Ad.  Brongniart, 

1829  ;  232  pages,  4to  ;   106  colored  folio  plates. 
Zoologie,  par  M.  M.  Lesson  et  Garnot,  2  vols.  in  4  parts, 

4to.  130  colored  folio  plates.     Crustacea,  Arachnides  et 

Insectes,  par  F.  C.  Guerin  Meneville;  1830;  27  colored 

folio  plates. 
Hydrographique,  Physique   et  N antique ;  3  parts,  4tOj   et 

Atlas,  in  grand  4to.  56  plates. 
Cristofori.   II  Regno  Animale  De  Cristofori  e  Jan,  Molluschi.   Parma, 

1832 — in  vol.  2  of  Pamphlets. 

Enumeratio  Generum  Molluscorum,  par  Cristofori. 

Do.  Do.       Coleopterorum. 

Conchylia  Fossilia. 

Conchyliologia — all  in  vol.  2  of  Pamphlets. 

Crouch,  E.  A.   An  Illustrated  Introduction  to  Lamarck's  Conchology. 

London,  1827.    1  vol.  4to.  22  colored  plates. 
Cuvier,  G.   Leeons  D' Anatomic  Comparee.     Paris,  1804-5;  5  vols. 

with  plates. 
Le  Regne  Animal,  distribue   d'apres  son   organisation — 

Mollusques.  Royal  8vo.  23  livraisons,  4  colored  plates  in 

each;  1840. 
Baron — Le  Regne  Animal.    Paris,  1829  ;  5  vols. 


D 

Da  Costa,  E.  M.  British  Conchology.  London,  1778;  1vol.  4to.  17 
colored  plates. 

Elements  of  Conchology,  or  an  Introduction  to  the  Know- 
ledge of  Shells.  London,  1776;  1  vol.  8vo.  7  plates. 

D'Argenville.  La  Conchyliologie — troisieme  edition,  par  Mr.  M.  De 
Favanne  De  Montcervelle  Pere  et  Fils.  Paris,  1780; 
3  vols.  4to.  80  plates. 

Davila,  M.  Catalogue  Systematique  et  Raisonne  des  Curiosites  de  la 
Nature  et  de  1'Art,  qui  composent  le  Cabinet  de  M.  Da- 
vila. Paris,  1767;  3  vols.  30  plates. 

Deshayes,  G.  P.  Continuation  of  Ferussac,  Hist.  Nat.  viz.  livraisons 
29,  30  and  31,  each  with  6  colored  plates.  1838. 


WORKS    ON    NATURAL    HISTORY.  (J 

Deshayes,  G.  P.  Traite  Ele"mentaire  de  Conchyliologie,  avec  1'applica- 
tion  de  cette  Science  a  la  Geognosie.  Paris,  1838;  8 
livraisons ;  8  colored  plates  in  each — to  be  12  in  all. 

Encyclopedia  Methodique.     See  Lamarck. 

— — Histoire  Naturelle  des  Animaux  sans  vertebres,  par  J.  B. 

P.  A.  De  Lamarck — deuxieme  Edition,  par  Deshayes 
and  H.  M.  Edwards.  Paris,  1835-40;  8  vols.  pub- 
lished— one  more  will  complete  it. 

De  Roissy,  Felix.     See  Montfort. 

Dillwyn,  L.  W.  A  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  Recent  Shells,  with  their 
Synonymes.  London,  1817  ;  2  vols.  8vo. 

Draparnaud,  J.  P.  R.  Hist.  Nat.  des  Mollusques  Terrestres  et  Fluvi- 
atiles  de  la  France— avec  13  planches.  Paris,  1813; 
one  vol.  4to. 

Duclos,  P.  L.  Hist.  Nat.  Ge"nerale  et  Particuliere  de  tous  les  Genres 
de  Coquilles  Univalves  Marines,  a  1'etat  vivant  et  fos- 
sile,  Publiee  par  Monographies ;  Genre  Olive  :  Livrai- 
sons 1  to  6.  Paris,  1835-40.  Grand  folio,  36  colored 
plates. 

Genre  Colombelle :  Livraisons  let  2.  Paris,  1835;  13 

colored  plates. 

Dubois,  Charles.  An  Epitome  of  Lamarck's  Arrangement  of  Testacea. 
London,  1825;  12mo. 

Dumortier,  B.  C.  See  Conchological  Tracts. 


E 


Edwards,  H.  M.     See  Deshayes. 
Encyclopedia  M&hodique.     See  Lamarck. 


Favanne.     See  D'Argenville. 

Ferussac — Histoire  Naturelle,  Gene"rale  et  Particuliere  Des  Mollus- 
ques  Terrestres  et  Fluviatiles.  Paris,  1819.  27  livraisons, 
bound  in  two  folio  vols.  156  colored  plates.  28th  livraison, 
par  son  fils.  Paris,  1832. 

For  continuation  see  Deshayes. 


10  WORKS    ON    NATURAL    HISTORY. 

Fleming,  J.    A  History  of  British  Animals.  Edinburgh,  1828  ;  1  vol. 
Svo.  565  pages. 


G 

Geve.    Nicolaus  Georg    Gevens  Conchylien   Cabinet.    Lunenburgh, 

1830  ;  4to.  33  colored  plates. 
Gould,  A.  A.    Lamarck's  Genera  of  Shells,  with  a  catalogue  of  species 

translated  from  the  French.  Boston,  1833;   12mo. 
Report  on  the   Invertebrata  of  Massachusetts,  comprising, 

the  Mollusca,  Crustacea,  Annelida,  and  Radiata.    Boston, 

1841;  213  figures  of  American  Shells. 
Grant,  Robert  E.    See  Conchological  Tracts. 
Gray,  J.  E.  do.  do.  do. 
A  Manual  of  Land  and  Fresh  Water  Shells  by  Turton.  2d 

edition,  by  J.  E.  Gray,  enlarged,   London,  1840.   1  vol. 

12mo.  152  colored  figures  of  British  Shells. 
Gualter,  N.    Index  Testarum  Conchyliorum.   Florentine,  1742;  folio, 

one  vol.  many  plates. 
Gmelin,  J.  F.   Systema  Naturae,   editio  decima-tertia.     Leipsic;  1788- 

1793 ;  8  vols. 
Guerin-Me'neville,  F.  E.    Magasin  de   Zoologie — Deuxieme   Section, 

Mollusques  et  Zoophytes.  Paris,  1831-1842;  3  vols.  nu- 
merous finely  colored  plates. 
's  Cuvier.    Iconographie  du  Regne  Animal.    Paris,  1  vol. 

12mo. ;  38  colored  plates  of  Mollusca  and  25  plates  of 

Zoophytes. 
— Revue  Zoologique,  par  la  Societe  Cuvie'rienne.  Paris,  1838- 

42 ;  5  vols.  Svo. 

Guilding,  Rev.  L.    See  Conchological  Tracts. 
General  Directions  for  Collecting  and  Preserving  Articles  in  Nat  ural 

History  ;  1834.    See  Pamphlets,  vol.  3d. 

H 

Haldeman,  S.  S.  A  Monograph  of  the  Lymniades  or  Fresh  Water 
Univalve  Shells  of  North  America.  Philadelphia,  July, 
1840-1-2,  inNos.;  4  are  published,  five  beautifully  color- 
ed plates  in  each  No. 


WORKS   ON   NATURAL    HISTORY.'  11 

Hanley,  S.    The  Young  Conchologist's  Book  of  Species  —  Univalves. 

London,  1840;  1  vol.  I2mo.  with  figures. 
Hitchcock,  E.  A  Catalogue  of  Animals  and  Plants  in  the  State  of  Mas- 

sachusetts. 1833;  1  vol.  8vo. 


Jay,  John  C.   Catalogue  of  Recent  Shells  in  his  Cabinet.    New-  York, 

1835  ;  1  vol.  12mo. 

—  —  —  -  A  Catalogue  of  Recent  Shells,  with  descriptions  of  New  or 
Rare  Species  in  his  Collection.  2d  edition,  New-York, 

1836  ;  1  vol.  8vo.  with  4  colored  plates. 
--  A  Catalogue  of  the  Shells,  arranged  according  to  the  La- 

marckian  System,  with  descriptions  of  new  or  rare  species, 
in  his  Collection.  3d  edition.  New-  York  and  London, 
1839  ;  1  vol.  4to.  with  ten  colored  plates. 

Index  to  the  Library  of  the  Lyceum  of  Natural  'History  in  the  City  of 
New-  York;  1830.  See  Pamphlets,  vol.  2d. 

Johnson,  Wm.  R.  Memoir  of  the  late  L.  D.  Von  Schweinitz.  Phila- 
delphia, 1835.  See  Pamphlets,  vol.  1. 

Journal  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia,  1817  to 
1839  ;  7  vols.  8vo.  and  part  1  of  vol.  8. 

K 

Kiener,  L.  C.  Species  General  et  Iconographie  des  Coquilles  Vivan- 

tes.     Paris.   76  livraisons,  4to.  6  colored  plates  in  each. 
Kirtland,  J.  P.    A  Catalogue  of  the  Animals  and  Plants  in  the  State  of 

Ohio;  1338.   See  Pamphlets,  vol.  3. 
--  Catalogue  of  Shells  in  his  Cabinet,  Poland,  Ohio  ;  1836; 

Mss.  ; 
Knorr,  G.  W.    Les   Delices  des  Yeux  et  de  1'Esprit.   Nuremberg, 

1760-1773  ;  2  vols.  4to.  190  colored  plates  of  shells.   ' 


Lamarck — Histoire  Nat.  des  Animaux  sans  Vertebres.  See  Deshayes. 
Encyclopedia  Methodique — Hist.  Nat.  des  Zoophytes, 
ou  Animaux  Rayonnes,  Tome  second.  Paris,  1824;  1 
vol.  4to. ;  volume  first. 


12  WORKS    ON    NATURAL    HISTORY, 

Lamarck.  Hist.  Nat.  des  Vers,  par  Bruguiere  et  De  Lamarck,  conti- 
nuee  par  G.  P.  Deshayes.  Tome  second.  Paris,  1830. 

Ditto.    Tome  troisieme.    Paris,  1832. 

Explanation  of  the  Plates  from  52  to  487,  in  one  vol.  4to, 

by  Bory  De  St.  Vincent. 

Tableau  Encycl.  Meth.  par  M.  Bruguiere,  Septieme  livrai- 

son,  Paris,  1791 — Les  Vers  Infusoires,  les  Vers  Intes- 
tines, les  Vers  Mollusques,  with  plates  from  I  to  95  • 
volume  1. 

Ditto,  vol.  2,  plates  96  to  189. 

Ditto,   Dix-neuvieme  Partie — Vers    testacees  a  Coquilles. 

bivalves.  Paris,  1797.  From  Plates  190  to  390.  Vo- 
lume 3d. 

Ditto,  Vingt-troisieme  Partie,  Mollusques  et  Polypes  Di- 
vers, par j  Lamarck.  Paris,  1816.  Plates  391  to  488. 
Vol.  4,  4to. 

Lea,  Isaac.  A  Synopsis  of  the  Family  Naiades.  Philadelphia,  1836, 
1  colored  plate ;  I  vol.  8vo. 

'  Description  of  six  new  species  of  the  Genus  Unio,  with  the 

Anatomy  of  the  Oviduct  of  one  of  them.  Philadelphia, 
1827  ;  4  colored  plates,  4to. 

Description  of  a  New  Genus  of  the  Family  Naiades,  in- 
cluding eight  species — four  of  which  are  new — also  the 
description  of  eleven  new  species  of  the  Genus  Unio ; 
1829 ;  Philadelphia,  with  8  colored  plates. 

Observations  on  the  Naiades  and  Descriptions  of  New  Spe- 
cies of  that  and  other  Families.  Philadelphia,  1830;  13 
colored  plates. 

Supplement.    Philadelphia,  1831 ;  3  colored  plates. 

Description  of  a  New  Genus  of  the  Family  Melaniana  of 

Lamarck.  Philadelphia,  1831.  All  the  above  are  bound 
together  and  form  volume  1st. 

. — Observations  on  the  Naiades  and  Descriptions  of  New  Spe- 
cies of  that  and  other  Families.  Philadelphia,  1832 ;  7 
colored  plates.  Supplement,  Philadelphia,  1833,  6  color- 
ed plates.  2d  Supplement,  1834,  6  colored  plates.  The 
above  form  vol.  2d. 

Description  of  New  Fresh  Water  and  Land  Shells,  Phila- 
delphia, 1834,  6  colored  plates 


WORKS   ON    NATURAL    HISTORY.  13 

Lea,  Isaac.  Continuation  of  Mr.  Lea's  paper,  1835. 
Ditto,  ditto, 

Ditto,  ditto,  1836,  8  colored  plates. 

Ditto,  ditto,  1837,  3  colored  plates. 

Ditto,  ditto,  1836. 

Ditto,  ditto,  1836,  6  colored  plates. 

Ditto,  ditto,  1837,  1  colored  plate. 

Ditto,  ditto,  1838. 

Ditto,  ditto,  1838. 

Ditto,  ditto,    Synopsis    of  the    Family 

Naiades. 

Geographical  Distribution  of  the  Species   of  the  Family 

Naiades.     All  the  above  form  volume  3d. 

Description  of  nineteen  new  species  of  Colimacea.     Feb. 

21, 1840.     Philadelphia  ;  2  colored  plates. 

Notice  of  the  Oolitic  Formation  in  America,  with  Descrip- 
tions of  some  of  its  Organic  Remains.  May,  1840;  3 
plates. 

Leonard,  B.  G.  A  Discourse  before  the  Chilicothe  Lyceum   and  Me- 
chanics' Institute,  1834.     See  Pamphlets,  vol.  3d.    „ 
Lister,  M.    Historia  Animalium  Angliae.  London,  1678.    One  volume, 
small    4to.    9  plates ;    with   manuscript   notes    by   Dr. 
Goodall,  Provost  of  Eton. 

.  Listeri  Historiae  Conchy liorum  Oxonii,  1770.  1059  plates; 

with  indexes  by  Huddesford  and  Diliwyn,  and  22  addi- 
tional plates  chiefly  anatomical. 

Long,  S.  H.  Expedition  to  the  Source  of  St.  Peter's  River,  &c.  with  an 
Appendix  on  Zoology,  by  T.  Say.  Philadelphia,  1824; 
2  vols.  8vo. 

Lowe,  Rev.  C.  T.  Primitiae  Faunas  et  Florae  Maderae  et  Portus-Sancti. 
Cambridge,  1831;  70  pages;  6  col'd  plates.  See  Concho- 
logical  Tracts.  , 


M 

M'Clure,  Wm.   A  list  of  the  published  works   and  memoirs   of  Mr. 

M'Clure.     See  Pamphlets,  vol.  3d, 
MacClure,  Wm.    See  Morton, 


14  WORKS    ON    NATURAL    HISTORY. 

Martini,  F.  H.  G.     Conchylien  Cabinet.   Nuremberg,  1769-1795.     12 

4to  vols.  text  and  12  do.  of  colored  plates. 
Martyn,  Wm.  F.    A  New  Dictionary  of  Natural   History.     London, 

1785 ;  2  vols.  folio,  with  colored  plates. 
Martyn's  Drawings  of  Shells  of  the  South  Sea.    One  vol. 

4to.  58  colored  plates. 
Thomas.     The  Universal  Conchologist,  1789 — with  anew 

Systematic  Arrangement  and  Explanatory  Tables,  in  En- 
glish and  French ;  also  Figures  of  Non-Descript  Shells 

collected  in  different  voyages  to  the  South  Seas  since  the 

year    1764;   with    77    colored   drawings   of   Shells;  a 

unique  copy;  1  grand  4to.  gold  mounted. 
Mather,  W.  W.   First  Annual  Report  on  the  Geological  Survey  of  the 

State  of  Ohio.   Columbus,  Ohio,  1838.  See   Pamphlets, 

vol.  2d. 
Maton,  W.  G.  An  Historical  Account  of  Testaceological  Writers ;  also 

Description   of   seven   new   Species.  See  Conchological 

Tracts.   Vol.  1. 
Mawe,  J.  Woodarch's  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Conchology ;  3d 

edition,  with  additions  by  Mawe.     London,  1825;  1vol. 

7  colored  plates. 
The  Linnaean  System  of  Conchology.  London,  1823  ;  8vo. 

1  vol.  37  colored  plates. 

Mayo,  C.  Lessons  on  Shells.  New- York,  1833;  1  vol.  12mo.  10  plates. 
Menke,  C.  T.    Synopsis  Methodica  Molluscorum.    Pyrmont,  1830;  1 

vol.  168  pages. 
Michaud,  A.  L.  G.    Descriptions  de  plusieurs  Nouvelle  Especes   de 

Coquilles  du  Genre  Rissoa.     2d  edition,  32  figures.  See 

Pamphlets,  vol.  3. 
Galerie  Des  Mollusques  du   Museum  de   Douai.     Paris, 

1838 ;   2  vols.  8vo.  37  plates  of  Shells.     Par  Potiez   et 

Michaud. 
Compl6ment  de  1'Hist.  Nat.  des  Mollusques  Terrestres  et 

Fluviatiles  dela  France,  de  Drapernaud.    Verdun,  1831 ; 

1  vol.  4to.  3  plates. 
Mitchill,  S.  L.    Catalogue  of  the  Organic  Remains,  &c.  presented  to 

the  Lyceum  of  Natural  History  in  the  City  of  New- York, 

by  him— 1826.    See  Pamphlets,  vol.  1. 


WORKS    ON    NATURAL    HISTORY.  15 

Montagu,  G.    Descriptions  of  five  British  species  of  the  Genus  Tere- 

bella  of  Linne  ;  1817  ;  5  pages  and  3  plates.    SeeConch. 

Tracts,  vol.  1. 
Testacea  Britannica  or  Natural  History  of  British  Shells. 

London,  1803 ;  2  vols.  4to.  16  colored  plates. 
Montfort,  Denys.    Conchyiologie  Systematique  et  Classification   Me- 

thodique  des   Coquilles.  -  Paris,  1808  and  1810;  2  vols. 

8vo.  261  figures. 
Hist.   Nat.  Generale  et  Particuliere  Des  Mollusques  ani- 

maux   sans  Vertebres  et  a,  Sang  blanc.    Paris,   1810;  4 

vols.  8vo.  50  colored  plates. 
-Ditto,  continuee  par  F.  De  Roissy.  Paris,  1813,  5th  and  6th 

vols.  and  colored  plates  51  to  72. 
Moricand,  Step.     See  Conchological  Tracts,  vol.  1st 
Morton,  S.  G.  A  Memoir  of  Wm.  M'Clure.     Philadelphia,  1841.  See 

Pamphlets,  vol.  3. 
Muller,  O.  F.    Verrnium  Terrestrium  et  Fluviatilium  Historia — Hav- 

niae.     Tome  1,  1773 — tome  2,  1774,   4to. 


N 

Natural  History  of  Shells.  A  Natural  History  of  Shells,  in  English 
and  French,  by  an  Amateur.  1  vol.  folio,  12  plates  and  26 
pages  text. 

Nicklin,  P.  H.  Conchological  Observations  on  Lamarck's  Family  of 
Naiades  ;  1829.  See  vol.  1st  Lea's  Memoirs. 

O 

Olivi,  A.  G.  Zoologia  Adriatica.  Bassano,  1792 ;  1  vol.  4to.  9 
plates. 

Owen,  R.  On  Anatomy  of  the  Brachiopoda,  Cuvier;  and  also  on  Ana- 
tomy of  Clavagella,  Lam.  See  Conch.  Tracts,  vol.  1. 


p 

Pamphlets.  Vol.  1,  2,  3,  containing  Papers  on  Natural  History. 


16  WORKS   ON    NATURAL    HISTORY. 

Payraudeau,  B.  C.  Catalogue  Des  Annelides  et  Des  Mollusques  De 
L'Isle  De  Corse.  Paris,  1826;  1  vol.  8vo.  8  colored 
plates. 

Pennant,  Thomas.  British  Zoology.  A  new  edition,  4  vols.  8  vo.  Lon- 
don, 1812. 

Perry,  G.  Conchology,  or  the  Natural  History1  of  Shells.  London, 
1811 ;  1  vol.  folio,  61  colored  plates. 

Petit,  De  La  Saussaye — Notice  sur  la  Recherche  des  Coquilles.  Paris, 
1838.  See  Pamphlets,  vol.  2. 

Petiver,  James.  Aquatilium  Animaliurn  Amboinse.  London,  1713  ;  1 
vol.  folio,  20  plates. 

Gazophylacium  Naturae  et  Artis.     London,    1702,   1711, 

folio;  100  plates. 

Pterigraphia  Americana,  folio  ;  contains  500  figures  of  Ame- 
rican Ferns,  Mushrooms,  Corals,  Sponges  and  Shells. 

Pfeiffer.  A  Systematic  Catalogue  of  the  Figures  in  Martini  and  Chem- 
nitz's Conchylien  Cabinet.  Kassel,  1840;  1  vol.  12mo. 

C.  Naturgeschichte  Deutscher  Land  und  Siisswasser  Mol- 

lusken.     Weimar,   1821-8;   1   vol.    4to.  3  parts ;  24  co- 
lored plates. 

Philippi,  R.  A.  Enumeratio  Molluscorum  Siciliae.  Berolini,  1836 ; 
1  vol.  4to.  12  plates. 

Poli,  J.  X.  Testacea  Utriusque  Siciliae.  Parma,  1791-5  ;  2  vols.  grand 
folio,  39  colored  plates,  and  the  same  plain. 

Poitez,  V.  L.  Y.     Galerie  Des  Mollusques.     See  Michaud. 

Poulson,  C.  A.  A  Monograph  of  the  Fluviatile  Bivalve  Shells  of  the 
River  Ohio,  containing  12  Genera  and  68  Species. 
Translated  from  the  French  of  C.  S.  Rafinesque.  Phi- 
ladelphia, 1832;  1  vol.  12mo.  1  plate. 

Proceedings  of  the  Acad.  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philade.  1841-2  ;  1  vol. 

American  Philosophical  Society,  Philad.  1840-1-2. 

First  Annual    Meeting  of  the  New- York  State   Lyceum, 

held  at  Utica,  1831.  See  Pamph.  vol.  1. 

Zoological  Soc.  of  London,  1830  to  1842 ;  10  vols.  8vo. 

Pulteney,  Richard.  Catalogue  of  the  Birds,  Shells,  and  some  of  the 
more  rare  Plants  of  Dorsetshire.  London,  1799;  1  vol. 
folio. 


WORKS  ON   NATURAL  HISTORY.  17 


R 

Racket,  Rev.  T.     See  W.  G.  Maton. 

Rafinesque,  C.  S.  Monographic  des  Coquilles  Bivalves  Fluviatiles  de 
la  Riviere  Ohio;  31  pages  and  3  plates  of  Unios.  See 
Pamphlets,  vol.  2. 

Continuation,  a  Monograph  of  the  Bivalve  Shells  of  the 

River  Ohio.  Philadelphia,  1831.  See  Pamphlets,  vol.  2. 

Enumeration    and    Account    of   Objects    in   his  Cabinet. 

Philadelphia,  1831.     See  Pamphlets,  vol.  1. 
Rang,  M.  S.    Manuel  De  L'Histoire  Naturelle  des  Mollusques  et  de 

leurs  Coquilles.     Paris,  1829;   1  vol.  12mo.  8  plates. 
Reeve,  L.    Conchologia  Systematica ;    2  vols.    4to.  with  1500  figures 

of  shells.    London,  1842. 

Risso,  A.  Histoire  Nat.  des  Principales  Productions  de  L'Europe ; 
Meridionale.  Paris,  1826;  with  colored  maps  and  plates; 
5  vols.  8vo. 

Rossmassler,  E.  A.  Iconographie  der  Landund  Siisswasser  Mollus- 
ken.  Dresden  and  Leipzig,  1835-1839;  10  parts  in  2 
vols.  8vo.  50  colored  plates. 

Royal  Museum.    History    and  Description  of  the   Royal  Museum  of 
Nat.  Hist,  at  the  Jardin  du  Roi.     Paris,  1823.     Trans- 
lated from  the  French.  1  vol.  8vo.  609  pages  with  plates. 
Rumphius,  G.  E.   D'Amboinsche  Rariteitramer.  Amsterdam,  1741;  1 

folio  vol.  60  plates. 

Ruppell,  E.  Description  of  a  new  Genus  of  Mollusque.  See  Con- 
chological  Tracts,  vol.  1. 


Say,  Thomas,  American  Conchology.  Indiana,  1830  ;  1  vol.  8vo.  7 
Nos. ;  68  colored  plates. 

Descriptions  of  some  new  Terrestrial  and  Fluviatile  Shells 

of  North  America,  in  1829-30-31.  Indiana,  1840.  A 
pamphlet  of  26  pages. 

Catalogue  of  exotic  Shells  in  his  Cabinet  in  1833.  Pam- 
phlet of  33  pages. 


18  WORKS    ON    NATURAL  HISTORY. 

Say,  Thomas.   American  Entomology.  Philadelphia,    1824-5;  1st  and 

2d  vols.  8vo.  36  colored  plates. 
Descriptions  of  several  new  species  of  Shells  and  of  a  new 

species  of  Lumbricus.     See  Pamphlets,  vol.  2. 
A  list  of  Papers  and  other  Works  of  Mr.  Say,  so  far  as 

ascertained;  1835.     See  Pamphlets,  vol.  1. 
Schroeter,  J.  S.     An  Account  of  the  River  Shells  of  Thuringia;  1779  ; 

1  vol.  4to.  11  colored  plates. 

Schubert.     Schubert  and  Wagner.     See  Wagner. 
Seba.     Planches  de  Seba ;  4  vols.  folio. 

Vol.  1,  plates  1-7-111. 
«     2,     "       1—113. 
"     3f     «       i — 116  contains  Shells. 
"     4,     "       1— -108       "         Insects. 

Shaw.     Shaw's  Plates  of  Shells;  1  vol.  8vo.  106  colored  plates. 
Silliman  B.     American  Journal  of  Science  and  Art.  New-Haven,  1819 

to  1841;  40  vols.  8vo. 
Sowerby,  G.  B.  Jun.     Thesaurus  'Conchyliorum ;  8vo.  parti,  1842; 

contains  Monographs  of  Genus  Pupina,  Helicina,  Strom- 
bus,  &c. 
G.  B.     The  Malacological  and  Conchological  Magazine  ; 

parts  1  and  2.     London,  1838  and  '9. 

Species   Conchyliorum.     London,   1830 ;    contains   Mono- 
graphs of  the  Genus  Cymba,   Ovulum  Ancillaria,  Pan* 

dora ;  1  vol.  4to.  14  colored  plates. 
Jun.     A  Conchological  Manual,  illustrated  by  500  figures 

of  Shells.    London,  1  vol.  8vo. 
/  < Jun.     The  Conchological  Illustrations  or  colored  Figures 

of   all  the    hitherto  unfigured  Recent  Shells.     London, 

1832-1841 ;  2  vols.  12mo.  200  colored  plates. 
. James  and  J.  D.  C.     The  Mineral  Coachology  of  Great 

Britain.     London,    1812-1829;    in   12  vols.    8vo.    609 

colored  plates.  * 

— Systematical,  Stratigraphical   and  Alphabetical   Indexes  of 

the  first  6  vols.  of  the  Min.  Conch,  of  Great  Britain. 

London,  1834. 
— James.     Genera  of  Recent  and  Fossil  Shells.  London,  2 

vols.  8vo,  266  colored  plates, 


WORKS    ON    NATURAL    HISTORY.  19 

i 

Sowerby,  G.  B.     A  Catalogue  of  the  Shells  in  the  Collection  of  the 

late    Earl    of   Tankerville,    with    Appendix.     London, 

1825  ;  small  4to.  9  colored  plates. 
James.     Zoological  Journal.     London,  1825-1835  ;  5  vols. 

8vo.  with  supplementary  plates,  colored  complete. 
Spix,  Testacea  Fluviatilia  Brasiliensia,  Monachii;  1827;   1  vol.  4to. 

29  colored  plates. 
Storer,  D.  H.     Translation  of  Keiner — contains  the  Gen.  Buccinum 

Dolium,   Tornatella,  Pyramidellaj    Thracia  and  Harpa. 

Boston,  1837:  1  vol.  8vo. 
Sullivant,  J.  Catalogue  of  his  Cabinet.     Columbus,  Ohio,  1838.     See 

Pamphlets,  vol.  3d. 
Swainson,  W.    Zoological  Illustrations.     London,  1820-1823 ;  3  vols. 

8vo.  182  colored  plates  of  Birds,  Insects,  Shells. 
Zoological  Illustrations — 2d  series,      London,    1832-33  ; 

3  vols.  8vo. ;  136  colored  plates  of  Birds,  Insects,  Shells. 
Exotic  Conchology,  or  Drawings  of  rare,  beautiful,  or  un- 

described  Shells.  Lon.  1834  ;  1  vol.  4to.  48  col'd.  plates. 


Terver.  Catalogue  des  Mollusques  Terrestres  et  Fluviatiles,  observees 
dans  les  possessions  Francaises  au  Nord  de  L'Afrique. 
Lyons,  1839  ;  1  vol.  4  plates. 

Teschemacher,  J.  E.  Address  before  the  Boston  Natural  History  So- 
ciety. Boston,  1841. 

Turton,  Wm.  A  Conchological  Dictionary  of  the  British  Isles.  Lon- 
don, 1819;  1  vol.  12mo.  28  colored  plates. 

A  Manual  of  the  Land  and  Fresh  Water  Shells  of  the 

British  Islands.  London,  1831;  1  vol.  12mo.  126 
colored  figures.  For  2d  edition  see  J.  E.  Gray. 

Conchylia  Insularum  Britannicarum.  London,  1822;  4to. 

1  vol.  20  colored  plates. 


Voyage  de  la  Corvette  1'Astrolabe.  See  Astrolabe. 
De  la  Corvette  Coquille.    See  Coquille 


20  WORKS    ON    NATURAL   HISTORY. 


w 


Wagner,  J.  A.  Schubert  and  Wagner.     Continuation  of  Martini  and 
Chemnitz.    Nuremberg,  1829;  1  vol.  4to.  colored  plates. 

Walker,  G.  Testacea  Minuta  Rariora.     London,  1784;  1  vol.  4to.  90 
figures. 

Warren,  J.    The  Conchologist.     Boston,   1834;  4to.  17  colored  plates. 

Winslow,   H.    Address  before   the   Boston  Natural  History  Society, 
1837.     See  Pamphlets,  vol.  3. 

Wodarch.    See  J.  Mawe. 

Wood,  Wm.    Index  Testaceologicus.     2d  edition,  London,   1828.     1 

vol.  8vo.  2300  colored  figures  of  Shells. 
Supplement  to  the  Index  Test.  London,  1828  ;  480  colored 

figures  of  Shells. 

General  Conchology.     London,   1815;  1vol.  8vo.  59  co- 
lored plates. 


The  Zoology  of  Captain  Beechey's  Voyage  in  the  years  1825  to  1828. 

London,  1839 ;  1  vol.  4to.  50  colored  plates. 
Zoological  Journal.    See  Sowerby. 

Proceedings.    See  Proceedings  of  Zoological  Society. 


M171457 


- 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


